Exhaustion and Emotional Demands in China： A Large-Scale Investigation across Occupations

As the Chinese economy moves toward a market-based model, employees are likely to face more emotional demands and exhaustion at work. However, there are some unique aspects to the emotional demands of work in the Chinese cultural context. We investigate emotional demands and exhaustion in China with a large-scale sample across the six major occupations identified by the Holland classification system. Results show that incumbents of social and enterprising jobs face higher emotional demands. Unexpectedly, exhaustion differs significantly between conventional and other types of jobs. Building on the Job Demand-Resources （JD-R） model, job crafting and the cultural context, we propose that the nonlinear relationship of emotional demands and exhaustion exists only when emotional intelligence is low. Our study may inform practitioners and policy makers in Chinese enterprises about emotional demands and exhaustion for various occupations and the importance of selection and training programs in emotional intelligence.

医生工作资源对工作要求与职业倦怠关系的调节作用

目的探究工作要求和医生职业倦怠的关系,以及工作资源在二者关系中的调节作用,为医生职业倦怠的干预提供一定借鉴。方法 2012年底使用改编的医生职业倦怠量表和工作要求-资源量表,对全国10地区510名医生进行测查。结果医生整体工作要求与职业倦怠三维度(情绪衰竭、去人性化、低个人成就感)均呈显著正相关(r=0.33,0.36;P<0.001;r=0.18,P<0.01),医生工作协调性要求、工作强度要求与去人性化呈显著正相关(r=0.21,0.20;P<0.001),医生工作强度要求、知识技能要求与医生低成就感呈显著正相关(r=0.12,P<0.01;r=0.23,P<0.001)。医生工作自主性与情绪衰竭、与去人性化呈显著负相关(r=-0.20,P<0.001;r=-0.10,P<0.05),社会支持与职业倦怠三维度呈显著负相关(r=-0.21,-0.22;P<0.001;r=-0.13,P<0.01)。工作自主性对工作协调性要求与去人性化有正向调节作用(β=0.114;P<0.05),社会支持对工作协调性要求、工作强度要求与医生去人性化有负向调节作用(β=-0.104,-0.102;P<0.05),社会支持对工作强度要求、知识技能要求与低成就感有负向调节作用(β=-0.146,-0.149;P<0.01)。结论在我国医生群体的职业倦怠现象较为普遍,本研究发现工作资源对工作要求与医生职业倦怠具有调节作用,为医生职业倦怠的干预措施和手段提供了一定理论依据。