STUDY ON THE ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF ION EXCHANGE MEMBRANE IN PREPARING POTASSIUM CARBONATE

This investigation describes the one step preparation of potassium carbonate by electrolysis of potas-sium chloride solution in electrolyzers with various Nation membranes.Potassium bicarbonate solution wasfed to the cathode compartment,where it was converted into carbonate by reaction with the hydroxideformed at cathode.Because of the low OH^- concentration in the cathode compartment,the back migrationof OH^- through the membrane was almost negligible,resulting in a higher current efficiency,say 90% or more.In this study,electroconductivity,mass transfer,current efficiency and cell voltage were measured.Thefeasibility of the process was discussed and the optimal conditions examined.

Separation process study of liquid phase catalytic exchange reaction based on the Pt/C/PTFE catalysts

The liquid phase catalytic exchange(LPCE) reaction is an effective process for heavy water detritiation and production of deuterium-depleted potable water. In the current study, hydrophobic carbon-supported platinum catalysts(Pt/C/PTFE) with high efficiency as reported previously for LPCE were prepared and comprehensive performance evaluation method is applied to evaluate the separation behaviors of LPCE systematically. Experimental results indicate that the optimum reaction temperature of 60–80℃ and the molar feed ratio G/L of 1.5–2.5 would lead to higher separation efficiencies. As to the packing method, a random packing mode with a packing ratio of hydrophobic catalysts 0.25 is recommended. In addition, thermodynamic analysis corresponds well with experimental results under lower temperature and G/L, while the suppression of kinetic factors should not be neglected when T > 80℃ and G/L > 1.5.

A Theoretical Dynamic Analysis of a Regenerative Heat Exchanger Assembly in a Fluctuating Flow Regime

A fluctuating flow was used to investigate the thermo-fluid characteristic of a regenerative heat exchanger assembly designed, modelled, built and constructed for the used in Stifling engines applications. Vibration of the regenerative heat exchanger assembly was a problem to deal with during the experimental investigation. Hence, a dynamic analysis of the regenerative heat exchanger assembly was undertaken. The main sources of excitation in vibrations of the regenerative heat exchanger assembly were investigated and calculated based initially on the empirical correlations provided in the literature. Thereafter, a mathematical model of the regenerative heat exchanger assembly was developed based on the energy equations for each moving part of the assembly. The kinetic and potential energy equations were formulated for each moving part of the regenerative heat exchanger assembly. From the kinetic and potential equations, the Lag, range operator was defined, and then the Lagrange formulations were used to derive the differential equations representing the dynamic behavior of each moving part of the assembly. The differential equations were integrated to determine the system natural frequencies. These were then compared to the frequency on excitation in vibrations in order to predict the regenerative heat exchanger working conditions despite the existence of vibration in the system.

A mathematical model for the description of the transport behavior of exchange cations in aquifer during sea water intrusion

In order to describe quantitatively the cation exchange action between water and rockand the transport behavior of exchange cations in the process of sea water intrusion, a newthree-dimensional mathematical model, which can simulte simultaneously the transport be-havior of exchange cations Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ is set up. This model is applied in prac-tice and the simulated values agree very well with the field data.

Remanence characteristic of nanostructure of hard/soft magnetic multilayered systems with random easy axis orientations

The macroscopic magnetic properties such as remanent magnetization of the ferromagnetic multilayer system with random easy axis orientations is investigated by using a effective micromagnet approach. The multilayer, which alternating soft/hard layers in which their easy axis orientations is random build a nanostructured multilayer, is considered to meet periodic boundary condition, the dependence of remanence on thickness has been analytical derived. Author find that the remancence clearly depends on the thickness of the soft magnetic layer nearly independence of thickness of hard magnetic layer. this analytical results are in excellent agreement with previous numerical results.

Study on Relationship Between Arc Behavior and Joint Forming in Cold Metal Transfer Welding Technology with Polarity⁃Exchanging

Cold metal transfer with polarity⁃exchanging is a new integrated welding technology based on MIG.Due to the alternation of the positive and negative polarities of the wire,favorable control upon the deposition rate and the welding shape coefficient was obtained in order to meet the desired joint design,and the related controlling principles and joint characteristics were reported.Droplet transfer physical behavior exhibited strong dependability on the studied welding parameters,such as welding voltage,welding current,wire feeding speed,and polarity⁃exchanging.This welding technology provides a new way for the welding of body⁃in⁃white(BIW)thin sheet with special demands.Moreover,the typical quality defects of MIG were greatly improved.Our study provides important technical information from the perspective of industrial application of MIG and sheds light on the higher application level of MIG in BIW welding.

From moral leadership to positive work behaviors: the mediating roles of value congruence and leader-member exchange

Limited empirical investigation has been devoted to understanding the multipleeffect mechanisms of moral leadership, especially the relationship between mediators. Drawing from both social learning and social exchange theories, this study examines whether value congruenee and leader-member exchange (LMX) mediate the effect of moral leadership on followers' positive work behaviors. Using two-wave survey data from 395 Chinese employees, the results indicate that both value congruence and LMX act as mediators in the relationship between moral leadership and positive work behaviors. Furthermore, a sequential mediation link from moral leadership to value congruenee, then to LMX, and finally to positive work behaviors was established. Theoretical and practical implications are further discussed.

Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Resource Exchanges, and Career Growth Opportunities

Based on resource and relational theories, this study examined the relationships among organizational citizenship behavior （OCB）, exchanged resources, and career growth opportunities, along with the moderating effect of member-member exchange （MMX）. Findings from a field survey of 192 supervisor-subordinate dyads revealed that status resource was positively related to OCB and career growth opportunities. MMX moderated the relationship between OCB and status resource in such a way that the relationship was stronger in the low MMX context than in the high MMX context. The main contribution of this study is an explanation of the effects of OCB on individual careers from a fine-grained perspective based on resource and relational theories.

燃料电池气体扩散层表面液相涌出行为

燃料电池流道内的两相分布特性对于提升燃料电池水管理能力至关重要,探究多液滴在流道表面流动行为利于优化结构及运行条件。使用流体体积(Volume of Fluid)法对液态水从气体扩散层(Gas diffusion layer)涌出到流道内的动态过程进行模拟,研究流道内气体流速、GDL表面接触角和水孔间距对水涌出过程和流动行为影响。结果表明,液滴在GDL表面经历了生长、分离、传输和碰撞凝并等过程。气体流速明显影响压降和液滴分离周期,随着气体流速增加,压降增加,液滴分离周期从14.7 ms降至4.7 ms,水去除能力显著增强,高气体流速造成液滴形态和流动情况不稳定。GDL表面润湿性改变了表面张力,影响液滴形态和流动,显著影响水覆盖率,随着接触角增大,GDL表面平均水覆盖率从20.03%降至9.01%;水孔间距对液滴碰撞周期影响大,小水孔间距时液滴在生长中发生凝并,大液滴飞溅造成流道内气流速度下降,压降和GDL表面水覆盖率产生大波动;大水孔间距时,流道内速度场受影响明显,前一液滴获得大速度后发生碰撞更易造成液滴飞溅,导致最大水孔间距时水覆盖率下降,从16.84%(D=0.8 cm)骤降至14.69(D=1.2 cm)。研究结果为流道表面接触角,GDL孔隙分布、进气条件等参数优化提供理论指导和技术借鉴,改善质子交换膜燃料电池水传输能力提高工作效率。

谦卑型领导对员工积极挑战行为的影响——领导—成员交换关系的中介效应

组织结构日趋扁平化背景下,员工积极挑战行为逐渐受到学界和业界的关注。基于领导—成员交换理论、社会认知理论和诱因—贡献理论,采用问卷调查法,以488名企业在职员工的样本数据为研究对象,研究领导者谦卑对员工积极挑战行为的影响机制。结果表明:领导者谦卑正向影响员工的积极挑战行为;领导—成员交换关系在其中起到中介作用。最后,提出建议措施,为培养领导者谦卑风格、形成高质量的领导—成员交换关系和促进员工做出积极挑战行为提供参考。

组织变革情景下领导政治行为对员工变革抵制的双刃剑效应

大量研究表明,在组织变革期间领导行为会对员工变革抵制产生重要影响,但关于领导政治行为对员工变革抵制的潜在影响鲜有探究。本研究基于社会信息加工理论,探讨了组织变革背景下领导政治行为对员工变革抵制的双刃剑作用机制。通过对三个时间点收集的280份问卷数据进行分析,结果表明:在组织变革中,当领导成员交换关系水平低时,领导政治行为会通过增加员工的相对剥夺感而激发其变革抵制;当领导成员交换关系水平高时,领导政治行为会通过提升下属依赖而减弱其变革抵制。本文结论有助于企业管理者辩证看待组织变革中领导政治行为所发挥的作用,并为组织变革管理实践提供有益借鉴。

基于扎根理论的专科联盟利益相关者交换行为影响机制研究

目的:利用扎根理论剖析专科联盟利益相关者交换行为的影响因素,基于社会交换理论构建影响机制,为推动专科联盟可持续性提供建议与参考。方法:采用滚雪球抽样在河南省抽取专科联盟利益相关者进行访谈,并对转录资料进行三级编码分析。结果:通过三级编码梳理出26个初始范畴、11个副范畴和4个主范畴,并通过提炼主范畴的典型关系结构,构建涵盖利益获取、成本付出、规范约束、信任保障4个因素的专科联盟利益相关者交换行为影响机制。结论:利益获取、成本付出与规范约束直接影响专科联盟利益相关者交换行为,信任程度发挥中介作用。专科联盟建设中应关注多方的利益互惠与成本平衡,通过诊疗与制度规范的硬约束与联盟文化软约束,共同促进利益相关者的信任关系建立,从而保障专科联盟运行的可持续性。

俭以养德?节俭对亲社会行为的双刃剑效应及其理论解释

随着社会物质经济的发展,节俭不断被赋予新的时代意蕴。作为中华民族的传统美德之一,节俭素来享誉“美名”。然而,节俭所导致的结果是否总合乎道德?本文试图系统地回答这一问题,分别从积极面和消极面揭示了节俭对亲社会行为的双刃剑效应。上述效应的发生可基于资源保存理论、自我控制理论、生命史理论、自我决定理论、社会交换理论、机会成本理论和有限注意理论等视角进行解释。未来研究可进一步厘清和开发节俭的道德内涵,开展节俭相关后效的跨文化研究,识别不同类型亲社会行为中节俭的共同作用,探寻统一双刃剑效应的理论框架和边界情境,以及验证道德情绪作为心理机制的解释作用,进而推动节俭心理学和亲社会行为研究的融合与发展。

领导成员交换对酒店员工的服务创新行为的影响——以组织信任为中介变量

创新是引领发展的第一动力,员工的创新行为是企业持续发展和提升竞争力的关键所在。以社会交换理论为基础,基于286份酒店员工问卷构建结构方程模型,实证探究领导成员交换对酒店员工服务创新行为的影响及其作用机制。结果表明:领导成员交换和组织信任对酒店员工的服务创新行为存在显著正向影响;组织信任在领导成员交换和员工服务创新行为之间起到中介作用。该研究能够丰富上下级关系和员工服务创新行为的相关研究成果,对于改进酒店行业的管理实践也具有一定的现实意义。

温度—应力耦合下质子交换膜拉伸蠕变行为及本构描述

质子交换膜作为质子交换膜电池核心部件,其蠕变性能对质子交换膜电池的结构设计至关重要。通过研究质子交换膜在不同温度、应力下的拉伸蠕变性能,探究应力、温度对质子交换膜短期蠕变行为的耦合影响规律。分别采用Burgers模型和Findley幂律模型对质子交换膜短期蠕变行为进行拟合,分析了Burgers模型和Findley幂律模型的相关系数及变化规律。结果表明,在不同的温度、应力水平下,质子交换膜蠕变曲线均包含瞬态蠕变阶段和稳态蠕变阶段,瞬间弹性形变、延迟弹性形变和黏性流动形变均表现出对温度、应力的依赖性;Burgers模型和Findley幂律模型都能很好地模拟质子交换膜的蠕变性能。最后,通过稳态蠕变速率与温度、应力水平的量化关系获得了应力指数和蠕变激活能,分析了质子交换膜的蠕变行为与机理。

质子交换膜燃料电池密封系统热力耦合仿真研究

温度影响质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的密封性能和力学行为,因而影响其使用寿命和可靠性。为研究PEMFC在热力耦合下的密封性能和力学行为,建立PEMFC单电池和多电池结构的二维模型,研究密封系统在不同工作温度下的应力-应变分布,讨论橡胶密封圈压缩比、双极板错位和密封垫尺寸对PEMFC密封性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:温度对密封圈的Mises应力和膜电极组件(MEA)框架接触压力有很大影响;在不同工作温度下单电池和多电池结构的密封性能相似,应力和接触压力分布差别也不大,因此单电池结构的研究结论可以推广到多电池结构;随着橡胶密封圈压缩比和密封圈尺寸的增加,燃料电池密封性能得到改善;而双极板错位会加剧MEA框架的变形;高应力区出现在橡胶密封圈的横截面内部,容易导致局部应力集中和密封失效。

不道德亲组织行为的解释机制与权变理论模型

不道德亲组织行为(Unethical Pro-organizational Behavior)是指员工为维护组织利益而采取的不道德行为。在数字化环境下,员工的不道德亲组织行为可能会带来更严重的负面影响,但现有研究对此尚未给予足够的重视。因此有必要梳理不道德亲组织行为的概念内涵,并从社会交换、社会认同、社会认知及社会学习等四个理论机制出发,探讨该行为的前因。在此基础上,提出了一个基于权变理论的研究模型,旨在揭示不道德亲组织行为对个体和组织层面的影响结果。结论丰富了对不道德亲组织行为的理论研究,并为管理实践提供了有价值的参考。

仁慈领导与员工主动工作行为关系研究——对领导的感激与组织资源支持的作用

针对仁慈领导对员工主动工作行为影响的问题,基于社会交换理论,采用层次回归对数据进行实证分析,结果表明:对领导的感激在仁慈领导与员工主动工作行为的关系中具有中介作用;组织资源支持正向调节对领导的感激与员工主动工作行为的关系,只有组织资源支持高时,对领导的感激才能正向影响员工主动工作行为;组织资源支持正向调节对领导的感激的中介作用,只有组织资源支持高时,仁慈领导才能通过对领导的感激正向影响员工主动工作行为。研究结论为企业促进员工主动工作行为提供参考。

套管式换热器管路用铜合金组织及性能研究

地源热泵套管换热器对其内部流水管路的抗腐蚀性能及耐磨性要求极高。研究主要针对T2紫铜管及B10铜镍合金管在0.0598 mol/L NaCl和0.1 mol/L NaHSO3混合溶液中的腐蚀速率,分析两种合金管的腐蚀行为及抗腐蚀性能,并综合考虑两种合金的力学性能、加工工艺、材料成本,使选材最优化。结果表明:在3.5%NaCl和0.1 mol/L NaHSO3溶液中,T2紫铜管以均匀腐蚀为主,最大腐蚀深度约为0.121 mm,B10铜镍合金表面轻微腐蚀,局部存在点蚀坑,最大腐蚀深度为0.041 mm,铜镍合金管的抗腐蚀性能明显优于紫铜管;B10铜镍合金的抗拉强度及硬度分别为450 MPa、140 HV,力学性能明显优于紫铜。综合抗腐蚀性能、力学性能、加工工艺、材料成本考虑,认为B10铜镍合金更适用于制造地源热泵套管换热器内管路。

中国企业领导成员交换、团队成员交换,组织创新气氛与员工创新行为关系实证研究

本文以实证方式探索了企业创新过程中,领导成员交换、团队成员交换对员工创新行为,组织创新气氛的作用影响机理,以及组织创新气氛在领导成员交换、团队成员交换促进员工创新行为作用中的中介作用。研究将助于我们深入理解员工创新推动的内在组织行为过程,并在创新领导方式以及创新管理实践层面为组织创新提供借鉴。