This paper adopts the self-designed questionnaire to make investigations and interviews with the rural middle and primary school teachers in Chengdu and Chongqing districts about the professional development problems ...This paper adopts the self-designed questionnaire to make investigations and interviews with the rural middle and primary school teachers in Chengdu and Chongqing districts about the professional development problems of western rural teachers, and refers to the educational literature materials in western rural areas. Through a comprehensive analysis, it is known that the professional knowledge status of western rural teachers is worrying, and the reason is mainly caused by the location, policy, economy, society, continuing education and teachers＇ own factors.展开更多
Based on time series data of RMB exchange rate and urban-rural income, this paper makes an empirical study for the influence of RMB exchange rate fluctuation on urban-rural income by utilizing rolling regression model...Based on time series data of RMB exchange rate and urban-rural income, this paper makes an empirical study for the influence of RMB exchange rate fluctuation on urban-rural income by utilizing rolling regression model through direct and indirect transmission mechanisms. According to the results, the transmission effect of RMB exchange rate fluctuation on urban-rural income has features of incompleteness and asymmetry. Moreover, RMB appreciation will help to reduce the urban-rural income gap. Therefore, this paper suggests that the Chinese economy should accelerate the course of transforming mode, adjusting structure and promoting development under the new normal. Meanwhile, reform of RMB exchange rate mechanism should be promoted, living standard of residents must be improved, and the urban-rural income gap should be reduced.展开更多
Owing to the geographic disadvantages of mountain villages, the social, cultural, and economic conditions of mountain villagers are inferior to those of urban dwellers in South Korea. Thus, in 1995, the The government...Owing to the geographic disadvantages of mountain villages, the social, cultural, and economic conditions of mountain villagers are inferior to those of urban dwellers in South Korea. Thus, in 1995, the The government of South Korea launched a mountain village development support program to promote agriculture and forestry, balance national land development, and preserve cultural heritage. The program was effectively implemented, improving the income, population size, and living conditions of villagers in addition to setting up a system for stable project implementation. However, concerns were raised about long-term development planning, the creation and marketing of specialty brands, facility management/operation, and follow-up support. The government conducted surveys of mountain villagers in 2003 and 2014, obtaining basic data to address these issues. This study evaluates the outcomes of these two surveys, suggesting areas requiring focusedaction, concentrating on village development projects, forest resource distribution and use, demographic trends, the economy, exchange with urban areas, green tourism, and master planning. We find that despite growth in the forest labor force, forest ownership is diminishing in terms of the number and scale of holdings. Consequently, it is necessary to commercialize forest resources, establish favorable settlement conditions, and expand government support for village-run projects. In addition, systematic forest management for older tree age classes would benefit the public and provide assets for future mountain village development. Our results are expected to provide baseline information for the establishment and efficient implementation of mountain village development policy.展开更多
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between school and community physical activity(PA) characteristics and levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) among Chinese school chil...Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between school and community physical activity(PA) characteristics and levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) among Chinese school children.Methods: Data were obtained from the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China—The Youth Study project. Participants were 80,928 school children(Grades 4–12; 39,747 boys, 41,181 girls; mean age = 13 years) and 935 physical education(PE) teachers who completed a study survey.Independent variables included both school-related factors(school-level PA support, availability of and access to PA facilities, and the duration of school PE classes) and community-related factors(the frequency of sports events, sports training opportunities, availability of sports clubs and organizations, and access to PA facilities). The dependent variable was the children's self-reported participation in MVPA. The data were analyzed,in 2017, via multilevel modeling.Results: PA support from school administrators was the only school-level factor significantly related to children's participation in MVPA.Children's perceptions of the frequency of community-sponsored sports events, availability of sports clubs and organizations, and convenient access to PA facilities were associated with a high level of MVPA participation. In regard to residency in urban and rural areas, children attending urban schools who perceived high availability of PA facilities were associated with a low level of participation in MVPA.Conclusion: School support for PA and community PA resources are associated with MVPA among Chinese school children. School PA facilities appear underutilized among urban schools as evidenced by low levels of MVPA among school children.展开更多
China launched the policy of linking the increase in urban development land with the decrease in rural development land① in 2003. The paper focuses on two typical paths for implementation of the policy, i.e., exchang...China launched the policy of linking the increase in urban development land with the decrease in rural development land① in 2003. The paper focuses on two typical paths for implementation of the policy, i.e., exchanging homestead for urban housing, and "double exchanges." Based on a study on urbanization development, the paper analyzes the institutional innovation in the case of exchanging homestead for house in Huaming Town, as well as the jeopardization of "double exchanges," before summarizing the applicability of the "urban-rural land linking" policy. At the end, the paper emphasizes that in order to address the problems emerging during various kinds of urbanization, the linking policy should be carried out in accordance with local conditions and circumstances.展开更多
文摘This paper adopts the self-designed questionnaire to make investigations and interviews with the rural middle and primary school teachers in Chengdu and Chongqing districts about the professional development problems of western rural teachers, and refers to the educational literature materials in western rural areas. Through a comprehensive analysis, it is known that the professional knowledge status of western rural teachers is worrying, and the reason is mainly caused by the location, policy, economy, society, continuing education and teachers＇ own factors.
文摘Based on time series data of RMB exchange rate and urban-rural income, this paper makes an empirical study for the influence of RMB exchange rate fluctuation on urban-rural income by utilizing rolling regression model through direct and indirect transmission mechanisms. According to the results, the transmission effect of RMB exchange rate fluctuation on urban-rural income has features of incompleteness and asymmetry. Moreover, RMB appreciation will help to reduce the urban-rural income gap. Therefore, this paper suggests that the Chinese economy should accelerate the course of transforming mode, adjusting structure and promoting development under the new normal. Meanwhile, reform of RMB exchange rate mechanism should be promoted, living standard of residents must be improved, and the urban-rural income gap should be reduced.
文摘Owing to the geographic disadvantages of mountain villages, the social, cultural, and economic conditions of mountain villagers are inferior to those of urban dwellers in South Korea. Thus, in 1995, the The government of South Korea launched a mountain village development support program to promote agriculture and forestry, balance national land development, and preserve cultural heritage. The program was effectively implemented, improving the income, population size, and living conditions of villagers in addition to setting up a system for stable project implementation. However, concerns were raised about long-term development planning, the creation and marketing of specialty brands, facility management/operation, and follow-up support. The government conducted surveys of mountain villagers in 2003 and 2014, obtaining basic data to address these issues. This study evaluates the outcomes of these two surveys, suggesting areas requiring focusedaction, concentrating on village development projects, forest resource distribution and use, demographic trends, the economy, exchange with urban areas, green tourism, and master planning. We find that despite growth in the forest labor force, forest ownership is diminishing in terms of the number and scale of holdings. Consequently, it is necessary to commercialize forest resources, establish favorable settlement conditions, and expand government support for village-run projects. In addition, systematic forest management for older tree age classes would benefit the public and provide assets for future mountain village development. Our results are expected to provide baseline information for the establishment and efficient implementation of mountain village development policy.
基金supported by the Key Project of the National Social Science Foundation of China (No.16ZDA227)
文摘Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between school and community physical activity(PA) characteristics and levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) among Chinese school children.Methods: Data were obtained from the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China—The Youth Study project. Participants were 80,928 school children(Grades 4–12; 39,747 boys, 41,181 girls; mean age = 13 years) and 935 physical education(PE) teachers who completed a study survey.Independent variables included both school-related factors(school-level PA support, availability of and access to PA facilities, and the duration of school PE classes) and community-related factors(the frequency of sports events, sports training opportunities, availability of sports clubs and organizations, and access to PA facilities). The dependent variable was the children's self-reported participation in MVPA. The data were analyzed,in 2017, via multilevel modeling.Results: PA support from school administrators was the only school-level factor significantly related to children's participation in MVPA.Children's perceptions of the frequency of community-sponsored sports events, availability of sports clubs and organizations, and convenient access to PA facilities were associated with a high level of MVPA participation. In regard to residency in urban and rural areas, children attending urban schools who perceived high availability of PA facilities were associated with a low level of participation in MVPA.Conclusion: School support for PA and community PA resources are associated with MVPA among Chinese school children. School PA facilities appear underutilized among urban schools as evidenced by low levels of MVPA among school children.
文摘China launched the policy of linking the increase in urban development land with the decrease in rural development land① in 2003. The paper focuses on two typical paths for implementation of the policy, i.e., exchanging homestead for urban housing, and "double exchanges." Based on a study on urbanization development, the paper analyzes the institutional innovation in the case of exchanging homestead for house in Huaming Town, as well as the jeopardization of "double exchanges," before summarizing the applicability of the "urban-rural land linking" policy. At the end, the paper emphasizes that in order to address the problems emerging during various kinds of urbanization, the linking policy should be carried out in accordance with local conditions and circumstances.
