基层考核“口袋效应”的形成、风险与规制——基于督考权扩张的分析

作为一种容易被忽视的隐性现象,政府考核“口袋效应”在基层减负进程中应得到充分重视,考核“口袋效应”的负面风险在一定意义上构成基层减负实效反弹的关键性因素。基于督考权扩张的理论视角,围绕督考权“价值性和工具性”、“权利性和义务性”与“强制性和公利性”的解释框架,基层政府考核“口袋效应”的形成逻辑可归结为“条件—环境—推力—塑形”过程,其负面风险表现为引致基层加压式考核泛滥、背离督查考核的制度初衷、陷入基层减负矛盾的循环、侵蚀政府权力均衡的基础。为防范基层考核“口袋效应”演变为督查检查考核泛滥,需要从系统性规制考核“口袋效应”着手,实现基层督考价值取向的转型、理顺基层治理权责利结构关系、规范控制督考权的边界和限度、提升督考实践应用的转化能力、构建基层督考的申诉救济机制,从而扎实有效保障基层减负进展及推进基层治理现代化进程。

Approximate Nonlinear Modeling of Aircraft Engine Surge Margin Based on Equilibrium Manifold Expansion

Stable operation of aircraft engine compressions is constrained by rotating surge. In this paper, an approximate nonlinear surge margin model of aircraft engine compression system by using equilibrium manifold is presented. Firstly, this paper gives an overview of the current state of modeling aerodynamic flow instabilities in engine compressors. Secondly, the expansion form of equilibrium manifold is introduced, and the choosing scheduling variable method is discussed. Then, this paper also gives the identification procedure of modeling the approximate nonlinear model. Finally, the modeling and simulations with high pressure （liP） compressor surge margin of the aircraft engine show that this real-time model has the same accuracy with the thermody- namic model, but has simpler structure and shorter computation time.