Operation optimization strategy of existing residential building energy-saving renovation market:From the perspective of subject behavior

The energy-saving renovation of existing residential buildings is a crucial measure to achieve the strategic goal of energy conservation and emission reduction in China and build ecologically livable cities.This article focuses on the perspective of subject behavior,starting from analyzing the current situation and difficulties of the operation of the energy-saving renovation market for existing residential buildings in China,drawing on the practical experience of the operation of the existing residential building energy-saving renovation market abroad.Based on principles such as systematicity,humanization,feasibility,and sustainability,the article constructs an operation optimization system of the existing residential building energy-saving renovation market from the perspective of subject behavior.In order to provide a reference for the healthy and orderly operation of the existing residential building energy-saving renovation market,this paper proposes implementation strategies for optimizing the operation of the existing residential building energy-saving renovation market.Suggestions are proposed from four aspects:optimizing the market environment,innovating the financing model,building the information sharing platform,and utilizing the synergies of the main subjects.

Multi-subject and multi-objective integrated optimization system and implementation strategy for energy-saving renovation of the existing residential buildings

The core of the healthy and orderly operation of the existing residential building energy-saving renovation market lies in the exploration of the implementation mechanism of multi-subject and multi-objective integrated optimization.The multi-agent and multi-objective integrated optimization system framework is a powerful tool to guide the scientific decision-making of the market core structural entities in the future market practice. This paper analyzes the practical dilemma of energy-saving renovation of theexisting residential buildings in China, summarizes the practical experience of multi-subject and multi-objective integrated optimization of energy-saving renovation of the existing residential buildings in foreign countries, and puts forward beneficial practical enlightenment on the basis of comparison at home and abroad;The design principles of the target integrated optimization system have established a multi-subject and multi-objective integrated optimization system framework for the energy-saving renovation of the existing residential buildings, from six aspects: government guidance, trust consensus, value co-creation, risk sharing, revenue sharing, and social responsibility sharing. This paper proposes a multi-subject and multi-objective integrated practice strategy, in order to promote the efficient and orderly development of China's existing residential building energy-saving renovation market.

Influence of Horizontal Flow on Atrium in High-Rise Residential Building

In this study a 10-storied residential building model was employed to clarify the ventilation characteristics of the atrium and the rooms,which were effected by the different forms of lateral openings.The experiment was conducted under the combined effect of wind force and thermal buoyancy,and the similarity requirements were satisfied.The results have shown that the different forms of lateral openings cause the different ventilation effect of the building,and also have some certain regularity.The conclusions provide a theoretical foundation for how to use the ventilation of atrium better in high-rise residential building.

High-Rise Residential Reinforced Concrete Building Optimisation

In the last few decades structure optimisation has become a main task in a civil engineering project. As a matter of fact, due to the complexity and particularity of every structure, the great amount of variables and design criteria to considerate and many other factors, a general optimisation’s method is not simple to formulate. As a result, this paper focuses on how to provide a successful optimisation method for a particular building type, high-rise reinforced concrete buildings. The optimization method is based on decomposition of the main structure into substructures: floor system, vertical load resisting system, lateral load resisting system and foundation system;then each of the subsystems using the design criteria established at the building codes is improved. Due to the effect of the superstructure optimisation on the foundation system, vertical and lateral load resisting system is the last to be considered after the improvement of floor. Finally, as a case example, using the method explained in the paper, a 30-story-high high-rise residential building complex is analysed and optimised, achieving good results in terms of structural behaviour and diminishing the overall cost of the structure.

The mathematical model of kitchen smoke exhaust system in high-rise residential buildings considering the Influence of Stack effect

In high-rise buildings with large indoor and outdoor temperature difference,neglecting the effect of stack effect in smoke exhaust shafts may cause calculation error of the fluid network model.In this paper,the mathematical model of kitchen smoke exhaust system considering the influence of stack effect was put forward and it can be inserted different range hood sub-models.Compared with the results of six working conditions of the model without considering the stack effect,the error of the proposed model were reduced by 7.6%,4.3%,4.1%,2.8%,2.4%,and 2.1%.While the indoor and outdoor temperature difference varies from−5℃ to 49℃,the effect of stack effect on the pressure in the flue and the flow rate for each user was studied for six operating rates s.The results show that under the combined effect of stack effect and flue resistance,the static pressure of the kitchen smoke exhaust system showed a low-high-low distribution,and the maximum static pressure in the flue moved toward the bottom with the increase of temperature difference.User flow rates exhibit a low-high-low-high distribution,with an increased flow rate in the bottom users and the largest flow rate in the top users.

Impact of window and air-conditioner operation behaviour on cooling load in high-rise residential buildings

Space cooling is an important building energy end-use that was found in recent years to be significantly impacted by occupant behaviours.However,the majority of previous studies ignored the interplay between the operation of windows and air conditioners(ACs)on cooling load,particularly in building energy modelling.In addition,studies on the analysis of cooling load characteristics regarding high-rise buildings are insufficient.The vertical effect of high-rise buildings on cooling load remains vague.This study thus aims to examine how window and AC operation behaviours impact the cooling load of high-rise buildings in an urban context demonstrated by a real-life typical 40-floor residential building in Hong Kong.This study investigates window and AC operation behaviours jointly and examines the vertical effect on cooling load by using agent-based building energy modelling(BEM)techniques and initiating stochastic and diverse behaviour modes.A carefully designed questionnaire survey was conducted to help build behaviour modes and validate energy models.Ninety building energy models were established integrating meteorological parameters generated by the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)programme for ten typical floors and nine combinations of window and AC behaviour modes.The results show that comfort-based AC modes and schedule-based window modes yielded the lowest cooling load.Considering the combined effect of AC and window uses,the maximum difference in cooling loads could be 26.8%.Behaviour modes and building height induce up to 32.4%differences in cooling loads.Besides,a deviation between the behaviour modes and height on the cooling load was found.The findings will help develop a thorough energy model inferring occupants’window and AC behaviour modes along with the building height in high-rise residential buildings.The findings indicate that the interaction impact of window and AC behaviour modes and height should be jointly considered in future high-rise building energy modelling,building energy standards,and policymaking.

Resident's Floor Level Preference in High-Rise Residential Buildings in China:A Case Study of Shijiazhuang City,Hebei Province

With the constant advance of global urbanization and aggravation of urban construction land scarcity,high-rise residential buildings have become one of the main carriers of urban residential function on account of both land saving and large housing requirement.However,relevant studies on consumers' floor selection preference in high-rise residential buildings,regarding what inherent and regular features and causes it has,are still insufficient,despite that related issues have important practical significance for real estate developers and designers' decision making in terms of dwelling size ratio,floor area,indoor layout,and so on.This study,based on systematic examination of existing domestic and international researches,seeks to make empirical tests and generalization on the above issues from the aspect of "utility function"(safety,comfortableness,accessibility and economic efficiency) of the living environment that impacted by different floor levels,and floor selection features regarding consumers' social and family structure attributes,as well as the intrinsic correlation between them.The results show the existence of floor level preference in high-rise residential buildings.Its essence is a personalized characterization of consumers' social and family structures' attributes in selecting the "utility function" of the living environment,as the preference value differs under various attributes including gender,age,income,family members and others.

Discussion on the Application of an Interlayer Ventilation Channel in Buildings

Good natural ventilation is the basic function of residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter areas. The intensive use of urban land makes high-rise residential units adopt a large number of multi-household layouts, and the middle households are often difficult to penetrate from north and south, and the natural ventilation effect is not good. The application of a utility model patent "building interlayer ventilation channel" can improve this situation. This paper mainly introduced the basic form and functional characteristics of the patent, and discussed its advantages in detail.

我国既有多层住宅加装电梯费用分摊的合作博弈模型及其公理化刻画

本文结合我国当前城市既有多层住宅加装电梯费用分摊问题的实际,引入了具有联盟结构的赋权合作博弈模型。在该类博弈中,参与者将依据现实情况进行结盟,形成所谓的“优先联盟”。在此基础上,提出了被称为权分值的分摊规则,并证明了它可以由可加性、联盟内比例对称性、联盟间比例对称性和空化参与者性四个公理唯一确定。作为这个合作博弈模型的应用,本文将我国城市既有多层住宅加装电梯费用分摊问题可归结为具有联盟结构的赋权合作博弈模型,其中业主为参与者,而每一层的参与者们可看作一个优先联盟。当取适当的权值时,该分摊规则涵盖了我国大部分城市出台的既有多层住宅加装电梯业主费用分摊的指导标准,这为这些标准的完善、推广和实施提供了合理的理论依据。

既有住宅维修管理探究——以日本公寓维修管理制度为例

文章首先聚焦日本公寓维修管理制度,系统阐释日本公寓长期维修计划的特点以及保障措施,重点分析日本公寓屋顶防水、外墙维护、门窗更换等16个标准维修项目的维修周期及其影响因素;其次,着重介绍无障碍、节能、环保、安全防范、便利性方面的升级改造项目,明确列出日本公寓维修准备金的计算与调整方法,以及多种交存方式;最后,归纳总结日本公寓管理计划的审核制度的参与主体和流程。上述日本在公寓维修方面的规定和经验,对完善我国既有住宅的维修管理技术体系和维修资金制度有一定的借鉴意义。

基于十年前后能耗调研的长沙地区既有住宅节能改造策略研究

长沙地区既有住宅节能改造存在居民改造意愿不强、节能改造效果不明显等问题。分别于2008年、2009年和2019年、2020年调研了湖南大学周边近35栋住宅的围护结构、家电情况与400余户居民终端用电量,采用K-means聚类法将总用电量、采暖、制冷、生活用电量分别进行聚类并计算界限值、平均值等参数,进而分析十年前后居民用电量变化规律,提出改善室内热环境与减少制冷能耗为该地区既有住宅节能改造的重要目标。对既有住宅用电量进行宏观情景预测,论证了既有住宅建筑围护结构节能改造的必要性,分析节能改造意愿不强的原因,结合目前改造现状提出适宜的相关策略。对同等气候区既有住宅节能改造具有一定参考价值。

夏热冬暖地区住宅建筑运行阶段碳排放分析

随着“双碳”目标的提出,国家对建筑业的碳排放提出了更高的要求。由于住宅建筑的碳排放量占整个建筑业的48%左右,因此其相关研究对于我国“双碳”目标的实现以及人民生活和社会发展有着重要的现实意义。以夏热冬暖地区住宅小区调查数据为基础,分析影响住宅建筑碳排放的主要因素,并采用SPSS 25对碳排放数据进行偏相关分析和岭回归分析,建立夏热冬暖地区住宅建筑运行阶段碳排放的回归模型。结果表明:回归方程预测得出的小区住宅年平均碳排取量与实测数值差值为3.4%;夏热冬暖地区住宅建筑运行阶段对碳排放影响最大的是户内人口数,其次是建筑面积,建筑朝向对碳排放的影响较小;在过渡季节住宅建筑碳排放量相对较低,炎热的夏季是夏热冬暖地区碳排放的高峰。对夏热冬暖地区住宅建筑碳排放现状的研究可为该区域住宅建筑提供设计方案和运行指导,同时也可为该区域住宅建筑碳排放评估提供参考依据。

装配式装修赋能既有住宅全生命周期改造——“好房子”可持续发展路径探索

随着城市化进程加速,既有住宅改造成为提升居民生活品质的重要途径。装配式装修技术以高效、环保、质量可控等优点,为既有住宅全生命周期改造提供了新思路。结合装配式装修技术在既有住宅全生命周期改造中的应用,总结功能提升、结构加固、环境改善等方面的优势,提出“好房子”可持续发展路径,推动我国住宅建设现代化、绿色化转型升级。

既有住宅适老化改造设计探析

在中国社会人口老龄化程度渐趋加深背景下,以对老年人居家养老生活的细致观察与真切体认为基础,开展既有住宅户内空间和公共空间的适老化改造设计要点的分析与研究,从而提出改造的目标与方法,并分享微型公寓实例的适老化设计策略,以期确立既有住宅适老化改造的正确认知和实践指引。

城镇老旧小区建筑安全性鉴定关键技术及应用

文章研究了城镇老旧小区安全性鉴定关键技术,包括安全性鉴定评估执行标准的变化要求、私自拆改墙体房屋鉴定、加层建筑鉴定和基坑变形或地基基础沉降导致相邻房屋受损鉴定4个方面。以南京市建邺区某小区住宅为例,按照分构件、子系统和系统3个层次对该住宅的安全性能进行鉴定评估,根据各子单元的安全性等级评估结果,并取其中较低等级作为其安全性等级,该房屋安全性等级评定为Dsu级,严重影响整体承载,需要对原结构进行结构加固。

既有住宅加装电梯现状及问题分析

本文基于国内既有住宅加装电梯工作开展的背景情况和实施现状,认真分析了国家及各省市关于既有住宅加装电梯方面的现有政策法规、标准规范和关键工程技术,并指出在上述方面尚存在的具体问题和不足。同时,在标准规范编制、工程技术研究、资金筹措方式和邻里矛盾调解方面提出具体建议,可为既有住宅加装电梯技术的进一步研究和加装电梯工作的具体实施提供借鉴。

寒冷B区既有住宅建筑节能改造经济性与碳减排效果分析

对寒冷B区既有住宅建筑的围护结构(外墙、屋顶、户门、外窗)进行节能改造,通过实例构建建筑模型,分析节能改造后的建筑能耗、经济效果和碳减排效果。结果表明:节能改造后的建筑能耗显著降低,节能效果提高,建筑运行阶段的碳减排效果显著。

既有住宅加装电梯制度的法理分析与完善路径

既有住宅加装电梯是一项惠民工程,但各区域开工建设以来,业主间矛盾时有发生。一些政府部门仅依靠2/3或2/3加3/4多数表决同意规则开展加装电梯工作,属于错误地理解和适用了法律,破坏了法律对私权利的平等保护,在很大程度上影响了政府部门依法行政的形象。既有住宅加装电梯的本质内涵是对业主共有部分的处分行为,应当征求楼幢全体业主意见,以“协商一致同意”原则为工作开展的前提。社区、业主委员会、建设单位、调解组织等应当主动参与加装电梯意向及具体方案等问题的充分协商。同时,还应当做到土地、规划、消防、安全监督管理部门不缺位。

我国既有居住建筑节能改造形势探析

我国既有居住建筑非节能比例较高、存量较大,蕴藏着巨大的节能空间和潜力。随着我国建筑逐步迈入存量时代,对非节能住宅进行节能改造的紧迫性和重要性愈加凸显。双碳战略背景下,通过节能改造来减少高能耗建筑将是一条必由之路。当前我国既有居住建筑节能改造稳步推进,发展较快,但面临着存量大、发展不平衡等诸多情况,且在落实环节存在着政策机制、群众观念、基层单位和社会服务机构准备不足的短板弱项,需要突出节能改造的重点,使有限投入发挥最大的节能效益;需要创新激励机制,使广泛的社会资源进入到既有住宅节能改造的市场中来;需要加强资金筹措,改变单纯依靠政府投资的局面。

北方地区既有居住建筑外围护结构节能改造分析

以山西省太原市某既有居住建筑为例,按照山西省居住建筑现行75%节能标准中对围护结构传热系数限值的要求进行建筑外围护结构节能改造,采用能效模拟软件,给出屋面、外墙、外窗改造不同组合方式下的建筑能效提升率,同时分析不同改造方式下建筑能效提升对大气环境中CO_(2),SO_(2),NO_(X)及粉尘排放的影响,结果表明:在对既有居住建筑外围护结构中的屋面、外墙、外窗进行单项节能改造时,首选对外墙进行节能改造;进行两两组合式双项节能改造时,不同改造方式均可以满足节能改造能效提升水平为50%的要求;屋面、外墙、外窗均进行节能改造时,可以满足采暖节能改造能效提升水平为75%的要求。