The early stage of exercises is crucial in sports training;however,its physiological mechanism is still unclear.The hemodynamic response was reported to be associated with respiratory exchange.Here,we aimed to explore...The early stage of exercises is crucial in sports training;however,its physiological mechanism is still unclear.The hemodynamic response was reported to be associated with respiratory exchange.Here,we aimed to explore the relationship between oxy-hemoglobin concentration change(HbO_(2))and respiratory exchange ratio(RER)during the early phase of exercises.Sixteen athletes of middle-distance race were selected from Wuhan Institute of Physical Education to conduct intermittent exercises on MERCURY4.0 at 80%VO_(2)peak intensity.Multiple physiological parameters were acquired by use of a near-infrared spectroscopy muscle oxygen monitor,a Cardiopulmonary Function MAX-II and a P-Lar,including HbO_(2),RER and others.A significant correlation was found between RER and HbO_(2)in quadriceps muscle in the thigh during the early phase of exercises.Thus,NIRS is capable of supervising sports training in terms of HbO_(2),which actually acted as an interpreter of RER change.展开更多
The characteristic of phosphorus removal andappropriate change of the traditional operation modes wereinvestigated in UniFed sequencing batch reactor (SBR)laboratory-scale apparatus (40 L), treating actual domesticwas...The characteristic of phosphorus removal andappropriate change of the traditional operation modes wereinvestigated in UniFed sequencing batch reactor (SBR)laboratory-scale apparatus (40 L), treating actual domesticwastewater with low ratios of C/N (2.57) and C/P (30.18),providing theoretical basis for actual application ofwastewater treatment plant. UniFed SBR system with itsunique operation mode had the distinct superiority ofphosphorus removal. On this occasion, the effect ofvolumetric exchange ratio (VER) and the method ofinfluent introduction for phosphorus removal were studied.When the carbon source became the limiting factor tophosphorus release, the higher the VER, the lower thephosphorus concentration in the effluent. Three differentinfluent patterns, including one-time filling, four-timefilling, and continuous filling with the same quantity ofwastewater could increase the release rate of anaerobicphosphorus from 0.082 to 0.143 mg·P·(L·min)-1. Appropriatechange of the traditional operation modes couldoptimize the efficiency of phosphorus removal. When thefeed/ decant time was extended from 2 h to 4 h, thephosphorous removal efficiency increased from 59.93% to88.45% without any external carbon source. In the mode ofalternation of anoxic-aerobic (A/O) condition, phosphorousremoval efficiency increased from 55.07% to 72.27%clearly. The carbon source in the influent can be usedadequately, and denitrifying phosphorus removal wascarried out in anoxic stage 2 (A2). This mode was optimalfor the treatment of actual domestic wastewater with lowC/N and C/P ratios.展开更多
基金We would like to acknowledge the support from National Science Funds of China(30770554).
文摘The early stage of exercises is crucial in sports training;however,its physiological mechanism is still unclear.The hemodynamic response was reported to be associated with respiratory exchange.Here,we aimed to explore the relationship between oxy-hemoglobin concentration change(HbO_(2))and respiratory exchange ratio(RER)during the early phase of exercises.Sixteen athletes of middle-distance race were selected from Wuhan Institute of Physical Education to conduct intermittent exercises on MERCURY4.0 at 80%VO_(2)peak intensity.Multiple physiological parameters were acquired by use of a near-infrared spectroscopy muscle oxygen monitor,a Cardiopulmonary Function MAX-II and a P-Lar,including HbO_(2),RER and others.A significant correlation was found between RER and HbO_(2)in quadriceps muscle in the thigh during the early phase of exercises.Thus,NIRS is capable of supervising sports training in terms of HbO_(2),which actually acted as an interpreter of RER change.
基金This work was supported by the Joint Research Fund for Overseas Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50628808)State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment(HIT)(No.QAK200802)Academic Human Resources Development in Institutions of Higher Learning Under the Jurisdiction of Beijing Municipality(No.PHR20090502)。
文摘The characteristic of phosphorus removal andappropriate change of the traditional operation modes wereinvestigated in UniFed sequencing batch reactor (SBR)laboratory-scale apparatus (40 L), treating actual domesticwastewater with low ratios of C/N (2.57) and C/P (30.18),providing theoretical basis for actual application ofwastewater treatment plant. UniFed SBR system with itsunique operation mode had the distinct superiority ofphosphorus removal. On this occasion, the effect ofvolumetric exchange ratio (VER) and the method ofinfluent introduction for phosphorus removal were studied.When the carbon source became the limiting factor tophosphorus release, the higher the VER, the lower thephosphorus concentration in the effluent. Three differentinfluent patterns, including one-time filling, four-timefilling, and continuous filling with the same quantity ofwastewater could increase the release rate of anaerobicphosphorus from 0.082 to 0.143 mg·P·(L·min)-1. Appropriatechange of the traditional operation modes couldoptimize the efficiency of phosphorus removal. When thefeed/ decant time was extended from 2 h to 4 h, thephosphorous removal efficiency increased from 59.93% to88.45% without any external carbon source. In the mode ofalternation of anoxic-aerobic (A/O) condition, phosphorousremoval efficiency increased from 55.07% to 72.27%clearly. The carbon source in the influent can be usedadequately, and denitrifying phosphorus removal wascarried out in anoxic stage 2 (A2). This mode was optimalfor the treatment of actual domestic wastewater with lowC/N and C/P ratios.
