Eight of ten patients return to daily activities, work, and sports after total knee arthroplasty

BACKGROUND Besides return to work(RTW)and return to sports(RTS),patients also prefer to return to daily activities(RTA)such as walking,sleeping,grocery shopping,and domestic work following total knee arthroplasty(TKA).However,evidence on the timelines and probability of patients’RTA is sparse.AIM To assess the percentage of patients able to RTA,RTW,and RTS after TKA,as well as the timeframe and influencing factors of this return.METHODS A retrospective cohort study with prospectively collected data was conducted at a medium-sized Dutch orthopedic hospital.Assessments of RTA,RTW,and RTS were performed at 3 mo and/or 6 mo following TKA.Investigated factors en-compassed patient characteristics,surgical characteristics,and preoperative patient-reported outcomes.RESULTS TKA patients[n=2063;66 years old(interquartile range[IQR]:7 years);47%male;28 kg/m2(IQR:4 kg/m2)]showed RTA ranging from 28%for kneeling to 94%for grocery shopping,with 20 d(IQR:27 d)spent for putting on shoes to 74 d(IQR:57 d)for kneeling.RTW rates varied from 62%for medium-impact work to 87%for low-impact work,taking 33 d(IQR:29 d)to 78 d(IQR:55 d).RTS ranged from 48%for medium-impact sports to 90%for low-impact sports,occurring within 43 d(IQR:24 d)to 90 d(IQR:60 d).One or more of the investigated factors influenced the return to each of the 14 activities examined,with R²values ranging from 0.013 to 0.127.CONCLUSION Approximately 80%of patients can RTA,RTW,and RTS within 6 mo after TKA.Return is not consistently in-fluenced by predictive factors.Results help set realistic pre-and postoperative expectations.

Media Sporting Events as Platforms for‘Soft Power’and Digital Activism

Mediatic sporting events are increasingly used in the geopolitical arena to gain consensus, at the same time emerging as platforms for the discussion of social issues, such as human rights and sustainability. This article presents an investigation into the role of mediatic sporting events and digital platforms in sparking political debate and social engagement to bring about change, including discussions on global and local interests and the performances of activist fans to promote debate on specific issues. The investigation employs a quantitative methodology. The initial inductive analysis uses a matrix of cultural key-frames of the empowerment and protest that accompany media sporting events, verifying their presence and effectiveness in different communication milieus. An analysis of the representation of protests on social media was performed through content analysis. The results of the investigation show that mediatic sporting events are to be understood as a diverse range of generators of multiple political effects: from the exercise of power to mass mobilization and media criticism.

Health benefits of traditional Chinese sports and physical activity for older adults: A systematic review of evidence

Background: Traditional Chinese sports and physical activities(PAs) have a long history and are practiced by millions of Chinese. However,relatively few systematic reviews of the scientific evidence for their health benefits, especially for older Chinese adults, have been undertaken.Evidence acquisition: Between January and March 2016, a systematic search was conducted using the CNKI and Pub Med databases to identify studies published between 2000 and 2015. Studies were selected for review if they were designed specifically to evaluate the health benefits of traditional Chinese sports and PAs in adults aged 50 years and older in the Mainland of China. The studies included observational, uncontrolled,and randomized and controlled designs. Papers published without an English title or abstract were excluded.Evidence synthesis: The initial search identified a total of 229 studies. After removing duplicates and studies that did not meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 95 studies were selected for review. Special attention was given to studies of the most commonly practiced activities: Tai Ji Quan,Qigong, and Yangko exercises. A positive association between these types of exercise and health benefits was noted for healthy older adults and those with chronic diseases. Evidence on other types of activities was less clear due to the limited number of studies conducted.Conclusion: There is promising evidence that traditional Chinese sports and PAs provide many health benefits for older Chinese adults. While additional scientifically rigorous research is warranted, promoting these traditional and culturally-based sports and PAs as forms of behavioral medicine in primary and secondary prevention of diseases among the aging Chinese population will help fulfill an urgent public health need.

Beach Handball and Beach Volleyball as Means Leading to Increasing Physical Activity of Recreational SportspeoplemPilot Study

The sample consisted of sixteen man of aged average 24.5 year, average height 181.9 cm and weight 80.4 kg. The average of static pulse rate was 56.4 beats min1. The average heart rate max was 189.7 ± 7.8 beats minl. For the calculation of HRmax （maximal heart rate）, a mathematical figure HRmax = 207 - （0.7 × age） was used. Probands have participated on the same day on a tournament in beach and handball tournament. HR （heart rate） was monitored via Sport Tester Polar. The results were evaluated by Polar software. The data was statistically compiled with the use of arithmetic average and standard deviation. The players played three matches in beach volleyball on one set to 21 points （necessary difference of 2 points）. One set lasted approximate 13.5 min. After a break, they went to play three matches in beach handball. The average HR during beach volleyball was 149.5 ±14.1 beats min-1 and 164.3 ± 14.5 beats min1 in beach handball. In beach volleyball, we also focused on players＇ intensity load differences 172 ±14.1 beats minland goalkeepers 156.5 ± 16.6 beats min1. In the beach volleyball, players spend most of their playing time on the playing area in the zone intensity load 80%-90% HRmax （36% playing time）. In the beach handball, players spend most of their playing time on the playing area in the zone intensity load 90%-100% HRmax （39% playing time）.

Empowering youth sport environments: Implications for daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and adiposity

Background: Evidence suggests involvement in youth sport does not guarantee daily guidelines for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) are met, and participation may not mitigate the risks associated with physical inactivity. The need to promote higher habitual MVPA engagement amongst children active in the youth sport context has therefore been underlined. Framed by self-determination theory, the aim of the present study was to examine the implications of the motivational climate created in youth sport, for children's daily engagement in MVPA and associated adiposity. Specifically, we sought to test a motivational sequence in which children's perceptions of an empowering coach-created motivational climate were related to autonomous and controlled motivation, which in turn predicted sport-related enjoyment. Finally, enjoyment was assumed to predict accelerometer assessed daily MVPA and, following this, adiposity.Methods: Male and female youth sport participants aged 9–16 years(n = 112) completed multi-section questionnaires assessing their perceptions of the motivational climate created in youth sport(i.e., autonomy supportive, task involving, socially supportive), autonomous and controlled motivation, and sport-related enjoyment. Daily MVPA engagement was determined via 7 days of accelerometry. Percent body fat(BF%) was estimated using bio-electrical impedance analysis.Results: Path analysis revealed perceptions of an empowering motivational climate positively predicted players' autonomous motivation, and in turn, sport-related enjoyment. Enjoyment was also significantly negatively related to players' BF%, via a positive association with daily MVPA.Conclusion: Fostering more empowering youth sport environments may hold implications for the prevention of excess adiposity, through encouraging higher habitual MVPA engagement. Findings may inform the optimal design of youth sport settings for MVPA promotion, and contribute towards associated healthy weight maintenance amongst youth active in this context. Longitudinal and intervention studies are required to confirm these results.

The Effects of a Community and School Sport-Based Program on Urban Indigenous Adolescents’ Life Skills and Physical Activity Levels: The <i>SCP</i>Case Study

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a community and school sport program (SCP) on Indigenous adolescents’ life skills and physical activity levels within program sessions. A secondary aim was to determine the acceptability of the SCP. Participants in the SCP (n = 34;89%) participated in a 10-week case study (age = 13.7 ± 1.16;58% girls). Systematic observations of SCP sessions were conducted to determine physical activity levels and a life skills questionnaire was implemented. Acceptability measures included retention, implementation, attendance rates, and interviews with participants [n = 18] and key stakeholders [n = 6]. Systematic observations indicated that Indigenous students were engaged in MVPA for 58% of lesson time. Participants’ life skills remained unchanged (p = 0.93). Interview data showed that Indigenous students and key stakeholders believed the SCP was acceptable. This study highlights the need for partnerships between Indigenous community organisations and schools to design sport-based programs to promote Indigenous adolescents’ MVPA.

Religious Involvement in Young Islamic Women Participation in Physical Education, Sports, and Physical Activities

This study is to identify the relationship between young Islamic women involvement in physical education,physical activities,and sports.Today,limited attention has been paid to the relationship of young female Muslims and sports.This relationship can be noted as a social problem,and therefore need a specific attention to this problem.This study examines how Muslim female students display their participation in physical education and sporting activities and how their Islamic background influences of the way of the precise their engagement with the field of sport.Being a Muslim young woman and participating in sport is getting as a challenge of their ethnic identities.So that the young Muslim women clearly positioning within the framework of their ethnic identities are not interested in sports because they not seen it as a respectable femininity.According to the previously reported guidelines and results,the methodology was constructing for this systematic review.All the original data in this article were collected from published articles in research gate and Google scholar.The articles were searched under the topics of“religious involvement in Muslim female’s physical education,sports and physical activities”and“Muslim Female Participation in Olympics”.Results show that the religious involvement has positive attitudes toward female participation but extensive parental influence important to the young Muslim women involvement in the sports field.This paper also expresses that Muslim girl’s participation in physical education,physical activity,and sports is less because they are in struggle between their identity as Muslims and dress codes as well as the sporting requirements and in the other hand mixing or interaction with the opposite gender and doing exercises on Ramadan.

Measuring Inclinations and Attitudes of University Teachers towards Sports Activities

The researcher wants to know the inclinations of the teachers in A1-Mustansiriyah University into participation in sports activities and the obstacles. The aims are to build measure of trends and tendencies toward university teachers about exercise and sporting activities and identify the reasons that prevent teachers from exercise. This measure contained on 25 open questions directed by the researcher toward the university teachers, and the distribution of the questions was on three areas： cognitive domain, behavioral domain and emotional domain. These areas have a relationship between tendencies and attitudes of teachers towards sports activities, in addition to the knowledge of the problems and obstacles that prevent this group from participating in sports activities. There is a lack of correlation between the desire to practice physical activity and the presence of a sports hall at the university in terms of statistics. The difficulties in the practice of sports activities, including economic, social and other factors, insecurity and instability exist. There is a good correlation between the previous practice of physical activity and the current desire to practice in terms of statistical activities.

Research on the Club Teaching Mode and the Applications on Modern Colleges and Universities Sports Teaching Activities

In this paper, we conduct research on the club teaching mode and the applications on the modern colleges and basic universities sports teaching activities. College sports belong to a part of the social sports and general social sports itself is done by sports socialization of people. College sports socialization is the inevitable developing trend of college sports, is also the objective requirement of the market economy condition school sports development. Sports club is a school sports development in the future and the typical group, through the college sports clubs and social communication, using many of the sports talents, science and technology strength and the advantage of sports facilities, sports market development colleges and universities. We propose the new perspectives of the issues that will promote the further development of the corresponding areas.

Impact of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis on exercise and sports participation: Patient and parent perspectives

BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)may limit physical activity due to intestinal or extraintestinal manifestations,fatigue,or exercise perception.We sought to evaluate the influence of IBD diagnosis on exercise and sports participation in a pediatric population.We compared patient-reported and parent-reported perspectives.AIM To evaluate the influence of IBD diagnosis on exercise and sports participation in a pediatric population.METHODS Consecutive IBD outpatients(aged 10-18 years)and their parents completed parallel voluntary surveys.A validated,patient-reported functional activity scale,the Hospital for Special Surgery Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale(HSS Pedi-FABS)was used to assess children’s activity levels.RESULTS There were 149 completed surveys(75%response rate)with mean participant age of 16.5 years[standard deviation(SD)=4.0]and mean age at IBD diagnosis of 11.8 years(SD=3.4).Most patients(77%)were diagnosed within 12 mo of symptom onset.Current athletic participation was reported in 65%across 65 sports.Participation was greatest before(40%)rather than after(32%)IBD diagnosis,with no reported change in 28%.IBD negatively impacted play/performance in 45%but did not change play/performance in 44%.IBD treatment improved patients’desire to exercise(70%)and subjective capacity for aerobic exercise(72%).Patients and parents agreed that IBD subjects demonstrate normal capacity for aerobic exercise(0.40,95%CI:0.22-0.58)and that treatment improved both participatory desire(0.33,95%CI:0.12-0.54)and capacity for aerobic exercise(0.52,95%CI:0.31-0.71).Almost all(99%)viewed exercise as healthy,and most encouraged its practice.IBD patients demonstrated normal mean HSS Pedi-FABS scores.CONCLUSION After pediatric IBD diagnosis,most patients continue exercise and sports,with mean activity levels comparable to American youth.Treatment positively impacts participatory desire and aerobic capacity.Patients favor the role of exercise in IBD.

Parents' participation in physical activity predicts maintenance of some,but not all, types of physical activity in offspring during early adolescence:A prospective longitudinal study

Purpose: We aimed to examine the longitudinal associations between parents' and youth's participation in physical activity(PA).Methods-: One hundred and ninety youth cuompleted self-admitiistered questionnaires 3 times per year from 2011 to 2015, and their parents completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire during a telephone interview once in2011-2012. Data on youth's and parents' activities were classified as interdependent or coactive/imdependent.Results: Youth with one or both parents who participated in interdependent activities were more likely to maintain participation in interdependent activities(hazard ratio(HR) = 3.63: 95% confidence interval(CI) = 1.30-10.17). Youth's sustained participation in coactive/independent activities was not associated with parents' participation in coactive/independent activities(HR= 0.97; 95%CI=0.46-2.06).Conclusion: Longitudinal associations between parents' and youth's participation in PA differed across type of PA. Encouraging parents' participation in interdependent activities may promote sustained participation in interdependent activities in youth.

Assessing effect of interaction between the FTO A/T polymorphism(rs9939609)and physical activity on obesity-related traits

Background： The first described obesity-susceptibility gene was the fat mass and obesity-associated （FTO） gene. However, knowledge about FTO＇s potential modifying effect on changes in body weight achieved through a training program is still limited. We decided to study the association between the FTO A/T polymorphism （rs9939609） and obesity-related traits. Additionally, we investigated whether body mass and body composition, as well as metabolic variables observed in physically active participants, are modulated by the FTO polymorphism. Methods： A group of 201 young Polish women were recruited for the study. The genotype distribution was examined in participants measured for selected changes before and after the completion of a 12-week training program. Results： Our results confirm the association between the common FTO A/T polymorphism and increased body mass index （BMI）. Subjects with AA and AT genotypes had higher BMI during the entire study period compared with the TT genotype. Although parameters such as BMI, basal metabolism rate, tissue independence, fat mass percentage, fat mass, fat-free mass, total body water, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose changed significantly during the training program, none of the examined parameters changed significantly across the FTO genotypes （genotype × training interaction）. Conclusion： We confirm an association between the FTO A/T polymorphism and increased BMI; this polymorphism is therefore a candidate for influencing obesity and other disease-related phenotypes. Although the gene x physical activity interaction was not shown, we want to point out that promoting physical activity is an important approach to controlling the increasing obesity epidemic.2018 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. （http：//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/）.

Measuring the effect of opportunity cost of time on participation in sports and exercise

Background: There is limited research on the association between opportunity cost of time and sports and exercise due to lack of data on opportunity cost of time. Using a sample of 14142 adults from Health Survey for England (2006), we develop and test a composite index of opportunity cost of time (to address the current issues with data constraint on opportunity cost of time) in order to explore the relationship between opportunity cost of time and sports participation. Methods: Probit regression models are fitted adjusting for a range of covariates. Opportunity cost of time is measured with two proxy measures: a) composite index (consisting of various indicators of wage earnings) constructed using principal component analysis;and b) education and employment, approach in the literature. We estimate the relative impact of the composite index compared with current proxy measures, on prediction of sports participation. Findings: Findings suggest that higher opportunity cost of time is associated with increased likelihood of sports participation, regardless of the time intensity of activity or the measure of opportunity cost of time used. The relative impacts of the two proxy measures are comparable. Sports and exercise was found to be positively correlated with income. Another important positive correlate of sports and exercise is participation in voluntary activity. The research and policy implications of our findings are discussed.

Influence of different sports on fat mass and lean mass in growing girls

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the effects of different sports(swimming, football, basketball, and handball) on fat mass and lean mass in prepubertal and pubertal girls.Methods: Two hundred girls(10.6 ± 1.5 years old, Tanner stages I–III) participated in the study and were divided into 5 groups: 40 swimmers, 40 football players, 40 basketball players, 40 handball players, and 40 controls. Fat and lean masses at whole body, arms, trunk, and legs were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA). Pubertal status was determined using Tanner test. Effects of different sports on fat and lean masses were assessed through analysis of covariance with height as covariates. Analyses were performed separately in 2 groups depending on the Tanner stage(prepubertal and pubertal).Results: The girls of the control group had less lean mass and more fat mass compared to the girls who play sports(p < 0.05). There were differences in body fat between sports. The swimmers and football players had less body fat(p < 0.05). On the other hand, handball players showed the highest values in lean mass(p < 0.05).Conclusion: Impact sports(football, basketball, and handball) and low-impact sports(swimming) provide an appropriate development of lean mass in growing girls. We can conclude that people practicing sports at early ages ensure a lower fat mass and higher lean mass compared to those who do not practice. These results may be useful as a preventive method of adult obesity.

Former athletes’ lifestyle and self-definition changes after retirement from sports

Background:Every high-level athlete will eventually see his or her sport career come to an end.Most former athletes will experience changes in their self-definition and everyday behaviors as they accept a nonathletic way of life.The present study aimed to identify discrepancies between actual and former athletes regarding athletic identity,physical activity(PA),and nutrition habits.Methods:Actual athletes(AA;n=122),former athletes(FA;n=230),and nonathletes(NA;n=74)were asked to complete an online questionnaire on athletic identity,duration and intensity levels of occupational and leisure time PA,and nutritional habits.Results:FA healthy nutrition score was the lowest of the 3 groups and significantly different from that of AA.Athletic identity and intense and moderate PA during leisure time consistently decreased(p<0.01)across the 3 groups(AA>FA>NA).No significant difference between FA and NA was found regarding either nutritional habits or type of PA.Conclusion:Sport retirement may affect FA quality of nutritional habits that tends to decline below the NA level,as well as the amount of time spent practicing physical activities during leisure time.Athletic status does not ensure PA practice during sport postcareer.

Are we leveling the playing field？ Trends and disparities in sports participation among sexual minority youth in Canada

Purpose: Sports participation and physical fitness are widely beneficial for young people, yet activity levels among young people are declining.Despite growing popular media attention on the participation of sexual minority(e.g., lesbian, gay, and bisexual) youth in sports and various campaigns to improve the often homophobic climate of sports, there is limited evidence that sexual minority youth participate in sports. Our aim was to provide a current portrait of sports participation among 3 groups of sexual minority youth(e.g., lesbian, gay, and bisexual) in British Columbia, Canada, as well as to document population trends.Methods: Pooled population-level data from British Columbia, Canada(n = 99,373) were used to examine trends and disparities in sports participation among sexual minority and heterosexual youth. Age-adjusted logistic regression models were used to examine changes in participation over time and disparities in participation over time(1998—2013).Results: We found an overall decline in sports participation and physical activity(PA) for all youth. Sexual minority students were less likely to participate in formal sports(with a coach) and informal sports(without a coach) compared with their heterosexual peers. The disparity in participating in informal sports between heterosexual and sexual minority youth has narrowed over time for some sexual orientation groups, whereas the disparity in participating in formal sports has widened over time in some cases.Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive examination of sports participation among sexual minority youth over the past 15 years.Despite changing societal attitudes and laudable efforts to reduce homophobia in sports, results suggest that there are continued barriers to participation for sexual minority youth. Further research is needed to understand the factors that limit sports participation for these youth and to inform program development. PA is critical to lifelong health and well-being, and thus continued efforts are needed to increase the sports participation of sexual minority youth in particular.

Aging Effects on Neuromuscular Activity in Karate Practitioners

Aging leads to a general decline in body functions that affects quality of life. Sports practice is recommended as a means to attenuate the impact of the aging process. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the neuromuscular activity and its patterns on active karate practitioners and assess the effects of the aging process. Two groups of black belt male karate practitioners, one with nine practitioners over 50 years old and the other with 21 practitioners aged between 20-30 years old performed the frontal kick mae-geri. Kinematic and electromyographic data of five muscles were collected from the right leg. Results showed two distinct periods of muscular activation in the mae-geri performance, with similar muscles activity patterns between groups. Nevertheless, some differences were found in the muscles＇ activity onset and offset, in root mean square and in inter-muscle delay and co-contraction periods. Those differences indicated that aging affects the neuromuscular activity in the mae-geri performance of the oldest karate practitioners. Nevertheless, the results showed that lifelong practice of karate can preserve the quality of the neuromuscular activity in older practitioners when they perform a kick, and this could be associated with benefits to balance control.

German Labor Sports Movement in Slovakia and Its Orientation in Period 1918-1938

This is a study of German Labor Sport organizations and unions in Slovakia in the time parameters area 1918-1938 German workers living in Slovakia started to found their own union after 1918. They got a strong support from similar organizations of German workers living in Sudety. The coordinating role was played by the German Socio-Democratic party in Slovakia. The major concentration of these unions was in Bratislava and Eastern Slovakia. Concerning their specialized field, they can be divided into tourism-practising, physical and sport ones However, the union activities were strongly influenced by political parties. Activities of every union were regional and therefore a strong mutual isolation existed

新时代社区体育发展权实现的理论逻辑及其策略

从法理视角诠释体育发展权的本质内涵,探析社区体育发展权实现的理论逻辑,分析社区体育发展权实现的现实困境,并提出社区体育发展权实现的应对策略。研究认为:社区体育发展权的理论基础是发展权理论和人民中心思想理论。社区体育发展权的实现逻辑包括自主活动、组织活动和维权救济三个层面。其中,自主活动的实现逻辑强调个体的主观能动性;组织活动的实现逻辑注重外在的客观规律性;救济维权的实现逻辑要求完善权利救济机制。社区体育发展权实现的困境表现在社区人群体育权利意识淡薄、体育基础设施相对匮乏、体育治理机制协同失调和救济机制不够完善四个方面。建议发挥宣传机制效用,提升社区人群的体育发展权利意识;完备体育基础设施,确保社区体育发展权实现的基础条件;优化体育治理机制,提升社区体育发展权实现的治理能力;完善权利救济机制,拓展社区体育发展权实现的维权路径。