Dependence of Lower Molding Temperature Limit and Molding Time on Molding Mechanism in Dental Thermoforming

Effectiveness and safety of a sports mouthguard depend on its thickness and material, and the thermoforming process affects these. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of differences in molding mechanisms on the lower molding temperature limit and molding time in dental thermoforming. Ethylene vinyl acetate resin mouthguard sheet and two thermoforming machines;vacuum blower molding machine and vacuum ejector/pressure molding machine were used. The molding pressures for suction molding were −0.018 MPa for vacuum blower molding and −0.090 MPa for vacuum ejector molding, and for pressure molding was set to 0.090 MPa or 0.450 MPa. Based on the manufacturer’s standard molding temperature of 95˚C, the molding temperature was lowered in 2.5˚C increments to determine the lower molding temperature limit at which no molding defects occurred. In order to investigate the difference in molding time depending on the molding mechanism, the duration of molding pressure was adjusted in each molding machine, and the molding time required to obtain a sample without molding defects was measured. The molding time of each molding machine were compared using one-way analysis of variance. The lower molding temperature limit was 90.0˚C for the vacuum blower machine, 77.5˚C for the vacuum ejector machine, 77.5˚C for the pressure molding machine at 0.090 MPa, and 67.5˚C for the pressure molding machine at 0.45 MPa. The lower molding temperature limit was higher for lower absolute values of molding pressure. The molding time was shorter for pressure molding than for suction molding. Significant differences were observed between all conditions except between the pressure molding machine at 0.090 MPa and 0.45 MPa (P < 0.01). A comparison of the differences in lower molding temperature limit and molding time due to molding mechanisms in dental thermoforming revealed that the lower molding temperature limit depends on the molding pressure and that the molding time is longer for suction molding than for pressure molding.

CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREMS FOR A BRANCHING RANDOM WALK WITH A RANDOM ENVIRONMENT IN TIME

We consider a branching random walk with a random environment m time, in which the offspring distribution of a particle of generation n and the distribution of the displacements of its children depend on an environment indexed by the time n. The envi- ronment is supposed to be independent and identically distributed. For A C R, let Zn（A） be the number of particles of generation n located in A. We show central limit theorems for the counting measure Zn （-） with appropriate normalization.

RELAXATION TIME LIMITS PROBLEM FOR HYDRODYNAMIC MODELS IN SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE

In this article, two relaxation time limits, namely, the momentum relaxation time limit and the energy relaxation time limit are considered. By the compactness argument, it is obtained that the smooth solutions of the multidimensional nonisentropic Euler-Poisson problem converge to the solutions of an energy transport model or a drift diffusion model, respectively, with respect to different time scales.

Quantum speed limit time and entanglement in a non-Markovian evolution of spin qubits of coupled quantum dots

Quantum speed limit time and entanglement in a system composed of coupled quantum dots are investigated.The excess electron spin in each quantum dot constitutes the physical system(qubit).Also the spin interaction is modeled through the Heisenberg model and the spins are imposed by an external magnetic field.Taking into account the spin relaxation as a non-Markovian process,the quantum speed limit and entanglement evolution are discussed.Our findings reveal that increasing the magnetic field leads to the faster quantum evolution.In addition,the temperature increment causes the longer quantum speed limit time as well as the entanglement degradation.

Statistical Properties and Confidence Limits about the Mean Time between the Failures (MTBF) in Failure-free Period Life Test (FFPLT)

On the basis of strict mathematical description about Failure_Free Period Life Test (FFPLT), the statistical properties of the tests and optimal confidence limit of the parameter are discussed in detail and corresponding calculating formulae are found out.

Stability and Neimark-Sacker bifurcation analysis of a food-limited population model with a time delay

In this paper,a kind of discrete delay food-limited model obtained by the Euler method is investigated,where the discrete delay τ is regarded as a parameter.By analyzing the associated characteristic equation,the linear stability of this model is studied.It is shown that Neimark-Sacker bifurcation occurs when τ crosses certain critical values.The explicit formulae which determine the stability,direction,and other properties of bifurcating periodic solution are derived by means of the theory of center manifold and normal form.Finally,numerical simulations are performed to verify the analytical results.

Quantum speed limit time of a non-Hermitian two-level system

We investigated the quantum speed limit time of a non-Hermitian two-level system for which gain and loss of energy or amplitude are present. Our results show that, with respect to two distinguishable states of the non-Hermitian system, the evolutionary time does not have a nonzero lower bound. The quantum evolution of the system can be effectively accelerated by adjusting the non-Hermitian parameter, as well as the quantum speed limit time can be arbitrarily small even be zero.

Quantum speed limit time of a two-level atom under different quantum feedback control

We investigate the quantum speed limit time （QSLT） of a two-level atom under quantum-jump-based feedback control or homodyne-based feedback control. Our results show that the two different feedback control schemes have different influences on the evolutionary speed. By adjusting the feedback parameters, the quantum-jump-based feedback control can induce speedup of the atomic evolution from an excited state, but the homodyne-based feedback control cannot change the evolutionary speed. Additionally, the QSLT for the whole dynamical process is explored. Under the quantum-jump-based feedback control, the QSLT displays oscillatory behaviors, which implies multiple speed-up and speed-down processes during the evolution. While, the homodyne-based feedback control can accelerate the speed-up process and improve the uniform speed in the uniform evolution process.

Determination of the Financing Scale,Time Limit and Returns from the Investment in BOT Projects

The key aspect to the successful implementation of BOT concept is the raising of finance by project sponsor,so financial engineering techniques and capital structuring skills are required to find the proper mix of debt and equity.The capital structure and present a model to determine the equity level from the aspects of financing scale,construction time and return on investment are analyzed.The resulting model can help the sponsor to avoid the capital risk,and offer the government a criterion to evaluate management ability of the sponsor.To show the application and availability of this model,a case study is conducted.Thus,this paper is concern with the determination of financing scale,construction time,and return on investment which would assist the sponsor to ensure that the equity level for optimal capital structure is available prior to the implementation stage in BOT project operation.

Extention of Time Limit Mandated by SIPO(as basically limited to one extention and for two months at most)

The State Intellectual Poperty Office has announcedan amendment to Sec.5,Paragrph 4.2.of Chapter 7 ofExamination Guidelines.According to the newregulations,for making a respon to an office actionduring the prosecution of a patent application,only a firstrequest for a two-month extension of time can be basicallyallowed upon payment of official fee of RMB300(aboutUSD36).For further extension after the first one,onlyanother request for one or two months,at most twomonths,would be possibly petitioned together with a copyof the client’s instructions of the further extension and

Long-time limit behavior of the solution to an atom's master equation

We study the long-time limit behavior of the solution to an atom＇s master equation. For the first time we derive that the probability of the atom being in the α-th （α = j ＋ 1 -jz, j is the angular momentum quantum number, jz is the z-component of angular momentum） state is {（1 - K/G）/[1 - （K/G）2j＋1]}（K/G）^α-1 as t → ＋∞, which coincides with the fact that when K/G 〉 1, the larger the a is, the larger the probability of the atom being in the α-th state （the lower excited state） is. We also consider the case for some possible generaizations of the atomic master equation.

Coherence Modified for Sensitivity to Relative Phase of Real Band-Limited Time Series

As is well known, coherence does not distinguish the relative phase of a pair of real, sinusoidal time series;the coherence between them is always unity. This behavior can limit the applicability of coherence analysis in the special case where the time series are band-limited (nearly-monoch- romatic) and where sensitivity to phase differences is advantageous. We propose a simple mod-ification to the usual formula for coherence in which the cross-spectrum is replaced by its real part. The resulting quantity behaves similarly to coherence, except that it is sensitive to relative phase when the signals being compared are strongly band-limited. Furthermore, it has a useful interpretation in terms of the zero-lag cross-correlation of real band-passed versions of the time series.

PHASE RETRIEVAL OF TIME-LIMITED SIGNALS

The problem of reconstructing a signalφ（x） from its magnitude ｜φ（x）] isof considerable interest to engineers and physicists. This article concerns the problem of determining a time-limited signal f with period 2π when ｜f（eix）l is known for x∈[-π,π]. It is shown that the conditions ｜g（eix）｜ = ｜f（eix）｜ and ｜g（ci（x＋b）） -g（eix）｜ =f（ei（x＋b）） - f（eix）｜, b ≠ 27π, together imply that either g = wf or g = v f, where both w and v have period b. Furthermore, if b/2π is irrational then the functions w and v b is rational then w takes the form reduce to some constants c1 and c2, respectively; ifb/2π is rational then w takes the form w=elexB1（e1x）B2（elx）and v takes the form ei（x2πN/b＋a）B1（elx）B2（elx）,where B1 and B2 are Blaschke products.

综合干预对儿童视屏时间影响的研究

目的分析综合干预项目(DECIDE-children)对儿童视屏时间的影响及可能的中介因素,为控制儿童视屏时间提供依据。方法于2018年9月至2019年6月,在北京、山西、新疆的24所小学进行整群分层随机抽样,纳入1392名四年级学生,以1∶1的比例分为干预组或对照组,干预组儿童开展为期一学年的饮食运动行为综合干预,对照组参加常规教学。使用基线和终期随访问卷调查儿童视屏时长和运动与视屏知识、家长对儿童视屏时间的限制相关指标。使用线性回归及广义线性回归模型进行关联研究,非参数百分位Bootstrap法检验中介效应,调整基线调查的年龄和性别。结果在1392名调查对象中,基线调查时视屏时间≥2h/d的儿童有289人(20.8%)。与基线结果相比,终期干预组中家长限制儿童视屏时间不超过2h/d的比例、儿童的运动与视屏知识满分率增加大于对照组(OR_(adj)=1.64、2.27);儿童视屏时间≥2h/d的比例减少大于对照组(OR_(adj)=0.57)(均P<0.05)。中介效应检验结果显示,家长限制儿童视屏时间不超过2h/d的中介效应占总效应比例为4.01%,儿童运动与视屏知识满分的中介效应占比为11.40%(均P<0.05)。结论该综合干预项目可以增加儿童视屏时间达到指南标准的比例,其中家长限制儿童视屏时间不超过2h/d和儿童的运动和视屏知识满分发挥了部分中介作用。

连续时间完全-限定(K=2)两级轮询系统性能分析

为了实现区分网络优先级、保证公平性、提高普通站点的性能和效率,在完全-限定(K=1)两级轮询控制系统模型的基础上,提出连续时间完全-限定(K=2)两级轮询控制系统模型。在该模型中,使用限定(K=2)服务和完全服务分别对普通站点和中心站点进行服务。中心站点转换到普通站点进行服务时,使用捎带查询方式。在此基础上,采用马尔可夫链和概率母函数的数学方法建立该轮询系统模型,并推导平均排队队长和时延。利用MATLAB进行仿真实验,结果表明:理论值与仿真值误差较小,验证了理论分析的正确性;与门限-完全服务模型相比,该模型中心站点的队长和时延均小于门限-完全服务中心站点的队长和时延,具有更高的优先级;与一级完全服务和一级限定(K=2)服务模型相比,区分了优先级,性能分别提升11.7%和14.5%,说明两级服务远好于一级服务;与完全-限定(K=1)两级服务模型相比,增加了发送的数据,减少了等待时间,性能提升13.04%左右,进一步优化了普通站点的性能。

钢芯铝绝缘导线融冰传热分析

为消除电网覆冰灾害,对一种嵌入绝缘层的钢芯铝绞线结构进行了融冰研究,简要介绍了其在不断电情况下,利用线路运行电流实现在线融冰技术的原理。针对该导线结构,文章从传热学角度对其融冰物理过程进行了分析,建立了无重力条件下该导线融冰时的简易数学模型,推导了该导线达到融冰稳态时,导线各部分温度分布解析式,设计定制了嵌入绝缘层的钢芯铝绞线来进行融冰实验,实验结果验证了该导线融冰的有效性和可行性。

基于事件触发的预设时间航天器轨迹跟踪控制

针对通信受限条件下的航天器轨迹跟踪问题,提出了一种基于事件触发的预设时间控制算法。为了满足不同任务场景下对航天器快速性的要求,本文设计了一种预设时间轨迹跟踪控制算法。结合反步控制理论及预设时间动态增益,最终实现轨迹跟踪系统的预设时间收敛。作为一种典型的网络化控制系统,航天器在执行任务过程中可能会受到自身通信能力的限制,造成通信阻塞、时延和丢包等问题。为此,本文提出了一种基于动态参数的事件触发算法,在保证系统控制精度的同时,一定程度上避免了控制中心与航天器本体间不必要的通信资源消耗。相比于传统的静态事件触发算法,文中基于动态参数的事件触发算法在减少通信频率方面更具优势。通过理论分析和仿真实验验证所提控制算法的有效性。

档案延期开放的判断依据与时限问题探究

文章聚焦档案延期开放判断依据与时限问题,在对现行法规性文件中档案延期开放的判断依据进行梳理后,将其分为六大类:(1)仍属于国家秘密的;(2)涉及可能危及国家安全和社会稳定信息的;(3)涉及知识产权的;(4)涉及个人信息的;(5)档案捐赠者要求延期开放或是不开放的;(6)其他按照有关法律、行政法规和国家有关规定应当延期开放的,并重点就第(2)(3)(4)类情形的延期时限问题展开了详细讨论。文章最后指出,基于避免出现永久性豁免开放情形的考虑,应设置在常规封闭时限到期后定期滚动再审的制度安排。

数字技术的司法应用:时空局限性的突破及其规制

数字技术在司法中的应用,实现了对时间与空间局限性的突破。犯罪行为已经率先借助数字技术实现远程、跨境的不接触犯罪,这种犯罪形态为公安司法机关侦查取证、诉讼证明和追赃挽损带来难题。数字技术对于司法时空局限性的突破,还影响到审判公开原则的适用范围、直接言词原则的实践状况,以及远程提审、律师会见、开庭审判的“到庭”概念、诉讼可视化等的方式或内涵。不仅如此,数字技术应用也带来一些隐忧,实体意义上的法庭是否会萎缩、消失,法官功能是否会被智能机器人取代,成为越来越不能回避的话题。数字技术的初步应用,如网上开庭与网络直播庭审,固然有其各自的优势,但也都有一定的弊端,针对这些弊端,需要以一定的原则、制度、规则加以规制,非必要不实行网上开庭以及实行有限的网络庭审直播等,应当是我国当前刑事司法的应对措施。