EXACT SOLUTIONS OF THE VARIABLE COEFFICIENT KdV AND SG TYPE EQUATIONS

In this paper,the variable cofficient KdV equation with dissipative loss and nonuniformity terms and the variable coefficient SG equation with nonuniformity term are studied. The exact solutions of the KdV and SG equations are obtained.In particular,the soliton solutions of two equations are found. Received November 25,1996.Revised June 30,1997.1991 MR Subject Classification:35Q53.

Exact Solutions of Forced Schrödinger Equation and How to Choose the External Forces

Schrödinger equations are very common equations in physics and mathematics for nonlinear physics to model the dynamics of wave propagation in waveguides such as power lines, atomic chains, optical fibers, and even in quantum mechanics. But all these equations are most often studied without worrying about what would happen if this equation were maintained, that is to say, had a second member synonymous with an external force. It is true that on a physical level, such equations can be considered as describing the generation of waves on a waveguide using an external force. However, the in-depth analysis of this aspect is not at the center of our reflection in this article, but for us, it is a question of proposing exact solutions to this type of equation and above all proposing the general form of the external force so that the obtaining exact solutions is possible.

Infinite Sequence Soliton-Like Exact Solutions of (2 + 1)-Dimensional Breaking Soliton Equation

To seek new infinite sequence soliton-like exact solutions to nonlinear evolution equations （NEE（s））, by developing two characteristics of construction and mechanization on auxiliary equation method, the second kind of elliptie equation is highly studied and new type solutions and Backlund transformation are obtained. Then （2＋ l ）-dimensional breaking soliton equation is chosen as an example and its infinite sequence soliton-like exact solutions are constructed with the help of symbolic computation system Mathematica, which include infinite sequence smooth soliton-like solutions of Jacobi elliptic type, infinite sequence compact soliton solutions of Jacobi elliptic type and infinite sequence peak soliton solutions of exponential function type and triangular function type.

New exact solutions for free vibrations of rectangular thin plates by symplectic dual method

The separation of variables is employed to solve Hamiltonian dual form of eigenvalue problem for transverse free vibrations of thin plates, and formulation of the natural mode in closed form is performed. The closed-form natural mode satisfies the governing equation of the eigenvalue problem of thin plate exactly and is applicable for any types of boundary conditions. With all combinations of simplysupported （S） and clamped （C） boundary conditions applied to the natural mode, the mode shapes are obtained uniquely and two eigenvalue equations are derived with respect to two spatial coordinates, with the aid of which the normal modes and frequencies are solved exactly. It was believed that the exact eigensolutions for cases SSCC, SCCC and CCCC were unable to be obtained, however, they are successfully found in this paper. Comparisons between the present results and the FEM results validate the present exact solutions, which can thus be taken as the benchmark for verifying different approximate approaches.

New Family of Exact Solutions and Chaotic Soltions of Generalized Breor-Kaup System in （2＋1）-Dimensions via an Extended Mapping Approach

Starting from an extended mapping approach, a new type of variable separation solution with arbitrary functions of generalized (2+1)-dimensional Broer-Kaup system (GBK) system is derived. Then based on the derived solitary wave solution, we obtain some specific chaotic solitons to the (2+1)-dimensional GBK system.

New Exact Travelling Wave Solutions for Generalized Zakharov-Kuzentsov EquationsUsing General Projective Riccati Equation Method

Applying the generalized method, which is a direct and unified algebraic method for constructing multipletravelling wave solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), and implementing in a computer algebraicsystem, we consider the generalized Zakharov-Kuzentsov equation with nonlinear terms of any order. As a result, wecan not only successfully recover the previously known travelling wave solutions found by existing various tanh methodsand other sophisticated methods, but also obtain some new formal solutions. The solutions obtained include kink-shapedsolitons, bell-shaped solitons, singular solitons, and periodic solutions.

Invariant Sets and Exact Solutions to Higher-Dimensional Wave Equations

The invariant sets and exact solutions of the （1 ＋ 2）-dimensional wave equations are discussed. It is shown that there exist a class of solutions to the equations which belong to the invariant set E0 = {u ： ux = vxF（u）,uy = vyF（u） }. This approach is also developed to solve （1 ＋ N）-dimensional wave equations.

A method for constructing exact solutions and application to Benjamin Ono equation

By using an improved projective Riccati equation method, this paper obtains several types of exact travelling wave solutions to the Benjamin Ono equation which include multiple soliton solutions, periodic soliton solutions and Weierstrass function solutions. Some of them are found for the first time. The method can be applied to other nonlinear evolution equations in mathematical physics.

The Jacobi elliptic function-like exact solutions to two kinds of KdV equations with variable coefficients and KdV equation with forcible term

By use of an auxiliary equation and through a function transformation, the Jacobi elliptic function wave-like solutions, the degenerated soliton-like solutions and the triangle function wave solutions to two kinds of Korteweg de Vries （KdV） equations with variable coefficients and a KdV equation with a forcible term are constructed with the help of symbolic computation system Mathematica, where the new solutions are also constructed.

New Exact Solutions and Conservation Laws to （3＋1）-Dimensional Potential-YTSF Equation

Using the modified find some new exact solutions to Lie point symmetry groups and also get conservation laws, of the CK＇s direct method, we build the relationship between new solutions and old ones and the （3＋1）-dimensional potentiaial-YTSF equation. Baaed on the invariant group theory, Lie symmetries of the （3＋1）-dimensional potential-YTSF equation are obtained. We equation with the given Lie symmetry.

Symmetry, Reductions and New Exact Solutions of ANNV Equation Through Lax Pair

In this paper, the direct symmetry method is extended to the Lax pair of the ANNV equation. As a result, symmetries of the Lax pair and the ANNV equation are obtained at the same time. Applying the obtained symmetry, the （2＋1）-dimensional Lax pair is reduced to （1＋1）-dimensional Lax pair, whose compatibility yields the reduction of the ANNV equation. Based on the obtained reductions of the ANNV equation, a lot of new exact solutions for the ANNV equation are found. This shows that for an integrable system, both the symmetry and the reductions can be obtained through its corresponding Lax pair.

Symmetry Groups and New Exact Solutions to （2＋1）-Dimensional Variable Coefficient Canonical Generalized KP Equation

In this paper, the modified CK＇s direct method to find symmetry groups of nonlinear partial differential equation is extended to （2＋1）-dimensional variable coeffficient canonical generalized KP （VCCGKP） equation. As a result, symmetry groups, Lie point symmetry group and Lie symmetry for the VCCGKP equation are obtained. In fact, the Lie point symmetry group coincides with that obtained by the standard Lie group approach. Applying the given Lie symmetry, we obtain five types of similarity reductions and a lot of new exact solutions, including hyperbolic function solutions, triangular periodic solutions, Jacobi elliptic function solutions and rational solutions, for the VCCGKP equation.

EXACT SOLUTIONS FOR GENERAL VARIABLE-COEFFICIENT KdV EQUATION

By asing the nonclassical method of symmetry reductions, the exact solutions for general variable coefficient KdV equation with dissipative loss and nonuniformity terms are obtained. When the dissipative loss and nonuniformity terms don't exist, the multisoliton solutions are found and the corresponding Painleve II type equation for the variable coefficient KdV equation is given.

New exact solitary wave solutions to generalized mKdV equation and generalized Zakharov-Kuzentsov equation

In this paper, based on hyperbolic tanh-function method and homogeneous balance method, and auxiliary equation method, some new exact solitary solutions to the generalized mKdV equation and generalized Zakharov-Kuzentsov equation are constructed by the method of auxiliary equation with function transformation with aid of symbolic computation system Mathematica. The method is of important significance in seeking new exact solutions to the evolution equation with arbitrary nonlinear term.

A New Rational Algebraic Approach to Find Exact Analytical Solutions to a （2＋1）-Dimensional System

In this paper, we present a new rational algebraic approach to uniformly construct a series of exact analytical solutions for nonlinear partial differential equations. Compared with most existing tanh methods and other sophisticated methods, the proposed method not only recovers some known solutions, but also finds some new and general solutions. The solutions obtained in this paper include rational form triangular periodic wave solutions, solitary wave solutions, and elliptic doubly periodic wave solutions. The efficiency of the method can be demonstrated on （2＋1）-dimensional dispersive long-wave equation.

A hyperbolic function approach to constructing exact solitary wave solutions of the Hybrid lattice and discrete mKdV lattice

Some new exact solitary wave solutions of the Hybrid lattice and discrete mKdV lattice are obtained by using a hyperbolic function approach. This approach can also be applied to other nonlinear differential-difference equations.

New Exact Solutions for （2＋1）-Dimensional Breaking Soliton Equation

New exact solutions in terms of the Jacobi elliptic functions are obtained to the (2+1)-dimensional breakingsoliton equation by means of the modified mapping method. Limit cases are studied, and new solitary wave solutionsand triangular periodic wave solutions are obtained.

Exact Solutions of VNE: A Survey

Network virtualization is an enabling technology of running multiple virtual networks on a shared substrate network. It aims to deal with the ossification of current network architecture. As a crucial component of network virtualization, virtual network embedding(VNE) can efficiently and effectively allocates the substrate resource to proposed virtual network requests. According to the optimization strategy, VNE approaches can be classified into three categories: exact, heuristic and meta-heuristic solution. The VNE exact solution is the foundation of its corresponding heuristic and meta-heuristic solutions. This paper presents a survey of existing typical VNE exact solutions, and open problems for the future research of VNE exact solutions are proposed.

An Algebraic Method for Constructing Exact Solutions to Difference-Differential Equations

In this paper, we present a method to solve difference differential equation（s）. As an example, we apply this method to discrete KdV equation and Ablowitz-Ladik lattice equation. As a result, many exact solutions are obtained with the help of Maple including soliton solutions presented by hyperbolic functions sinh and cosh, periodic solutions presented by sin and cos and rational solutions. This method can also be used to other nonlinear difference-differential equation（s）.

Symmetries and Exact Solutions of the Breaking Soliton Equation

With the aid of the classical Lie group method and nonclassical Lie group method,we derive the classicalLie point symmetry and the nonclassical Lie point symmetry of (2+1)-dimensional breaking soliton (BS)equation.Usingthe symmetries,we find six classical similarity reductions and two nonclassical similarity reductions of the BS equation.Varieties of exact solutions of the BS equation are obtained by solving the reduced equations.