Transcriptional regulation in the development and dysfunction of neocortical projection neurons

Glutamatergic projection neurons generate sophisticated excitatory circuits to integrate and transmit information among different cortical areas,and between the neocortex and other regions of the brain and spinal cord.Appropriate development of cortical projection neurons is regulated by certain essential events such as neural fate determination,proliferation,specification,differentiation,migration,survival,axonogenesis,and synaptogenesis.These processes are precisely regulated in a tempo-spatial manner by intrinsic factors,extrinsic signals,and neural activities.The generation of correct subtypes and precise connections of projection neurons is imperative not only to support the basic cortical functions(such as sensory information integration,motor coordination,and cognition)but also to prevent the onset and progression of neurodevelopmental disorders(such as intellectual disability,autism spectrum disorders,anxiety,and depression).This review mainly focuses on the recent progress of transcriptional regulations on the development and diversity of neocortical projection neurons and the clinical relevance of the failure of transcriptional modulations.

Hydrodynamic Effect of the Regulation Project of Yangtze River Deepwater Channel Downstream of Nanjing

A two-dimensional flow numerical model of the tidal reaches, which total length is more than 700 km, is established from Datong to the Yangtze River estuary. The tidal levels, velocities, diversion ratios and dynamic axes before and after the separate regulation of each reach and combined regulation of all reaches are obtained. The comparative analysis shows that the regulation project of a separate reach basically has no impact on velocity distributions and variations of diversion ratios of upper and lower reaches, the variations of dynamic axes are only within the local scope of the project. The regulation project of a separate reach also has less impact on the water level in the lower adjacent reaches, but will make the water levels in the upper reaches rise. After the implementation of the regulation projects for all reaches, the rise of water level in the upstream reaches will have a cumulative impact.

The flood control and regulation of Three Gorges Project

The important role of Three Gorges Project (TGP) in the flood management of the Yangtze River Basin is summarized.The Optimal Regulation Schemes of the Three Gorge Reservoir is briefly described.The flood regulation effect of TGP is analyzed.Typical issues related to reservoir operation for flood regulation are discussed and suggestions are put forward for the future work.

A STUDY ON ECONOMY EVALUATION ON THE PROFIT AND LOSS OF GEOLOGIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ABOUT GEOLOGIC ENVIRONMENTAL EXPLOITATION PROJECT

The problems of environmental geology refer to the geologic phenomena, incidents or accidents arising from action of environmental geology. The action is mainly the mutual influence between human activity and geologic environment. When human activity is uncoordinated with objective laws of the geologic environment, the problems of environmental geology or economic loss would occur.Therefore,the level and the changing orientation of geologic environmental quality are relative to the types of human activity,particularly relative to human intentional-activities of geologic environmental exploitation project. The geologic environment fitting to mining may not fit to urban construction,and fitting to water conservancy and hydroelectric projects may not fit to communication,and so on.Economy evaluation on the profit and loss of geologic environmental quality is exactly to depict the level of the profit and loss of geologic environmental quality about geologic environmental exploitation projects and the

Rent-Seeking and Firm Performance: From the Perspective of the EightPoint Regulation and Government Subsidies

With the implementation of the CPC＇s eight-point regulation as a natural experiment platform, this paper seeks to unravel the causality between rent-seeking and firm performance for SOEs and private firms respectively. Our empirical research has found that after the release of the ＂eight-point regulation ＂, investors responded negatively to private frms and positively to SOEs. Such market response is more significant for firms with a high degree of rent-seeking. Further research has found that rent-seeking helps both SOEs and private firms receive more subsidies from the government. While government subsidy from rent-seeking is conducive to the performance of private firms, it is not the case for SOEs. This implies that rent-seeking activities serve as a ＂lubricant＇for private firms but have a ＂stumbling block＂ effect for SOEs.

The Legal Regulations on Dams Construction on International Rivers： The Compliance of the Nile Basin Upstream States of the Regulations

The process of constructing hydraulic projects on international rivers is governed by several legal regulations, among the most important of these regulations are： the Principle of no harm, and the Principle of Prior Notification, protection of the river＇s environment and the Principle of Settling the International Disputes via Peaceful Means, which is considered one of the most important principles called for by the UN Pact, as it provides for adopting the peaceful means by the member states of the organization to settle international disputes through peaceful means, in addition to an applied study on the Nile Basin＇s projects.

The Role of Nuclear Regulators in Reviewing Population Growth Projections

One of the roles of nuctear regulators is to review population projections calculated by applicants for populations lying in the vicinity of nuclear power plants. This paper examines methods of calculating rates of growth and thus calculating future population growth. This paper is concerned about regulators making sure that nuclear power plants are not located near densely populated centers and that population centers located near nuclear power plants do not become densely populated. In the case of El Dabaa city in the north coast of Egypt, south west of the nominated plant site, three rates of growth 1.5%, 2.5% and 3% were identified. The first is the current population growth rate of the city, the second is the average national growth rate and the third is the expected growth rate of the city when the nuclear power plant gets constructed and operated. In all three cases, this city is a population center and rules of distance from the nuclear power plant shall apply. Thus the further natural growth of this city should be controlled and directed away from the downwind of the plant.

River Treatment and Measures in Water Conservancy Projects of Small Farmland

China is country of massive agriculture.Although it has gradually changed from traditionalagriculture to modern agriculture in recent years, thereare still many problems in the transition. Rivers playan important role in water conservancy projects offarmland. Therefore, full attention should be paid toriver management of farmland. This thesis analyzes itand proposes countermeasures for governance.

新情势下长江河口南槽河床冲淤演变特征

随着长江流域来沙的锐减、河口涉水工程的建设、生态环境保护力度的加大和通航环境的高效利用,长江口河势将面临着新一轮的调整。以长江口南槽河床冲淤演变为研究对象,采用河床演变分析的方法对南槽近十年来多次水下地形和航道水深数据进行了分析,并对南槽航道治理一期工程效果进行了讨论。结果表明:2010-2018年,南槽主槽整体呈冲刷态势,江亚南沙头部窜沟冲刷发展,沙尾冲刷下延;2018年至今,江亚南沙头部窜沟由冲刷环境转化为淤积环境,其他区域冲淤形势基本未变;南槽断面主槽形态总体稳定,在主槽总体冲刷背景下,“拦门沙”逐渐被削平,加上南槽航道治理一期工程的作用,南槽6 m以深河槽容积明显扩大,且保持较好的稳定性。近期南槽河势变化是流域来水来沙和河口自然、人类活动影响的综合结果,南槽航道治理一期工程对近期江亚南沙的地形变化起到了重要影响,工程有效地控制了江亚南沙河势,遏制了局部冲刷发展的趋势,有利于稳定南槽航道的北侧边界。

考虑电力网络约束的工业园区虚拟电厂调控边界求解方法

构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统,亟须挖掘负荷侧灵活调节资源参与电网调控。含电解铝、矿热炉等高耗能负荷的工业园区具备良好的调控潜力,但是考虑园区内部电力网络约束,其精确调控边界求解面临着变量维数高、约束非线性的难题,现有方法不能较好地兼顾计算效率和精度。对此,文中将上述问题抽象为高维非线性状态空间在P-Q耦合平面的投影问题:分别建立考虑工业园区安全运行线性化和非线性约束的调控边界投影求解模型,采用一种新颖的高维状态空间投影算法,通过顶点“搜索-映射”的两步式求解过程,得到工业园区型虚拟电厂调控边界的精确投影。算例结果表明,采用所提方法求解的调控边界可由线性不等式组完全表征,与现有调度系统完全兼容,结合与叠加柔性资源调控能力和传统采样方法的对比,验证了该方法的可行性以及高求解精度和效率。

水网布局下黄河流域应对极端枯水的关键科学问题

变化环境下极端气象水文事件频发,长江、黄河面临同枯风险。在国家水网建设背景下,为提高长江、黄河同枯的极端不利情景下黄河流域水资源安全保障能力,本文分析了长江、黄河两大流域水资源安全面临的现实问题,识别了变化环境下大型流域枯水遭遇—水危机形成—跨流域调水潜力—多线路成网互济—极端枯水下水资源安全保障中亟需破解的关键科学问题,构建了水网布局下黄河流域应对极端枯水的总体研究框架,提出该领域重点研究方向包括:变化环境下长江、黄河极端枯水遭遇规律与空间变异机制,水危机风险多链路传导与复合影响定量评估,极端枯水下跨流域调水挖潜增供,长江和黄河跨流域联合调配与多线路互济精细化调控、极端枯水下流域水资源韧性提升优化调控等。

缺资料综合利用水库兴利调节计算研究

水库兴利调节计算是开展水资源论证的核心工作,而对于缺少入库径流观测资料的供水水库而言,来水量计算是进行水库兴利调节计算的关键步骤。针对缺资料地区水库实际情况,基于降雨径流系数法推求入库径流量,并综合采用水文比拟法、水量平衡法等多种方法合理确定径流系数。根据水库调度运用原则按照长系列时历法以旬为单位进行水资源供需平衡调节计算,得到了不同取水规模下的调节计算成果,评价了不同取水规模的供水保证程度及对灌溉、发电等其他用水户的影响,以达到对水资源合理分配及优化的目的。

数字化转型赋能企业高质量发展:基于盈余压力的调节作用

针对数字化转型如何赋能企业高质量发展问题,以2012—2022年中国A股上市公司为研究样本,采用实证研究的方法,利用面板回归模型分析数字化转型对企业高质量发展的影响。研究表明:数字化转型与企业高质量发展正相关;盈余压力在数字化转型与企业高质量发展之间发挥正向调节作用;数字化转型对企业高质量发展的影响在国有企业和高新技术企业中更显著。研究结论为数字化转型赋能企业高质量发展提供参考。

完善危大工程安全管理实施细则的几点建议——以《安徽省危险性较大的分部分项工程安全管理规定实施细则》为例

住房和城乡建设部37号令颁布的《危险性较大的分部分项工程安全管理规定》作为建筑领域的行业规定,内容偏于笼统,各地根据本省实际出台的实施细则各有特色。《安徽省危险性较大的分部分项工程安全管理规定实施细则》成文于5年前,实施以来工程建设中又出现了一些新情况、新问题,应适时启动对实施细则的评审程序。从增加危大工程清单、扩大危大工程范围、加强危大工程施工和监督的过程管理和验收、加大专家参与度等方面进行必要的补充和完善,以适应危大工程施工安全管理的需要。

基于无人机巡检与深度学习的河道整治施工进度图像识别

长线性小流域治理工程中的河道衬砌、生态护岸等距离长、范围广、布置分散,且工区交通不便,人工巡检费时费力,难以及时掌握工程的整体施工进度形象面貌。提出了基于无人机巡检与深度学习的河道整治施工进度智能图像识别方法,通过定位施工节点(施工区域起点和终点)的位置计算施工进度。首先,建立了施工区域目标检测模型,针对无人机航拍影像进行河道衬砌护岸施工区域的识别以及施工节点的定位;然后,利用尺度不变特征变换(scale-invariant feature transform,SIFT)算法对不同视频帧中的施工节点进行匹配,并基于单目视觉的运动视差法,计算施工节点的实际工区坐标;最后,计算当前衬砌护岸施工进度,并分析进度偏差。结果表明:该方法得到的施工节点定位平均误差为1.026 m,平均相对误差为0.74%,该方法能够较为准确地从航拍图像中识别得到当前衬砌护岸的施工进程,从而实现长线性工区快速巡检,及时掌控现场施工进度,提高工程管理的智能化水平。

国外民用光学卫星对地遥感行业发展综述

光学对地遥感是国家战略性行业。介绍了国外若干典型的由政府主导的民用光学对地遥感项目的发起背景、发展过程、发展现状及后续发展方向,还介绍了国外光学商业遥感公司建设运营的光学遥感星座的发展历程、现状和下一步发展计划,梳理了项目中光学遥感仪器的主要参数,简述了若干正在建设的商业光学遥感星座项目。汇总了外国空间卫星遥感相关的政策法规,总结归纳了美国商业遥感发展的4个阶段。最后展望了民用光学对地遥感行业的发展趋势。

PPP风险规制的立法完善研究

PPP作为政府与社会资本合作提供公共产品和公共服务的新模式,根本目标是通过公私合作来保障普遍性公共产品或服务的持续供给。合作共赢是双方共同的价值取向。PPP风险规制的立法应当紧紧围绕PPP实施过程中的风险节点,确定立法所应遵循的基本原则并建立健全相应的法律制度。PPP风险规制的立法完善应当在坚持法治原则的前提下,依法配置规制PPP风险的立法权,并重点建立健全政府特许经营法律制度,完善政府对PPP项目的风险监管。实现立法创新与深化改革有机结合,创新PPP风险规制的具体机制,实行风险的公平合理配置,从而预防和化解可能产生的PPP风险,推动PPP更好更多地为社会公众提供更大福祉。

南水北调中线工程水源区环境规制对经济高质量发展的影响

为研究南水北调中线工程水源区环境规制通过水资源利用对区域发展质效的影响,基于2005—2022年南水北调中线工程水源区12个城市的面板数据,构建基准回归模型、中介效应模型和门槛效应模型,实证分析了环境规制、水资源利用效率和经济高质量发展之间的关系。结果表明:环境规制对经济高质量发展具有正向促进效应,该促进效应在不同区域间存在异质性,环境规制的促进作用在用水量小的地区更加显著,而在用水量大的地区,丰富的水资源限制了环境规制对经济高质量发展的促进作用;在环境规制影响区域,水资源利用效率在经济高质量发展过程中发挥出显著的中介作用,水资源利用效率中介效应占环境规制总促进效应的比例为13.5%;水资源利用效率在环境规制对经济高质量发展影响中具有门槛效应,当水资源利用效率超过4.3后,环境规制对经济高质量发展的促进效应显著增强。

论合同无效后利息的返还——基于对司法案例的实证考察

通过损害赔偿路径还是得利返还路径解决合同无效后的利息偿还问题,会有明显不同的法效果。《合同编通则司法解释》第25条将过错作为确定利息返还数额的条件,混淆了返还责任与损害赔偿责任的制度逻辑,对此应予修正。因无效合同导致资金占用的情形,金钱用益价值的所得与所失之间可建立起直接的相关关系,在得利返还的路径下处理利息给付问题更为符合矫正正义的要求。从规范得利的角度观察,利息的返还数额应以贷款市场报价利率为计算标准。合同效力瑕疵规范的目的、对价值主观性的尊重、双务合同的牵连性等均对应返还利息的数额具有影响。

冲刷及整治工程叠加作用下武汉河段滩槽调整特征与成因

大型水库的修建引起了坝下游的滩槽调整,进而对河势、航运、防洪及生态等产生显著影响。为探究滩槽调整的驱动机制,采用1952—2022年水沙和1959—2021年地形观测资料,以长江武汉河段为例,分析了床沙组成、来水来沙及整治工程等因素的影响。研究表明:①武汉河段枯水河槽冲刷量占全河槽冲刷量的90.4%,断面趋向窄深化,河相系数减小。不同江心洲及汊道冲淤出现差异性调整,2001—2021年,铁板洲和白沙洲洲体面积分别减少了63.1%和61.5%,潜洲和天兴洲洲体面积分别增大了212.3%和14.5%;2013年后,铁板洲左右汊均冲,天兴洲汊道左淤右冲。②来沙量锐减,河床以0.125 mm≤d<0.25 mm的细沙居多,抗冲性较弱,是冲刷加剧的先决条件;三峡水库的削峰补枯作用加剧了枯水倾向汊河的冲刷幅度;整治工程改变了滩槽冲淤的横向分布,是江心洲差异性调整的主导因素,也是天兴洲保持左淤右冲的重要原因。③三峡水库蓄水前,洲滩之间演变联动性强;三峡水库蓄水后,来沙减少和中水期时间延长导致洲滩冲刷萎缩,洲滩之间演变联动性变弱;整治工程实施后,工程保持了心滩稳定且其缓流滞沙效应提高了抗冲性,心滩淤长的同时限制了边滩发育,叠加来沙进一步减少,边滩之间、心滩之间演变联动性进一步变弱,边滩与心滩之间演变联动性再次增强。