The prediction of the behavior of people in a disaster has a useful role to play in the design of urban structures such as department stores, schools, and office buildings. We focus on using emergency exit signs to ef...The prediction of the behavior of people in a disaster has a useful role to play in the design of urban structures such as department stores, schools, and office buildings. We focus on using emergency exit signs to effectively guide the evacuation of people on a floor with a dynamically changing layout. A multi-agent simulation is developed to simulate the behavior of evacuees on a floor. A mathematical model is constructed to obtain optimal sign locations to efficiently assist evacuation under the condition that obstacles are dynamically generated on the floor. The optimal sign locations are calculated by the mathematical model. Then, the developed simulation is performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the emergency exit signs and the behavior of evacuees on simple layout models using the calculated optimal sign locations.展开更多
Pedestrian flow through narrow exits is one the most important features of crowd dynamics and evacuation.This is a particularly important aspect of pedestrian simulation models in that the accuracy is highly dependent...Pedestrian flow through narrow exits is one the most important features of crowd dynamics and evacuation.This is a particularly important aspect of pedestrian simulation models in that the accuracy is highly dependent on their ability to produce realistic exit flow rates.We firstly identified the four parameters that are most critical for physical interactions of the social force model and then calibrated them against two well-controlled pedestrian experiments.With these calibrated parameters,we discussed the reasonable settings of sensitive parameters for different levels of pedestrian competitiveness.Then,we revisited the basic questions about the effect of the exit location,the bottleneck length,and the effect of obstacles on pedestrian egress.Our simulation results indicated that:(1)The effect of the exit location on the pedestrian egress efficiency is uncertain,and the evacuation efficiency is also related to the exit width and the level of urgency.(2)The"pass-way"after the exit also named as the bottleneck length has a negative impact on the evacuation performance only in the scenarios that the bottleneck length is not more than 2.0 meters.When the bottleneck length exceeds 2.0 meters,pedestrian outflow efficiency reaches an asymptotic.(3)Setting an obstacle near an exit is not leading to a longer pedestrian evacuation time,instead,it is effectively improving pedestrian evacuation.展开更多
文摘The prediction of the behavior of people in a disaster has a useful role to play in the design of urban structures such as department stores, schools, and office buildings. We focus on using emergency exit signs to effectively guide the evacuation of people on a floor with a dynamically changing layout. A multi-agent simulation is developed to simulate the behavior of evacuees on a floor. A mathematical model is constructed to obtain optimal sign locations to efficiently assist evacuation under the condition that obstacles are dynamically generated on the floor. The optimal sign locations are calculated by the mathematical model. Then, the developed simulation is performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the emergency exit signs and the behavior of evacuees on simple layout models using the calculated optimal sign locations.
基金The research was supported from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71871189,No.72104205,and No.71974161)the Science and Technology Development Funds of Sichuan Province(No.2020YFS0291)the Open Research Fund of SKLFS(No.HZ2019-KF14),China Scholarship Council,and the transportation research group at The University of Melbourne.
文摘Pedestrian flow through narrow exits is one the most important features of crowd dynamics and evacuation.This is a particularly important aspect of pedestrian simulation models in that the accuracy is highly dependent on their ability to produce realistic exit flow rates.We firstly identified the four parameters that are most critical for physical interactions of the social force model and then calibrated them against two well-controlled pedestrian experiments.With these calibrated parameters,we discussed the reasonable settings of sensitive parameters for different levels of pedestrian competitiveness.Then,we revisited the basic questions about the effect of the exit location,the bottleneck length,and the effect of obstacles on pedestrian egress.Our simulation results indicated that:(1)The effect of the exit location on the pedestrian egress efficiency is uncertain,and the evacuation efficiency is also related to the exit width and the level of urgency.(2)The"pass-way"after the exit also named as the bottleneck length has a negative impact on the evacuation performance only in the scenarios that the bottleneck length is not more than 2.0 meters.When the bottleneck length exceeds 2.0 meters,pedestrian outflow efficiency reaches an asymptotic.(3)Setting an obstacle near an exit is not leading to a longer pedestrian evacuation time,instead,it is effectively improving pedestrian evacuation.
