Effectiveness of Histopathological Examination of Ultrasound-guided Puncture Biopsy Samples for Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of histopathological examination of ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy samples in extrapulmonary tuberculosis(EPTB).Methods This study was conducted at the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center.A total of 115patients underwent ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy,followed by MGIT 960 culture(culture),smear,Gene Xpert MTB/RIF(Xpert),and histopathological examination.These assays were performed to evaluate their effectiveness in diagnosing EPTB in comparison to two different diagnostic criteria:liquid culture and composite reference standard(CRS).Results When CRS was used as the reference standard,the sensitivity and specificity of culture,smear,Xpert,and histopathological examination were(44.83%,89.29%),(51.72%,89.29%),(70.11%,96.43%),and(85.06%,82.14%),respectively.Based on liquid culture tests,the sensitivity and specificity of smear,Xpert,and pathological examination were(66.67%,72.60%),(83.33%,63.01%),and(92.86%,45.21%),respectively.Histopathological examination showed the highest sensitivity but lowest specificity.Further,we found that the combination of Xpert and histopathological examination showed a sensitivity of 90.80%and a specificity of 89.29%.Conclusion Ultrasound-guided puncture sampling is safe and effective for the diagnosis of EPTB.Compared with culture,smear,and Xpert,histopathological examination showed higher sensitivity but lower specificity.The combination of histopathology with Xpert showed the best performance characteristics.

Research on the Evaluation of the Implementation Effect of Curriculum Examination Reform: Taking the Course of “Introduction to Language” as an Example

“Introduction to Language,”as the core course of the English major,mainly reveals the basic laws of language,enabling the students to have the ability to apply linguistic theories to explain language phenomena and solve specific language problems.This course is highly theoretical and has a certain degree of difficulty.The evaluation of student grades has always been based on examination reform,but several problems have been encountered during the implementation process.This article analyzes the current situation of the reform and implementation of the“Introduction to Language”course examination in applied universities and puts forth suggestions and specific measures to improve the assessment of the course,aiming to enhance the teaching effectiveness of the course and scientifically and comprehensively evaluate students’abilities.

Analysis on the results of graduate examination for standardized medical residency training in general hospital---- Takes The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University as an example

[ 目的] 对昆明医科大学第一附属医院（ 以下简称昆医附一院）2016 -2017年住院医师规范化培训结 业综合考核结果进行分析和总结,查找培训过程中存在的问题,提出提高住院医师规范化培训质量的建议. [方法] 将云南省住院医师规范化培训管理平台中公布的昆医附-院2016 - 2017年住院医师规范化培训结业综 合考核的结果录入Excel, 按照考试站点各专业考核情况进行分类统计,并对数据进行分析.[结果] 各站点考 试的合格率分别为综合知识部分95.26%,辅助检查部分88.23%,病史采集部分97.64%,体格检查部分 96. 14% ,病例分析部分97.21%,临床操作部分94.21%,门诊病例书写部分97.42%,医患沟通部分98.07%. 各专业综合考核第-阶段的不合格率：最高的为泌尿外科63. 64 %,最低的为内科学6.25%.各专业综合考核 第二阶段的不合格率：最高的为神经内科33.33%,最低的为超声科6. 67 %.[结论] 结业考核结果中,除辅助 检查部分外,其余七站均达到90 %以上的合格率,说明辅助检查判读的部分是该院参培住院医师的薄弱环节, 应加强检查结果判读培训,以确保提高住院医师规范化培训的综合质量.

Agreement and conversion formula between mini-mental state examination and montreal cognitive assessment in an outpatient sample

AIM To explore the agreement between the mini-mental state examination(MMSE) and montreal cognitive assessment(Mo CA) within community dwelling older patients attending an old age psychiatry service and to derive and test a conversion formula between the two scales.METHODS Prospective study of consecutive patients attending outpatient services.Both tests were administered by the same researcher on the same day in random order.RESULTS The total sample(n = 135) was randomly divided into two groups.One to derive a conversion rule(n = 70),and a second(n = 65) in which this rule was tested.The agreement(Pearson's r) of MMSE and Mo CA was 0.86(P < 0.001),and Lin's concordance correlation coefficient(CCC) was 0.57(95%CI:0.45-0.66).In the second sample Mo CA scores were converted to MMSE scores according to a conversion rule from the first sample which achieved agreement with the original MMSE scoresof 0.89(Pearson's r,P < 0.001) and CCC of 0.88(95%CI:0.82-0.92).CONCLUSION Although the two scales overlap considerably,the agreement is modest.The conversion rule derived herein demonstrated promising accuracy and warrants further testing in other populations.

An Investigation of the Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Osteoporosis Based on Chinese Health Examination Data

Objective Because of the limited number of studies and small sample sizes,whether metabolic syndrome(MS)leads to the occurrence and progression of osteoporosis and the possible underlying mechanisms require further investigation.This study aimed to investigate the association between MS and osteoporosis,along with its influencing factors.Methods This observational cross-sectional study included 139,470 individuals aged≥18 years who underwent health examinations from September 2014 to March 2022.Based on bone mineral density(BMD)screening results,the participants were categorized into a suspected osteoporosis or non-osteoporosis group(control).Participants were further divided into those who met 0 MS criteria,1 MS criterion,2 MS criteria,and≥3 MS criteria(MS group).Participants who had undergone health examinations at least twice formed the follow-up cohort;a self-matched analysis was performed on those with follow-up periods≥5 years and unchanged MS grouping.Results Several examination indicators in the suspected osteoporosis group showed statistically significant differences compared with the control group.The proportion of suspected osteoporosis in the MS group was significantly increased compared with that in the 0 MS criteria group(odds ratio[OR]:1.215,Z=29.11,P<0.001,95%confidence interval:1.199-1.231).After adjusting for age,sex,smoking,and alcohol consumption,the 2 MS criteria group and MS group still had OR values>1(P<0.001).In the follow-up cohort,the proportion of suspected osteoporosis increased gradually with an increase in the number of MS criteria met at baseline and during each follow-up visit(P<0.05),with the highest proportion observed in the MS group.However,the proportion of suspected osteoporosis did not increase significantly over time in the different MS groups(P>0.05).In the follow-up cohort,the proportion of individuals transitioning from normal BMD to suspected osteoporosis was higher in the MS group after≥5 years of follow-up compared with the group meeting 0 MS criteria(0.08%versus 1.15%,χ^(2)=10.76,P=0.001).There was no significant difference in BMD values for the 0 MS criteria group after 5 years(P>0.05),whereas the other three groups experienced a significant decrease in BMD values after 5 years(P<0.05).Conclusion MS is an independent risk factor for osteoporosis,and the effect of risk factors related to MS on osteoporosis may exceed that of aging alone.The specific mechanisms warrant further investigation.

Linear endoscopic ultrasound:Current uses and future perspectives in mediastinal examination

This editorial elaborates on the current and future applications of linear endoscopic ultrasound(EUS),a substantial diagnostic and therapeutic modality for various anatomical regions.The scope of endosonographic assessment is broad and,among other factors,allows for the evaluation of the mediastinal anatomy and related pathologies,such as mediastinal lymphadenopathy and the staging of central malignant lung lesions.Moreover,EUS assessment has proven more accurate in detecting small lesions missed by standard imaging examinations,such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.We focus on its current uses in the mediastinum,including lung and esophageal cancer staging,as well as evaluating mediastinal lymphadenopathy and submucosal lesions.The editorial also explores future perspectives of EUS in mediastinal examination,including ultrasound-guided therapies,artificial intelligence integration,advancements in mediastinal modalities,and improved diagnostic approaches for various mediastinal lesions.

An Empirical Study of the Socratic Method in Nongraded English Teaching in Senior High School Under the Background of the New National College Entrance Examination

With the reform of the New National College Entrance Examination(Gaokao),the nongraded education will become an inevitable trend.In senior high school,the traditional test-oriented education is popular.The knowledge is mainly taught by the teachers,and the students passively absorb it.This study examines a problem-oriented Socratic experiment in nongraded English teaching in senior high school.The teachers seek output from students,who respond by interpreting questions,fostering critical thinking,and enhancing problem-solving skills.This teaching experiment indicates that the Socratic method has a significant positive effect on cultivating nongraded senior high English students’critical thinking under the New National College Entrance Examination.

Profile of Radiological Examinations in the Radiology and Medical Imaging Department of the Medical Clinic “KALALE” in Mali

Introduction: Radiology and medical imaging examinations bring together the means of acquiring and restoring images of the human body from different physical phenomena such as the absorption of X-rays, nuclear magnetic resonance, reflection of ultrasound waves or radioactivity, with which we sometimes associate optical imaging techniques such as endoscopy. The objective of our study was to study the profile of radiological examinations in the radiology and medical imaging department of the “KALALE” medical clinic. Methodology: This was a descriptive, prospective study that took place over a period of six (6) months in the radiology and medical imaging department of the “KALALE” medical clinic and the centers of health of communes III and IV of Bamako in Mali. Data collection was carried out on a survey form. The parameters studied were sociodemographic data, clinical data, radiological data. Results: We recorded 6030 radiology examinations of which 19% of the examination frequency cases came from the “KALALE” medical clinic and 81% of the cases were referrals from the reference health centers of communes III and IV. There were 1500 X-rays or 24.9% of cases including 54% cases of bone X-rays;5% of cases of skull and face X-rays;5% of cases of Intravenous Urography (IVU);4% of cases of Hysterosalpingography (HSG);3% of cases of Retrograde Ureterocystography (UCR) and 1% of cases of X-ray of the Abdomen without preparation (ASP). We found 4530 ultrasounds or 75.1% of cases. Conclusion: Medical imaging has become essential in the study of the human body and now constitutes an essential tool for the detection and treatment of most pathologies, from simple fractures to the most serious tumors.

Improved Mechanism for Detecting Examinations Impersonations in Public Higher Learning Institutions: Case of the Mwalimu Nyerere Memorial Academy (MNMA)

Currently, most public higher learning institutions in Tanzania rely on traditional in-class examinations, requiring students to register and present identification documents for examinations eligibility verification. This system, however, is prone to impersonations due to security vulnerabilities in current students’ verification system. These vulnerabilities include weak authentication, lack of encryption, and inadequate anti-counterfeiting measures. Additionally, advanced printing technologies and online marketplaces which claim to produce convincing fake identification documents make it easy to create convincing fake identity documents. The Improved Mechanism for Detecting Impersonations (IMDIs) system detects impersonations in in-class exams by integrating QR codes and dynamic question generation based on student profiles. It consists of a mobile verification app, built with Flutter and communicating via RESTful APIs, and a web system, developed with Laravel using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. The two components communicate through APIs, with MySQL managing the database. The mobile app and web server interact to ensure efficient verification and security during examinations. The implemented IMDIs system was validated by a mobile application which is integrated with a QR codes scanner for capturing codes embedded in student Identity Cards and linking them to a dynamic question generation model. The QG model uses natural language processing (NLP) algorithm and Question Generation (QG) techniques to create dynamic profile questions. Results show that the IMDIs system could generate four challenging profile-based questions within two seconds, allowing the verification of 200 students in 33 minutes by one operator. The IMDIs system also tracks exam-eligible students, aiding in exam attendance and integrates with a Short Message Service (SMS) to report impersonation incidents to a dedicated security officer in real-time. The IMDIs system was tested and found to be 98% secure, 100% convenient, with a 0% false rejection rate and a 2% false acceptance rate, demonstrating its security, reliability, and high performance.

The Impact of Community-Based Awareness Campaigns on the Early Breast Examination among Women at King Faisal University

Background and Objective: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer between females in Saudi Arabia, the eastern area ranked as the first in the incidence rate. As the breast cancer awareness movement has expanded, majority of the new cases are still diagnosed in a later stage. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of breast cancer awareness campaigns on the knowledge and practice of early breast examination (EBE) which consisted of breast-self examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammography, among women at King Faisal University. Methodology: A cross-sectional study carried out at King Faisal University, Al-Hassa city on a sample of 300 adult females from different urban and rural areas. A pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the participants. The questionnaire contains questions about: socio-demographic factors, awareness campaigns, practice and knowledge of breast cancer and early screening methods. Results: The age of the participants ranged from 16 to 60 years;53% of the participants have attended campaigns;and 47% have never attended. Regarding the practice of BSE, CBE and mammography, the results were 8.8%, 3.3%, and 4.3%, respectively. The results show a significant relation between attending campaigns and good level of practice and knowledge. Conclusion and Recommendation: The findings indicate a great impact of the community-based awareness campaigns on the practice of EBE. The study recommends a multilevel intervention for every age group, specially the age group that at risk.

Awareness of breast cancer risk factors and practice of breast self examination among female undergraduates in university of Nigeria Enugu campus

Breast cancer patients generally have low rates of survival due to being diagnosed at advanced stages raising critical issues about prevention and avoidance of risk factors. Breast self examination makes women more “breast aware”, which in turn may lead to an earlier diagnosis of breast cancer. In Nigeria, the statistics of breast cancer have overtaken cancer of the cervix to become the commonest malignancy in women. This study was carried out to determine the awareness of breast cancer risk factors and practice of breast self examination among female students of the University of Nigeria Enugu Campus. The descriptive survey design was used for the study. The population of the study was all the female students that reside in hostels in the campus (2400) in number. A sample of 240 students was selected using quota sampling technique. Structured questionnaires based on the research objectives were used for data collection. The results of the study showed that most of the students have little knowledge of breast cancer risk factors and majority of the students do not practice BSE monthly. It was recommended that there should be regular organization of seminars and workshops for students to address sensitive topics like breast cancer risk factors and breast self examination.

A Cross-cultural Examination of the Noise-sensitivity Scale-short Form:Measurement Invariance Testing between the US and Chinese Samples

Unwanted sound that is unpleasant or disruptive to hear, often interpreted as noise, is a widespread environmental pollutant. Similar to other environmental pollutants, this noise incurs a variety of costs to society. Numerous negative health impacts are linked to increases in noise exposure,such as increased cardiovascular risk;and sleep

Awareness, Practice and Intention to Practice Testicular Self-Examination among Professional Working Males in Ghana

Background: The aetiology of Testicular Cancer (TC) is still unknown to researchers but many of the associated risk factors have been identified. These include family history, age, racial origin, cryptorchidism, urogenital malformations, testicular atrophy, and infertility. Given the lack of scientific data on the causes of the disease, it has been asserted in previous studies that the promotion of awareness and early detection are prerequisites to mitigating risks of metastasis as well as improving survival. This study is to assess the awareness, practice, and intention to practice testicular self-examination among professional working males in Accra. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional design with a structured research instrument was used to collect data from respondants. The purposive and convenience sampling techniques were used to collect data from 300 men at Accra in Ghana. The study was conducted at two (2) Universities and a Senior High school at Accra in Ghana. The data was then analysed using descriptive statistics, logistic regression, multiple linear regression, and structural equation modeling. Results: From the study findings, 37% of male participants rated their knowledge of testicular self-examination and related symptoms as good, 28% of participants practised testicular self-examination monthly, while 65% of respondents expressed their intention to practice monthly testicular self-examination. The findings from logistic regression demonstrated that level of education, age, and marital status of participants had a significant influence on testicular self-examination. Additionally, the multiple linear regression results revealed knowledge and self-efficacy significantly predict testicular self-examination intention. The path coefficient results from the structural equation model are consistent with results from the regression models. Conclusion: This research is the first to investigate testicular self-examination among men in Ghana. The findings revealed awareness and practice of TSE are low among participants. Therefore, the research findings would improve the expertise of physicians and nurses in providing counsel, intervention, and support for patients at risk of testicular cancer.

A Physical Examination Method for Artificial Rainfall Effect Based on Radar Data

[Objective] This study aimed to establish a physical examination method for artificial rainfall effect based on radar data. [Method] The radar base data of Shenyang was processed with interpolation by using the nearest neighbor in radial and oriental direction to establish corresponding response variables, and the effect of a precipitation enhancement case was analyzed. [Result] The trends of response variables showed that there was certain positive effect of the precipitation enhancement operation. [Conclusion] The analysis on a case was not sufficient enough, and statistical test should be the future direction of the study on the physical effect.

人参皂苷Rc通过调控AMPK通路介导的细胞焦亡减轻小鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤

目的:探讨人参皂苷Rc对脑缺血再灌注损伤(CIRI)小鼠的保护作用,并从细胞焦亡角度阐释其作用机制。方法:将C57BL/6小鼠随机分为假手术(sham)组、大脑中动脉闭塞/再灌注(MCAO/R)组、人参皂苷Rc+MCAO/R组(Rc组)、AMP活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)激动剂阿卡地新(AICAR)+MCAO/R组(agonist组)和人参皂苷Rc+MCAO/R+AMPK抑制剂Compound C组(Rc+inhibitor组)。对agonist组小鼠给予AICAR(500 mg/kg)腹腔注射,Rc+inhibitor组小鼠给予Compound C(20 mg/kg)腹腔注射;Rc组和Rc+inhibitor组小鼠造模后给予人参皂苷Rc(40 mg/kg)灌胃,每天一次,连续7 d;sham组和MCAO/R组则给予等体积的纯化水。Zea Longa评分观察小鼠神经功能缺损程度,TTC染色观察小鼠脑梗死体积,干湿重法观察小鼠脑水肿程度,HE染色观察小鼠脑组织病理形态的改变,RT-qPCR和Western blot检测小鼠脑组织AMPK、核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)、胱天蛋白酶1(caspase-1)和焦亡效应蛋白消皮素D(GSDMD)的表达,ELISA检测炎症因子白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)和IL-18的含量。结果:Rc组和agonist组小鼠神经功能缺损症状减轻,脑梗死体积减小,脑水肿和神经元病理损伤受到抑制,脑组织pAMPK/AMPK比值和AMPK mRNA表达水平升高,细胞焦亡相关蛋白NLRP3、caspase-1和GSDMD的mRNA和蛋白表达水平降低,炎症因子IL-1β和IL-18表达水平降低。Rc+inhibitor组小鼠脑组织p-AMPK/AMPK比值和AMPK mRNA表达水平较Rc组显著下降(P<0.05),NLRP3、caspase-1和GSDMD的mRNA和蛋白表达水平,以及IL-1β和IL-18表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),小鼠神经功能缺损程度评分升高,脑梗死体积增大,脑水肿和神经元病理损伤显著加重(P<0.05)。结论:人参皂苷Rc可能通过活化AMPK通路抑制NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD介导的细胞焦亡,从而减轻小鼠CIRI。

黄芩苷调节cAMP/PKA/CREB信号通路对湿疹大鼠皮肤屏障功能的影响

目的探讨黄芩苷(BA)调节环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)/蛋白激酶A(PKA)/cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)通路对湿疹大鼠皮肤屏障功能的影响。方法将SD大鼠随机分为对照组(NC组)、Model组、低剂量BA组(BA-L组,25 mg/kg)、中剂量BA组(BA-M组,50 mg/kg)、高剂量BA组(BA-H组,100 mg/kg)、泼尼松组(PNS组,25 mg/kg)、BAH+cAMP抑制剂(SQ22536)组(100 mg/kg+2.13 mg/kg)、BA-H+PKA抑制剂(H-89)组(100 mg/kg+5 mg/kg),每组12只。除NC组外,其余组大鼠均构建湿疹大鼠模型。建模成功2 d后,分组进行给药处理。检测湿疹面积及严重度指数(EASI)评分、经皮肤水分流失量(TEWL)、角质层含水量(WCSC)变化;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测大鼠血清中免疫球蛋白E(IgE)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)水平及大鼠背部受试区皮损组织中c AMP蛋白表达;HE染色检测大鼠背部受试区皮损组织病理变化;Western blot检测大鼠背部受试区皮损组织中水通道蛋白3(AQP3)、cathelicidin相关抗菌肽(CRAMP)、p-PKA、p-CREB蛋白表达。结果与NC组比较,Model组大鼠背部受试区皮损组织病理损伤严重,EASI评分、TEWL、IgE、IL-4水平升高,WCSC、IFN-γ水平、AQP3、CRAMP、cAMP、p-PKA、p-CREB蛋白水平降低(P<0.05)。与Model组比较,BA-L组、BA-M组、BA-H组、PNS组大鼠背部受试区皮损组织病理损伤减轻,EASI评分、TEWL、IgE、IL-4水平降低,WCSC、IFN-γ水平、AQP3、CRAMP、cAMP、p-PKA、p-CREB蛋白水平升高(P<0.05);且BA-L组、BA-M组、BA-H组上述指标变化呈剂量依赖性。SQ22536或H-89减弱了高剂量BA对湿疹大鼠皮肤屏障功能的改善作用。结论BA可能通过激活cAMP/PKA/CREB信号通路改善湿疹大鼠皮肤屏障功能。

谈谈与examination搭配的词语

本文结合相关辞书,概述与examination相关的表达。1.用prepare/revise/studyfor等表示“为考试而准备”“复习迎考”“温习备考”。例如:We are preparing for the examination next week.我们正在为下周的考试做准备。I do not have much time to revise for examinations.我没有很多时间复习迎考。Ineed time to study for tomorrow's exami nation.我需要时间学习,准备明天的考试。

基于NOD2介导的AMPK/mTOR信号通路探讨宫颈癌细胞恶性行为的机制

目的 基于核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域受体2(NOD2)介导的AMP活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)/雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)信号通路探讨宫颈癌(CC)细胞恶性行为的机制。方法 生物信息学分析确定NOD2在CC组织中的表达。将靶向NOD2(shNOD2)、shRNAs阴性对照(shNC)以及NOD2过表达(NOD2)质粒和载体(Vec)转染CC细胞。通过CCK-8测定、集落形成和Transwell细胞侵袭测定来确定NOD2对CC细胞生长的影响。通过高通量RNA测序(RNA-Seq)进行转录组分析。Western blot试验检测细胞系中NOD2、AMPK/mTOR信号通路和自噬蛋白的表达。24只雌性BALB/c裸鼠随机分为4组,每组6只:载体组(Vec组)、NOD2过表达组(NOD2组)、shNC组和shNOD2组。构建小鼠远处转移模型,监测肺转移的荧光强度,计数肺转移结节的数量。结果 在线数据库分析显示,NOD2在CC组织中表达明显高于正常组织,并且不同分期的CC中NOD2的mRNA表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。此外,NOD2的高表达与较差的总生存期和无病生存期相关(P<0.05)。NOD2过表达对CC细胞增殖、集落形成、迁移和侵袭具有促进作用,而NOD2敲低则相反。与体外结果一致,在转移的小鼠尾静脉注射模型中,NOD2组CC细胞的肺定殖、肺转移灶较Vec组增加(P<0.05),而shNOD2组CC细胞的肺定殖、肺转移灶较shNC组减少(P<0.05)。RNA-Seq结果显示NOD2表达与AMPK信号激活、mTOR信号抑制、自噬调节途径激活和自噬体形成显著相关。与shNC组相比,shNOD2组磷酸化AMPK、LC3蛋白表达水平减少(P<0.05),磷酸化mTOR、p62蛋白表达水平增加(P<0.05);与Vec组相比,NOD2组LC3、AMPK蛋白表达水平增加(P<0.05),磷酸化mTOR、p62蛋白表达水平减少(P<0.05)。与shNC组相比,shNOD2组GFP-mRFP-LC3的点积累减少(P<0.05);与Vec组相比,GFP-mRFP-LC3的点积累增加(P<0.05)。结论 NOD2可能通过AMPK/mTOR信号促进CC增殖、迁移和侵袭,其作用机制部分涉及自噬激活。

川陈皮素调节AMPK/NLRP3信号通路对脂多糖诱导的肾小球系膜细胞炎性损伤的影响

目的探讨川陈皮素(Nobiletin)调节AMP激活的蛋白激酶(AMPK)/NOD样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)信号通路对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的肾小球系膜细胞HBZY-1炎性损伤的影响。方法将HBZY-1细胞分为5组:正常组、LPS组(100 ng·m L^(-1)LPS)、川陈皮素组(100 ng·m L^(-1)LPS+40μmol·L^(-1)川陈皮素)、AMPK/NLRP3信号通路抑制剂雷帕霉素组(100 ng·m L^(-1)LPS+0.5μmol·L^(-1)雷帕霉素)、川陈皮素+雷帕霉素组(100 ng·m L^(-1)LPS+40μmol·L^(-1)川陈皮素+0.5μmol·L^(-1)雷帕霉素)。MTT法检测HBZY-1细胞毒性和增殖;ELISA法检测HBZY-1细胞白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;Western Blot法检测AMPK/NLRP3信号通路蛋白水平。结果与正常组比较,LPS组CAT、SOD、GSH水平、细胞OD值以及AMPK蛋白水平明显降低(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量以及NLRP3蛋白水平明显升高(P<0.05)。与LPS组比较,川陈皮素组CAT、SOD、GSH水平、OD值以及AMPK蛋白水平明显升高(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量以及NLRP3蛋白水平明显下降(P<0.05);而雷帕霉素组以上指标均呈现与川陈皮素组相反的趋势(P<0.05)。与川陈皮素组比较,川陈皮素+雷帕霉素组以上指标均呈现与川陈皮素组相反的趋势(P<0.05)。结论川陈皮素可能通过上调AMPK/NLRP3信号通路减轻LPS诱导的肾小球系膜细胞细胞炎性损伤。下调AMPK/NLRP3信号通路可消除川陈皮素对LPS诱导的肾小球系膜细胞细胞炎性损伤的改善作用。

基于AMPK/sirt1/RANKL/OPG通路研究补阳还五汤促进骨质疏松性骨折大鼠愈合的机制

目的基于AMP活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)/沉默信息调节因子(sirt)1/核转录因子(NF)-κB受体活化蛋白配体(RANKL)/骨保护素(OPG)信号通路,探究补阳还五汤促进骨质疏松性骨折大鼠骨折愈合的机制。方法将大鼠随机分成假手术组、模型组、补阳还五汤低剂量组(6.25 g/kg)、补阳还五汤中剂量组(12.50 g/kg)和补阳还五汤高剂量组(25.00 g/kg)。除假手术组外,其余组均构建骨质疏松性骨折模型,并给予相应剂量药物干预。检测大鼠骨密度(BMD)值、骨折愈合评分及骨痂体积;自动生化分析仪测定血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、骨钙素、钙和磷水平;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测股骨组织中的丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平;苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察各组大鼠骨痂组织的病理形态;Western印迹检测股骨组织中AMPK/sirt1/RANKL/OPG通路蛋白表达。结果与假手术组相比,模型组骨痂骨小梁分布稀疏,成骨细胞大量减少且有纤维组织生成,骨痂体积、血清中ALP、骨钙素、钙和磷水平及股骨组织中MDA水平、RANKL蛋白水平显著升高(P<0.05),BMD值、骨折愈合评分、骨组织中SOD和GSH-Px水平和AMPK、sirt1、OPG蛋白水平显著降低(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,补阳还五汤低、中、高剂量组骨痂骨小梁分布较为密集,成骨细胞增加,骨痂体积、血清中ALP、骨钙素、钙和磷水平及股骨组织中MDA水平、RANKL蛋白水平显著降低(P<0.05),BMD值、骨折愈合评分、骨组织中SOD和GSH-Px水平和AMPK、sirt1、OPG蛋白水平显著升高(P<0.05)。结论补阳还五汤可能通过抑制氧化应激反应,调节AMPK/sirt1/RANKL/OPG通路,发挥对骨质疏松骨折大鼠的治疗作用。