基于PIT技术的老口航运枢纽鱼道通行效率及鱼类行为分析

PIT(passive integrated transponder)射频芯片跟踪作为一种监测方法,被广泛应用于鱼类洄游行为监测及评估鱼道过鱼效率。为了解鱼类在郁江老口航运枢纽鱼道的上溯速度、昼夜特征行为及鱼道通行效率等情况,从而为鱼道设计提供更多参考,该研究以优势种鲮(Cirrhinus molitorella)为试验对象,搭半双工(half duplex,HDX)PIT标记射频芯片跟踪系统,在鱼道中设置了5个监测断面。有效试验鱼共63尾,全部为野生个体,全长范围为16.00~23.50 cm,均值为(19.05±1.49)cm。试验发现,试验鱼在白天活动较为活跃,夜晚则处于休息状态;多数个体在标记放流后上行至第一个天线所需时间超过10 h;标记试验鱼通过整个鱼道的历时为648~5359 min,总通行效率为50.79%。研究可为国内过鱼设施通行效率量化及鱼道中鱼类上溯行为特征研究提供参考。

pit分型联合jnet分型在结直肠息肉病理分类诊断中的应用价值

目的:探究pit分型联合jnet分型在结直肠息肉病理分类判断中的应用价值。方法:选取102例结直肠息肉患者(共134个病灶)为研究对象,所有患者均接受内镜及病理检查。以病理诊断结果为金标准,比较pit分型、jnet分型对各病理分类结直肠息肉的诊断符合率。采用Kappa检验分析pit分型、jnet分型单独及联合诊断结直肠息肉性质的结果与病理诊断结果的一致性。结果:pit分型II型与病理诊断为非肿瘤性息肉的符合率为88.00%(22/25);IIIL型与病理诊断为管状腺瘤的符合率为91.38%(53/58);Ⅳ型与病理诊断为绒毛状腺瘤的符合率为80.00%(16/20);Ⅵ型与病理诊断为高级别上皮内瘤变(HGIN)/粘膜下浅层浸润癌(SM-s)的符合率为85.19%(23/27);VN型与病理诊断粘膜下深层浸润癌(SM-d)的符合率为50.00%(2/4)。jnet分型1型与病理诊断为非肿瘤性息肉的符合率为80.00%(20/25);2A型与病理诊断为腺瘤性息肉的符合率为84.62%(66/78);2B型与病理诊断为HGIN/SM-s的符合率为92.59%(25/27);3型与病理诊断为SM-d的符合率为100.00%(4/4)。pit分型、jnet分型及pit分型联合jnet分型诊断肿瘤性结直肠息肉的Kappa值分别为0.809、0.714、0.925。pit分型、jnet分型单独及联合诊断结直肠息肉的敏感度分别为88.00%、80.00%、92.00%,特异度分别为95.41%、93.58%、99.08%,阳性预测值分别为81.46%、74.07%、95.83%,阴性预测值分别为97.20%、95.33%、98.18%,准确度分别为94.03%、91.04%、97.76%。结论:pit分型联合jnet分型在结直肠息肉病理分类诊断中,可提高诊断结直肠息肉性质的准确性,为临床治疗决策提供指导。

Rockburst criterion and evaluation method for potential rockburst pit depth considering excavation damage effect

Excavation-induced disturbances in deep tunnels will lead to deterioration of rock properties and formation of excavation damaged zone(EDZ).This excavation damage effect may affect the potential rockburst pit depth.Taking two diversion tunnels of Jinping II hydropower station for example,the relationship between rockburst pit depth and excavation damage effect is first surveyed.The results indicate that the rockburst pit depth in tunnels with severe damage to rock masses is relatively large.Subsequently,the excavation-induced damage effect is characterized by disturbance factor D based on the Hoek-Brown criterion and wave velocity method.It is found that the EDZ could be further divided into a high-damage zone(HDZ)with D=1 and weak-damage zone(WDZ),and D decays from one to zero linearly.For this,a quantitative evaluation method for potential rockburst pit depth is established by presenting a three-element rockburst criterion considering rock strength,geostress and disturbance factor.The evaluation results obtained by this method match well with actual observations.In addition,the weakening of rock mass strength promotes the formation and expansion of potential rockburst pits.The potential rockburst pit depth is positively correlated with HDZ and WDZ depths,and the HDZ depth has a significant contribution to the potential rockburst pit depth.

Response and assembly of abundant and rare taxa in Zaopei under different combination patterns of Daqu and pit mud:from microbial ecology to Baijiu brewing microecosystem

The quality and aroma of strong-flavor Baijiu are mainly dependent on Daqu,pit mud(PM),and the interaction of both.However,little is known about how their combination patterns affect the microbiome and metabolome of Zaopei,especially the metabolic function of rare taxa.Here,an experiment on industrial size was designed to assess the effects of 6 combinations(3 kinds of Daqu×2 kinds of PM)on the composition and assembly of different taxa,as well as the flavor profile.The results showed that Zaopei's microbiota was composed of a few abundant taxa and enormous rare taxa,and rare bacterial and abundant fungal subcommunities were significantly affected by combination patterns.The assembly processes of abundant/rare taxa and bacterial/fungal communities were distinct,and environmental changes mediated the balance between stochastic and deterministic processes in rare bacteria assembly.Furthermore,specific combination patterns improved the flavor quality of Zaopei by enhancing the interspecies interaction,which was closely related to rare taxa,especially rare bacteria.These findings highlighted that rare bacteria might be the keystone in involving community interaction and maintaining metabolic function,which provided a scientific foundation for better understanding and regulating the brewing microbiota from the viewpoint of microbial ecology.

Numerical Analysis of Cold-Formed Thin-Walled Steel Short Columns with Pitting Corrosion during Bridge Construction

Pitting corrosion is harmful during bridge construction,which will lead to uneven roughness of steel surfaces and reduce the thickness of steel.Hence,the effect of pitting corrosion on the mechanical properties of cold-formed thin-walled steel stub columns is studied,and the empirical formulas are established through regression fitting to predict the ultimate load of web and flange under pitting corrosion.In detail,the failure modes and load-displacement curves of specimens with different locations,area ratios,and depths are obtained through a large number of non-linear finite element analysis.As for the specimens with pitting corrosion on the web,all the specimens are subject to local buckling failure,and the failure mode will not change with pitting corrosion,but the failure location will change with pitting corrosion location;the size,location,and area ratio of pitting corrosion have little influence on the ultimate load of cold-formed thin-walled steel short columns,but the loss rate of pitting corrosion section area has a greater impact on the ultimate bearing capacity.As for the specimen with flange pitting corrosion,the location and area ratio of pitting corrosion have less influence on the ultimate load of cold-formed thin-walled steel short columns,and the section area loss rate has greater influence on the ultimate bearing capacity;the impact of web pitting corrosion on the ultimate load is greater than that of flange pitting corrosion under the same condition of pitting corrosion section area.The prediction formulas of limit load which are suitable for pitting corrosion of web and flange are established,which can provide a reference for performance evaluation of corroded cold-formed thin-walled steel.

Coordinated Mining Procedures of Open Pit Mines Based on River Management

This paper primarily concerns the effective coordination of the procedures and methods employed in open pit mining operations under the background of river management.The central objective of this study is to identify a viable approach for ensuring rational and efficient development of open pit mineral resources while simultaneously protecting and restoring the ecological environment of the river.This approach should facilitate the realization of a harmonious symbiosis between mining and river management.The intricate mutual influence relationship between river management and open pit mining is first analyzed in depth,which provides a solid foundation for the subsequent coordination strategy development.In light of the aforementioned considerations,a set of coordination procedures for open pit mining based on river management conditions is proposed.These procedures emphasize the integration of river protection into the overall layout of mining at the planning stage.The implementation of scientific mining schemes,accompanied by rigorous control of the scope and depth of mining operations,has proven to be an effective means of reducing the impact of mining activities on river environments.This approach has also facilitated the achievement of a balance and coordination between mining and river management.

JNET分型与Pit Pattern分型对结直肠肿瘤性病变的诊断价值比较研究

目的:评估并比较窄带成像放大内镜(ME-NBI)下应用JNET分型与Pit pattern分型对结直肠肿瘤性病变的诊断价值,更好地指导内镜下诊治。方法:收集2019.01.01至2021.12.31接受ME-NBI模式结肠镜检查并行病理检查的201例患者,共216处病变,将依据JNET分型与Pit pattern分型的内镜诊断结果与病理分型结果进行比较。结果:在ME-NBI下JNET分型与Pit pattern分型诊断结直肠肿瘤性病变的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为100%、20.83%、90.05%、100%、91.20%和98.96%、54.17%、94.53%、86.67%、93.98%,两者在诊断准确性上差异具有统计学意义(χ2 = 99.116, P < 0.001)。同时,在诊断具有内镜治疗指征的早期结直肠癌时JNET分型、Pit pattern分型的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为71.43%、76.05%、46.67%、90.07%、75.00%和81.63%、93.41%、78.43%、94.55%、90.74%,两者在诊断准确性上差异具有统计学意义(χ2 = 14.400, P < 0.001)。结论:ME-NBI下先采用JNET分型可发现更多的肿瘤性病变,再利用Pit pattern提高诊断肿瘤性病变的准确性,提升内镜诊治质量。

Effect of surface damage induced by cavitation erosion on pitting and passive behaviors of 304L stainless steel

The corrosion behavior of 304L stainless steel(SS)in 3.5wt%NaCl solution after different cavitation erosion(CE)times was mainly evaluated using electrochemical noise and potentiostatic polarization techniques.It was found that the antagonism effect resulting in the passivation and depassivation of 304L SS had significant distinctions at different CE periods.The passive behavior was predominant during the incubation period of CE where the metastable pitting initiated at the surface of 304L SS.Over the rising period of CE,the 304L SS experienced a transition from passivation to depassivation,leading to the massive growth of metastable pitting and stable pitting.The depassivation of304L SS was found to be dominant at the stable period of CE where serious localized corrosion occurred.

基层内镜医师pit pattern分型在线培训效果观察

目的:观察新疆兵团基层内镜医师pit pattern分型的在线培训效果。方法:选取2021-2022年新疆兵团基层医院的内镜医师81名,将肠镜操作量≥3000例医师分为专家组39名,非专家组42名。对所有医师进行pit pattern分型在线培训和培训前、后测试。比较培训前后医师判断结直肠息肉pit pattern分型的准确率,并分析判断结果与正确结果的一致性。结果:对兵团基层内镜医师的pit pattern分型在线培训取得了满意的效果。培训前、后测试表现:(1)所有医师及专家组、非专家组医师培训后判断总体息肉pit pattern分型的准确率明显高于培训前(P<0.001),所有医师培训后判断肿瘤性、非肿瘤性息肉pit pattern分型的准确率高于培训前(P<0.001),且所有医师培训后判断息肉pit pattern分型的每一分型的准确率也高于培训前(P<0.001)。(2)相较于培训前,培训后所有医师及专家组、非专家组医师息肉pit pattern分型判断结果与正确结果的Kappa值有提高,且培训后所有医师息肉性质判断结果与正确结果的Kappa值也有提高。结论:在线培训的方式能够提升基层内镜医师使用pit pattern分型辨别结直肠息肉性质的能力。

Gear Pitting Measurement by Multi-Scale Splicing Attention U-Net

The judgment of gear failure is based on the pitting area ratio of gear.Traditional gear pitting calculation method mainly rely on manual visual inspection.This method is greatly affected by human factors,and is greatly affected by the working experience,training degree and fatigue degree of the detection personnel,so the detection results may be biased.The non-contact computer vision measurement can carry out non-destructive testing and monitoring under the working condition of the machine,and has high detection accuracy.To improve the measurement accuracy of gear pitting,a novel multi-scale splicing attention U-Net(MSSA U-Net)is explored in this study.An image splicing module is first proposed for concatenating the output feature maps of multiple convolutional layers into a splicing feature map with more semantic information.Then,an attention module is applied to select the key features of the splicing feature map.Given that MSSA U-Net adequately uses multi-scale semantic features,it has better segmentation performance on irregular small objects than U-Net and attention U-Net.On the basis of the designed visual detection platform and MSSA U-Net,a methodology for measuring the area ratio of gear pitting is proposed.With three datasets,experimental results show that MSSA U-Net is superior to existing typical image segmentation methods and can accurately segment different levels of pitting due to its strong segmentation ability.Therefore,the proposed methodology can be effectively applied in measuring the pitting area ratio and determining the level of gear pitting.

Compressive Strength of Tubular Members with Combined Pitting Corrosion and Crack Damage

Tubular members subject to combined pitting corrosion and crack damage were numerically studied to clarify the reduction of ultimate strength and failure behavior,based on numerical models validated against available experi-ments.The effects of length,location and inclined angle of a crack under combined damage were studied to disclose the mechanism of interaction between the crack and corrosion pits.The methods,named as linear superposition directly accumulating the effects of solo crack and solo pitting damage,as well as crack projection transferring an inclined crack to a transverse one,were discussed and verified in the view of assessing ultimate strength of tubular members with combined damage.It was shown that the former is practical but complex while the next always over-estimates the residual strength.Besides,the location and inclined angle of a crack have a subtle effect on the reduction of ultimate strength under combined damage,especially at higher level of pitting damage,due to the synergistic effect between corrosion pits and cracks.Such effect can lead to early occurrence of plasticity and local buckling by inducing stress interaction between crack tips and pits,and causing more significant strength reduction compared with a solo type of damage.A practical method was proposed to determine the loss ratio of cross-sectional area on the equivalent weakest section of a damaged member.Based on the loss ratio,a formula was presented to predict the ultimate strength of damaged members with combined damage,showing good applicability.

Construction Technology and Safety Risk Control Measures of Deep Foundation Pit Excavation

Deep foundation pit excavation is a basic and key step involved in modern building construction.In order to ensure the construction quality and safety of deep foundation pits,this paper takes a project as an example to analyze deep foundation pit excavation technology,including the nature of this construction project,the main technical measures in the construction of deep foundation pit,and the analysis of the safety risk prevention and control measures.The purpose of this analysis is to provide scientific reference for the construction quality and safety of deep foundation pits.

Geopolymer-based modification of blasting sealing materials and optimization of blasting block size in coal seams of open pit mines

This research proposes the utilization of a geopolymer-based blasting sealing material to improve the profitability of coal sales and reduce the rate of coal fragmentation during blasting in open pit mines.The study first focused on optimizing the strength of the sealant material and reducing curing time.This was achieved by regulating the slag doping and sodium silicate solution modulus.The findings demonstrated that increasing slag content and improving the material resulted in an early rise in strength while increasing the modulus of the sodium silicate solution extended the curing time.The slag doping level was fixed at 80 g,and the sodium silicate solution modulus was set at 1.5.To achieve a strength of 3.12 MPa,the water/gel ratio was set at 0.5.The initial setting time was determined to be 33 min,meeting the required field test duration.Secondly,the strength requirements for field implementation were assessed by simulating the action time and force destruction process of the sealing material during blasting using ANSYS/LS-DYNA software.The results indicated that the modified material meets these requirements.Finally,the Shengli Open Pit Coal Mine served as the site for the field test.It was observed that the hole-sealing material’s hydration reaction created a laminated and flocculated gel inside it.This enhanced the density of the modified material.Additionally,the pregelatinized starch,functioning as an organic binder,filled the gaps between the gels,enhancing the cohesion and bonding coefficient of the material.Upon analyzing the post-blasting shooting effect diagram using the Split-Desktop software,it was determined that the utilization of the modified blast hole plugging material resulted in a decrease in the rate of coal fragmentation from 33.2%to 21.1%.This reduction exhibited a minimal error of 1.63%when compared to the field measurement,thereby providing further confirmation of the exceptional plugging capabilities of the modified material.This study significantly contributes to establishing a solid theoretical basis for enhancing the blasting efficiency of open pit mines and,in turn,enhancing their economic advantages.

Assessment of the Safety Impacts of a Pit Construction on the Neighboring Subway

In order to study the impact of pit excavation on the adjacent existing subway structure,the safety impact assessment of a project was carried out using project under construction near the subway as the engineering background.The results show that the new pit construction will produce some additional deformation on the existing subway interval structure,the deformation values are within the permissible range for safe operation.Through analysis of the results,the risk point rating of the pit adjacent to the interval is level 2.In general,the impacts of the pit construction on the neighboring subway structure are less than the specification limits.

Construction Technology of Deep Foundation Pit Support in Municipal Civil Engineering Foundation Construction

Municipal civil engineering is the key content of municipal construction,and the construction scale is usually large.The quality of the project plays an important role in the development of urban economy.Due to the rapid increase of high-rise buildings,skyscrapers and underground buildings,the construction technology of deep foundation pit support has gradually become an indispensable construction technology.Therefore,the selection of foundation pit support construction technology is crucial in ensuring that whether the foundation is firm and stable,and whether the subsequent construction activities can be carried out smoothly.In view of this,the article discusses the application of deep foundation pit support construction technology in municipal civil engineering,aiming to provide reference for subsequent projects.

中国露天煤矿70年成就回顾及高质量发展架构体系

露天煤矿作为我国煤炭工业的重要组成部分,具有生产能力大、开采成本低、安全条件好等优势,近年来在建设规模、生产总量、开采工艺及技术装备等多方面均取得了跨越式的发展,有力保障了煤炭作为国家能源安全稳定供应的“压舱石”地位。首先回顾了新中国成立后我国露天煤矿70年来的发展历程,将其划分为起步恢复阶段(1949—1979年)、快速发展阶段(1980—1999年)、综合发展阶段(2000—2020年)和智能化初级发展阶段(2021年以后)4个时期;系统总结了每个时期的产量与数量规模、开采理论与技术、开采工艺与装备、资源开发与环境保护方面取得的突出成就。然后,探讨了现阶段露天煤矿发展面临的4个方面的主要问题,包括发展布局不均衡、可持续发展面临瓶颈、关键技术难题需深入攻关、人才短缺培养机制不完善。最后,提出构建以“安全、高效、绿色、低碳、智能”为总体目标的全链条、全周期、全要素露天煤矿高质量发展架构体系,其内涵特征包括以时效边坡理论、开采扰动指数理论、绿色开采理论、生态型开采理论、零碳负碳开采理论、智能化开采理论6种学术思想为理论基础,以灾害安全监测防控、复杂条件协同保障、生态源头减损开采、节能减污清洁利用、数字-自动-智能同建5类技术体系为核心支撑,以透明地质模型动态重构、边坡蠕滑全程精准预测、深大孔低扰动控制爆破、采空区超前探测与处置、粉尘抑制及煤自燃防治等30项关键技术为重点突破,以设计理念先进化、安全保障标准化、建设规模大型化、生产工艺综合化、开采装备智能化、核心制造国产化、矿区生态绿色化、煤炭利用清洁化、组织管理科学化、人才队伍国际化的“十化型”露天矿山为建设任务;同时给出了以规划引领为基础,以科技创新为驱动,以人才培育为保障的露天煤矿高质量发展实现路径。最终为推动我国露天煤矿向持续健康高质量方向发展提供指导。

基坑开挖对在建道路的影响及加固措施

目的 分析基坑开挖对围护结构和在建道路的影响,探究保证基坑和道路结构稳定的加固措施。方法 以杭州市某基坑与在建道路交叉施工为工程背景,进行三维有限元建模,对基坑开挖和道路振动施工全过程进行模拟。结果 在道路振动施工作用下,基坑围护结构最大水平位移为5.26 mm;基坑开挖完成后,基坑围护结构的水平变形和道路的竖向变形均较大,须采用加固措施控制围护结构和道路的变形。结论 在基坑全部卸荷后,采用斜撑和增加支撑预应力综合加固措施与未采用加固措施相比,CX20监测点的最大水平位移和道路最大沉降分别减小了28.97%和35.34%,变形控制效果显著。

深基坑支护理念演进和设计方法改进剖析

基于我国30多年建设实践,分析现有深基坑支护临时性理念、与主体结构相结合理念实施的优点和不足,提出促进基坑支护工程高质量发展的永久化理念。结合济南某基坑工程,阐释三个理念的逐次提升和相应支护结构的计算内容,定义适应与主体结构相结合理念、永久化理念的结构岩土化、岩土结构化设计方法;重点分析土钉墙与抗浮锚杆相结合的复合土钉墙的设计,以及抗浮锚杆与外伸支撑、水平楼板永久支护结构中抗浮锚杆的力学性状与耐久性,分析了永久支护对于地下室外墙受力机制的影响,阐释深基坑支护理念演化方向和与之适应的设计改进内容。对于反思我国岩土与结构设计管理体制,促进基坑与基础设计理论和方法进步,推动“新发展理念”在基坑工程的实践具有导向价值。

基于渗流作用下含断层的露天矿边坡稳定性的数值模拟研究

为研究含断层露天边坡在渗流作用下的稳定性问题,采用FLAC3D数值模拟技术构建断层作用下的滑体力学模型,获得顺倾层状边坡分条稳定系数表达式,进而对渗流作用下含断层边坡稳定性进行数值模拟分析。对岩体强度的弹性模量、内聚力、内摩擦角和岩体抗拉强度等4种影响因素进行敏感性分析,通过分析这4种因素在不同工况下边坡的位移、应力、应变和安全系数,得出了各参数的敏感性分析曲线。从敏感性分析曲线可知,岩体的内聚力对边坡稳定性的影响最大,弹性模量对边坡稳定性的影响最小。开挖不同阶段边坡稳定性的主要影响因素存在差别,其中,前期以断层为主,后期则逐渐转化为渗流作用。该研究为今后露天矿边坡稳定性分析提供了科学依据,对于边坡稳定性分析具有重大的工程实际意义。

Study on the Application of Real-Time Drone Monitoring in Ordos Open-Pit Coal Mine

In the process of intelligent mine construction in open-pit mine, in order to improve the safety monitoring ability of mine transportation system, solve the problems of large human interference and blind Angle detection by existing conventional monitoring methods, this paper establishes an open-pit mine monitoring data set, and proposes a real-time intelligent monitoring model based on UAV. The reasoning component with strong computing power and low power consumption is selected, and the lightweight object detection model is selected for the experiment. A quantitative standard of dynamic energy consumption detection by evaluation algorithm is proposed. Through experimental comparison, it is found that YOLOv4-tiny has the highest comprehensive grade in detection accuracy, speed, energy consumption and other aspects, which is suitable for application in the above model.