Construction Technology and Safety Risk Control Measures of Deep Foundation Pit Excavation

Deep foundation pit excavation is a basic and key step involved in modern building construction.In order to ensure the construction quality and safety of deep foundation pits,this paper takes a project as an example to analyze deep foundation pit excavation technology,including the nature of this construction project,the main technical measures in the construction of deep foundation pit,and the analysis of the safety risk prevention and control measures.The purpose of this analysis is to provide scientific reference for the construction quality and safety of deep foundation pits.

Deformation Control of Deep Excavation Pit and Numerical Simulation with Finite Element Method

The authors firstly introduce deformation control of deep excavation pit indetail, and then put forward new conceptions such as: effective coefficient of excavation pit,effective area, ineffective area and critical line, and also put forward the referential criteria ofdeformation control. The System of Optimization Design with Deformation Control of Deep ExcavationPit and Numerical Simulation with Finite Element Method (SDCDEFEM) is also briefly introduced.Factors influencing deformation of excavation pit are analyzed by the system. The measured andsimulated data of maximum deformations (settlement, displacement and upheaval) and their positionsare analyzed and discussed. The statistic formula estimating maximum deformations and theirpositions was gained, and economical-effective measures of deformation control were brought forward.

Deep Foundation Pit Excavations Adjacent to Disconnected Piled Rafts: A Review on Risk Control Practice

Foundation pit excavation engineering is an old subject full of decision making. Yet, it still deserves further research due to the associated high failure cost and the complexity of the geological conditions and/or the surrounding existing infrastructure around it. This article overviews the risk control practice of foundation pit excavation projects in close proximity to existing disconnected piled raft. More focus is given to geotechnical aspects. The review begins with achievements to ensure excavation performance requirements, and follows to discuss the complex soil structure interaction involved among the fundamental components: the retaining wall, mat, piles, cushion, and the soil. After bringing consensus points to practicing engineers and decision makers, it then suggests possible future research directions.

The Second Pit of Qinshihnang's Terra-cotta Army Undergoes Excavation

ＴｈｅＳｅｃｏｎｄＰｉｔｏｆＱｉｎｓｈｉｈｎａｎｇ＇ｓＴｅｒｒａ－ｃｏｔｔａＡｒｍｙＵｎｄｅｒｇｏｅｓＥｘｃａｖａｔｉｏｎＢｙｓｔａｆｆｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｒＣＨＥＮＪＩＡＮＩｎｗｈａｔｓｅｅｍｓｔｏｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎａｒａｔｈｅｒｍｅｇａｌｏｍａｎｉａｃａ...

Assessment of the Safety Impacts of a Pit Construction on the Neighboring Subway

In order to study the impact of pit excavation on the adjacent existing subway structure,the safety impact assessment of a project was carried out using project under construction near the subway as the engineering background.The results show that the new pit construction will produce some additional deformation on the existing subway interval structure,the deformation values are within the permissible range for safe operation.Through analysis of the results,the risk point rating of the pit adjacent to the interval is level 2.In general,the impacts of the pit construction on the neighboring subway structure are less than the specification limits.

Numerical evaluation of the ground response induced by dewatering in a multi-aquifer system

This study presents a numerical investigation of dewatering-induced settlement and wall deflection during pumping tests in Tianjin,China.Based on the measured groundwater head and building settlement during the pumping test,a three-dimensional liquid-solid coupling model is established by using the finite element method(FEM).The void ratio,hydraulic conductivity,and elastic modulus of each layer are back-calculated through the numerical model.The groundwater drawdown,seepage field,ground settlement,horizontal ground displacement,and diaphragm wall lateral deflection are analyzed using the FEM model.The simulated results demonstrate that(i)the maximum ground settlement outside of the excavation reaches to 82 mm due to the leakage effect of aquitards;(ii)large horizontal displacement occurs in the soil during the pumping test with a maximum value of 28.3 mm,and the installation of the diaphragm wall in the aquifer can reduce the horizontal displacement of the ground;(iii)long-term pumping causes a large lateral deflection of the diaphragm wall,and a maximum value of 23.2 mm occurs at the layer where the screens of the wells are located;and(iv)long-term large-scale pumping should be avoided before excavation.

Deformation analysis and safety assessment of existing metro tunnels affected by excavation of a foundation pit

The excavation of a foundation pit considerably affects the adjacent structures and underground pipelines owing to the change in the stress state of the surrounding soil,resulting in deformation.The study of an actual engineering case was conducted to examine the influence of excavation on the deformation of adjacent subway tunnels.The finite element analysis software PLAXIS 3D was used to simulate the entire excavation process.The structural design of the foundation pit was optimized based on the simulation results to ensure the stability of the foundation pit and the safety of the existing subway tunnel structure.Finally,the safety evaluation of the excavation of the foundation pit that caused the deformation of the adjacent subway tunnel was performed.The influence of the excavation and unloading of the foundation pit on the subway tunnel is closely related to the distance between the subway and the foundation pit,the amount of earthwork excavated at one time,and the engineering geological conditions.The results of this paper can provide useful reference for the design optimization and safety assessment of similar projects.

Influencing factors and control measures of excavation on adjacent bridge foundation based on analytic hierarchy process and finite element method

Many uncertain factors in the excavation process may lead to excessive lateral displacement or overlimited internal force of the piles,as well as inordinate settlement of soil surrounding the existing bridge foundation.Safety control is pivotal to ensuring the safety of adjacent structures.In this paper,an innovative method is proposed that combines an analytic hierarchy process(AHP)with a finite element method(FEM)to reveal the potential impact risk of uncertain factors on the surrounding environment.The AHP was adopted to determine key influencing factors based on the weight of each influencing factor.The FEM was used to quantify the impact of the key influencing factors on the surrounding environment.In terms of the AHP,the index system of uncertain factors was established based on an engineering investigation.A matrix comparing the lower index layer to the upper index layer,and the weight of each influencing factor,were calculated.It was found that the excavation depth and the distance between the foundation pit and the bridge foundation were fundamental factors.For the FEM,the FE baseline model was calibrated based on the case of no bridge surrounding the foundation pit.The consistency between the monitoring data and the numerical simulation data for a ground settlement was analyzed.FE simulations were then conducted to quantitatively analyze the degree of influence of the key influencing factors on the bridge foundation.Furthermore,the lateral displacement of the bridge pile foundation,the internal force of the piles,and the settlement of the soil surrounding the pile foundation were emphatically analyzed.The most hazardous construction condition was also determined.Finally,two safety control measures for increasing the numbers of support levels and the rooted depths of the enclosure structure were suggested.A novel method for combining AHP with FEM can be used to determine the key influencing aspects among many uncertain factors during a construction,which can provide some beneficial references for engineering design and construction.

Protection of cement-soil reinforced regions for adjacent running tunnels during pit excavation

In pit excavation,cement is introduced into ground by deep mixing method to form an improved soil raft below final formation level to diminish deflection of retaining wall and effect on surrounding structure.Owning to complicated site conditions and improper workmanship,there are always some regions left untreated in the embedded improved soil raft.In this work,Several schemes of cement-soil mixed piles arrangement are modeled in order to discuss the effect of different cement-soil reinforced regions on protection for adjacent running tunnels.Finite element results show that:when lateral regions above tunnels are not enhanced by cement-soil mixed piles,effect of enlarging vertical enhanced regions around tunnels on diminishing lateral displacement of tunnel is really small;enhancing the lateral regions next to retaining wall is more effective in reducing the deflection of tunnel and retaining wall;uplifting of tunnel under the middle pit mainly depends on lateral reinforced regions and lateral displacements of retaining wall;as cement-soil mixed piles near retaining wall in east pit are removed during east pit excavation,effect of cement-soil mixed piles in east pit on reducing the final wall deflection can be neglected;upward shaft resistances are exerted along left side of diaphragm wall during excavation,which helps to reduce the wall deflection;positive effect of single-head cement-soil mixed piles in east pit is to decreasing the uplifting of soil inside east pit.Double-head cement-soil mixed piles arranged in"T"shape decrease the effect of east pit excavation on tunnels under middle pit apparently.