Preparation of Expanded Graphite-based Composites by One Step Impregnation

A new method for preparing expanded graphite-based composites （EGCs） was developed.The obtained samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）,transmission electron microscope （TEM） and nitrogen adsorption.The experimental results indicated that the EGCs was not simply mechanical mixture of EG and activated carbon,instead the activated carbon was coated on the surface of interior and external pores of the EG in the form of thin carbon layer.The thickness of the activated carbon layer was nearly one hundred nanometers by calculation.It was shown that the higher the impregnation ratio and the activation temperature were,the easier the porosity development would be.And the BET surface area and the total pore volume were as high as 1978 m2/g and 0.9917 cm3/g respectively at 350℃ with an impregnation ratio of 0.9.

Comparison on Thermal Conductivity and Permeability of Granular and Consolidated Activated Carbon for Refrigeration

This paper focuses on the development of three types of activated carbon （AC） adsorbents, i.e. granular AC, consolidated AC with chemical binder, and consolidated AC with expanded natural graphite （ENG）. Their thermal conductivity was investigated with the steady-state heat source method and the permeability was tested with nitrogen as the gas source. Results show that the thermal conductivity of granular AC with different sizes al-most maintains a constant at 0.36 W-（m.K）-＇, while the value modestly increases to 0.40 W.（m.K）-＇ for the con- solidated AC with chemical binder. The consolidated AC with ENG at the density of 600 kg. m-3 shows the best heat transfer performance and their thermal conductivity vary from 2.08 W-（m.K）- to 2.61 W. （m.K）-1 according toits fraction of AC. However, the granular AC and consolidated AC with chemical binder show the better permeabil- ity performance than consolidated AC with ENG binder whose permeability changes from 6.98x10-13 m2 to 5.16x10TM m2 and the maximum occurs when the content of AC reaches 71.4% （by mass）. According to the differ- ent thermal properties, the refrigeration application of three types of adsorbents is analyzed.

Novel Nanosized Adsorbing Composite Cathode Materials for the Next Generational Lithium Battery

A novel carbon-sulfur nano-composite material was synthesized by heating sublimed sulfur and high surface area activated carbon （HSAAC） under certain conditions. The physical and chemical per- formances of the novel carbon-sulfur nano-composite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The electrochemical performances of nano-composite were characterized by charge-discharge characteristic, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impendence spectroscopy （EIS）. The experimental results indicate that the electrochemical capability of nano- composite material was superior to that of traditional S-containing composite material. The cathode made by carbon-sulfur nano-composite material shows a good cycle ability and a high specific charge-discharge capacity. The HSAAC shows a vital role in adsorbing sublimed sulfur and the polysulfides within the cathode and is an excellent electric conductor for a sulfur cathode and prevents the shuttle behavior of the lithium-sulfur battery.

Efficient photoreduction strategy for uranium immobilization based on graphite carbon nitride/activated carbon nanocomposites

Uranium removal from aqueous solutions using environmentally friendly photocatalytic technology is a novel approach for resource recovery.Herein,carbon nitride/activated carbon composite materials(CN/AC)were investigated for U(Ⅵ)reduction under visible light.An exceptional boost in photocatalytic activity was observed for CN/AC composites(up to 70 times over the conventional bulk g-C_(3)N_(4)).The strong interactive conjugatedπ-bond structure between g-C_(3)N_(4) and AC accelerated the migration of carriers and then prolonged the electron lifetime.CN/AC composites exhibited excellent compatibility with different water substrates and were resilience to a wide range of p H changes and abundant competitive anions/cations.Quenching experiments and electron microscopy characterization indicated that U(VI)was reduced by photogenerated electrons and deposited on the edge of CN/AC composites.The low-cost,high-performance carbon-based composite material proposed in this work is a potential candidate for the efficient treatment of radioactive wastewater.

Characterization and adsorption behavior of a novel triolein-embedded activated carbon composite adsorbent

A novel triolein-embedded activated carbon composite adsorbent was developed. Experiments were car-ried out in areas such as the preparation method, the char-acterization of physicochemical properties, and the adsorp-tion behavior of the composite adsorbent in removing diel-drin from aqueous solution. Results suggested that the novel composite adsorbent was composed of the supporting acti-vated carbon and the surrounding triolein-embedded cellu-lose acetate membrane. The adsorbent was stable in water, for no triolein leakage was detected after soaking the ad-sorbent for five weeks. The adsorbent had good adsorption capability to dieldrin, which was indicated by a residual di-eldrin concentration of 0.204 μg·L?1. The removal efficiency of the composite adsorbent was higher than the traditional activated carbon adsorbent.

添加膨胀石墨的二十二烷-十二醇复合定形相变材料的性能研究

针对于太阳能PV/T系统相变材料热导率低、易泄漏的问题,本工作制备了二十二烷-十二醇/膨胀石墨复合定形相变材料并对其性能进行实验研究。本工作首先按照6∶4的比例制备了二十二烷-十二醇相变材料,然后采用熔融共混法制备了一系列膨胀石墨含量不同的复合定形相变材料。实验借助场发射扫描电子显微镜观察其微观结构,利用热流型差示扫描量热仪、热导率测量仪等仪器测量其潜热、热导率等参数,研究了材料的物理相容性、吸附性、循环稳定性,探究了膨胀石墨和二十二烷-十二醇的最佳配比及其各项性能。结果表明,当膨胀石墨质量分数为15%时,复合定形相变材料性能最佳,此时膨胀石墨足以将相变材料吸附,渗漏率仅为3.85%且无明显渗出,其熔化和凝固相变潜热分别为203.8 kJ/kg和-196.6 kJ/kg;在经过50次冷热循环后,其相变温度及潜热变化较小,热导率基本保持稳定,波动幅度仅为5.9%,质量损失较少,仅为0.0495 g,表现出良好的循环稳定性。研究为后续定形相变材料在太阳能PV/T系统中的应用提供理论数据支撑。

Adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution by a hierarchical micro-nano porous carbon material

A hierarchical micro-nano porous carbon material (MNC) was prepared using expanded graphite (EG), sucrose, and phosphoric acid as raw materials, followed by sucrose-phosphoric acid solution impregnation, solidification, carbonization and activation. Nitrogen adsorption and mercury porosimetry show that mixed nanopores and micropores coexist in MNC with a high specific surface area of 1978 m2·g-1 and a total pore volume of 0.99 cm3·g-1. In addition, the MNC is found to consist of EG and activated carbon with the latter deposited on the interior and the exterior surfaces of the EG pores. The thickness of the activated carbon layer is calculated to be about one hundred nanometers and is further confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission election microscope (TEM). A maximum static phenol adsorption of 241.2 mg·g-1 was obtained by using MNC, slightly higher than that of 220.4 mg·g-1 by using commercial activated carbon (CAC). The phenol adsorption kinetics were investigated and the data fitted well to a pseudo-second-order model. Also, an intra-particle diffusion mechanism was proposed. Furthermore, it is found that the dynamic adsorption capacity of MNC is nearly three times that of CAC. The results suggest that the MNC is a more efficient adsorbent than CAC for the removal of phenol from aqueous solution.

Preparation of composite adsorbent with high performance of heat and mass transfer

To develop a new composite adsorbent with high performance,fir sawdust and CaCl2are selected as raw materials.The mass transfer is enhanced by carbonizing and activating the sawdust and heat transfer is enhanced by adding expanded graphite into the adsorbent.The effect of the preparation temperature and the expanded graphite content on the adsorption performance is investigated.The results show that the new adsorbent exhibits a high adsorption performance due to its high porosity,uniform distribution and high content of CaCl2and high thermal conductivity.Also,the experimental results indicate that the rate of ammonia adsorption on the adsorbent depends on the expanded graphite content and the carbonization and activation temperature.The adsorbent prepared at 500°C and with the expanded graphite content of 30%has the best performance in terms of the adsorption refrigeration,which adsorbs ammonia as high as 0.37 g g 1at 10 min.

膨胀石墨/多壁碳纳米管基共晶盐复合相变材料的制备及热特性

单一水合盐作为相变蓄热材料使用时常常由于过冷、相分离、易泄漏以及其相变温度而受到限制,因此迫切需要制备出一种储热密度高、相变温度适宜、热导率大的复合相变材料。本工作采用熔融共混法在NH_(4)Al(SO_(4))_(2)·12H_(2)O(AASD)中掺入不同质量分数的MgSO_(4)·7H_(2)O(MSH),成功制备了AASD-MSH共晶盐相变材料,其质量比为55∶45,相变温度为76.4℃,相变潜热为189.4 J/g。共晶盐的X射线衍射图谱和傅里叶红外光谱表明其为物理混合。引入质量分数1%成核剂CaCl_(2)·2H_(2)O及1%增稠剂可溶性淀粉降低共晶盐过冷度,过冷度从34.9℃降低至28.0℃。引入改性膨胀石墨(MEG)与多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)制备复合相变材料,改善共晶盐易泄漏及热导率低等问题,当MWCNTs质量分数为0.5%时,复合相变材料的热导率高达8.185 W/(m·K),为共晶盐的19.98倍,其中共晶盐占比为75.6%,相变温度为74.3℃,相变焓值为133.5 J/g,过冷度进一步降低至22.2℃。热重实验表明与MEG-MWCNTs的复合增加了共晶盐的热稳定性,且经过100次冷热循环后复合相变材料的相变焓值基本不变,具有良好的循环稳定性。本工作制备得到的AASD-MSH/MEG-MWCNTs复合相变材料是一种相变温度适合、相变焓值较高、热导率较大的相变材料,且具有良好的热循环稳定性,应用潜力极大。

CuO-modified activated carbon for the improvement of toluene removal in air

We used an impregnation method to prepare CuO/AC(activated carbon) composite materials of different CuO content and characterized them via scanning electron microscope(SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).The effect of CuO content on toluene adsorption/desorption was evaluated.We explored the reusability of AC and AC03(CuO modified AC with CuO loading 0.3 wt.%) adsorbents via toluene adsorption/desorption cycle testing.We used quasi-firstand quasi-second-order models, the Bangham model, and the Weber–Morris model to fit the toluene adsorption data.The introduction of CuO species evidently improved the adsorption performance of activated carbon toward toluene.The CuO content markedly affected the specific surface area, CuO dispersal, the numbers of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface, and adsorption performance of the prepared composite adsorbents.Low CuO content was not favorable for the formation of active adsorption sites,while high content greatly reduced the specific surface area, and even covered active adsorption sites.The toluene adsorption performance varied in the order AC03 > AC02 >AC05 > AC08 > AC01(AC03, AC02, AC05, AC08 and AC01 are CuO modifying AC with CuO loading 0.3, 0.2, 0.5 0.8 and 0.1 wt.%, respectively).The breakthrough time and toluene adsorption capacity of the AC03 composite adsorbent were 94 min and 701.8 mg/g,respectively, and the recycling efficiency was 92.8% after thermal desorption at 200°C.The adsorption process was best described by the Bangham model and adsorption could be divided into three stages.

活性炭/膨胀石墨固化混合吸附剂导热和渗透性能测试

为了提高活性炭吸附剂的传热性能,同时不影响其传质特性,选择6种不同粒径的活性炭吸附剂,并按5种比例制备了活性炭/膨胀石墨固化混合吸附剂,采用稳态法,对样品进行了导热系数、渗透率的性能测试.研究表明:在600 kg/m3的密度下,不同粒径活性炭吸附剂导热系数基本维持在0.36 W/(m.K)的恒定值,渗透率随着粒径的增大而增大;活性炭/膨胀石墨固化混合吸附剂的导热系数最高可达2.61 W/(m.K);随着活性炭比例的升高,导热系数逐渐减小,渗透率逐渐增大;当活性炭比例达到最大的71.4%(2.5∶1.0)时,导热系数为2.08 W/(m.K)、渗透率为51.6μm2,相比颗粒状活性炭,其导热系数提高了5.6倍.

炭材料用作电吸附剂的研究与进展

电吸附剂的研究是开发电吸附技术的关键环节之一。通过评述石墨、颗粒活性炭、活性炭纤维和炭气凝胶四种炭材料作为电吸附剂的研究与进展,不难看出:炭材料的确是一种很有优势和前景的电吸附剂材料,它在去除有机污染物和无机盐(离子)方面都显示了巨大的潜力。因此在开发研究电吸附技术的进程中,不断开发多种炭材料电吸附剂是十分重要而又非常必要的。

碳纤维/石蜡/膨胀石墨复合相变材料的制备及强化传热研究

以石蜡为相变材料,膨胀石墨为载体,碳纤维为强化传热介质,利用膨胀石墨对石蜡良好的吸附性及碳纤维高的导热性,制备了碳纤维/石蜡/膨胀石墨复合相变材料。采用扫描电镜、差示扫描量热仪、温度巡检仪对制备的碳纤维/石蜡/膨胀石墨复合相变材料热性能进行了测试和表征。实验结果表明,添加了碳纤维的石蜡/膨胀石墨复合相变材料的相变潜热随石蜡含量的降低而减小,随碳纤维含量的增加复合相变材料的相变温度略有降低,相变提前发生,随碳纤维含量的增加复合相变材料的导热性能大幅度提高。

煤矸石制备活性炭-沸石复合材料的研究

研究了由煤矸石制备活性炭-沸石分子筛复合材料的方法.首先在高温氮气气氛中活化由K2CO3浸渍过的煤矸石,使其中的碳质转化为活性炭,然后将其置于NaOH溶液中,使其中的硅铝氧化物晶化为沸石分子筛.讨论了活化和晶化两过程中各种条件对材料合成的影响,并用XRD和N2吸附对该复合材料进行了表征,对水和正己烷的吸附性能进行了测试.结果表明,该复合材料不仅具有微孔和中孔的复合孔结构特征,而且具有亲水和亲油的吸附特征.

固体吸附式制冷中强化吸附剂导热性能的研究

通过添加膨胀石墨并固结成型使吸附剂及复合吸附剂的导热系数有了较大提高,并测定了几种吸附剂的导热系数,分析了膨胀石墨所具有的特性是使其成为合适的添加剂的原因。

轻质碳材料及其复合物在固体推进剂中的应用研究进展

从催化固体推进剂组分、调节推进剂燃烧性能等方面综述了轻质碳材料及其复合物在推进剂中的应用研究进展,分析了富勒烯、氧化石墨烯、碳纳米管等碳材料及其复合物对推进剂组分热分解的不同催化效果及对推进剂燃烧性能的调节作用。介绍了活性炭纤维、石墨等在推进剂制造、废旧推进剂处理等方面应用的研究进展,指出了今后轻质碳材料在固体推进剂中应用的重点研究方向。附参考文献40篇。

新型复合吸附剂传热性能的强化

以氯化钙和杉木屑为原料,通过炭化活化的方法制备具有发达孔隙结构的吸附剂,然后加入膨胀石墨以强化吸附剂的传热性能。石墨的含量从0%到50%变化,通过氨吸附性能实验考察石墨含量对吸附量和吸附速率的影响。实验结果表明,在四个小时内,复合吸附剂对氨气的吸附量随着膨胀石墨含量的增加而减小,吸附速率随膨胀石墨含量的增加先增加后减小,而导热系数随膨胀石墨含量的增加单调的增加。对吸附制冷而言,膨胀石墨含量为30%的复合吸附剂具有最佳性能,其导热系数达到0.193W/(m.K),吸附时间为15min时对应的吸附量达到0.431g/g。

膨胀石墨对汽油吸附特性研究

以膨胀石墨和活性炭为吸附剂,汽油为吸附质,设计吸油实验,让吸附质通过装有吸附剂的吸附管柱,测定膨胀石墨的吸附性能及其再生处理方法对吸附性能的影响.实验结果表明：吸附重量比与石墨目数的关系是膨胀石墨的石墨目数越大,对油的吸附性能越强;吸附量与汽油辛烷值之间的关系是辛烷值越小,其吸油量越大;膨胀石墨再生处理方法中,真空抽滤法是一种经济、安全、有效的再生方法,可以用于油的回收及膨胀石墨的再生利用;膨胀石墨的吸油量比活性炭的吸附量高13倍左右.

ABS/EG/碳纤维复合导电材料制备与性能

利用硅烷偶联剂和钛酸酯偶联剂对膨胀石墨进行了改性，将不同含量的膨胀石墨及碳纤维与丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物复合，制备了具有较好导电和力学性能的复合材料。结果表明，随着石墨含量的增加，复合材料体积电阻率逐渐降低，当石墨含量达到20％（质量分数，下同）时，体积电阻率发生突变，降低到10^6Ω·cm，与“渗滤效应”相吻合；实验发现硅烷偶联剂能够有效增强树脂与填料之间的界面黏结力，而钛酸酯偶联剂对复合材料拉伸性能起不到增强作用；改性石墨的加入使得体积电阻率有不同程度的提高；加入碳纤维后，复合材料的拉伸强度和导电性能明显提高，当碳纤维含量达到1．2％时，拉伸强度达到39．27MPa，而体积电阻率接近导体水平（10^6Ω·cm）。

碳纳米管/膨胀石墨复合材料制备及其8mm波衰减性能

通过高温下膨化多壁碳纳米管(MW CNTs)与可膨胀石墨混合物的方法,制得一种高导电率8 mm波干扰材料。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)和欧姆计等对其微观形貌和电磁性能进行了表征,采用测试样板法对其8 mm波二维静态衰减性能进行了测试。结果表明:高温热处理过程改变了碳纳米管(CNTs)的管状结构,熔化的CNTs呈膜状分布于膨胀石墨(EG)的表层和层间孔隙;CNTs的加入,增加了EG的表面电导率和对电磁波的衰减,但并未改变EG的抗磁特性,该复合材料对电磁波的衰减仍以散射和电吸收损耗为主;该复合材料8 mm波二维静态衰减效果明显优于纯的EG,CNTs质量添加量为29%时,衰减能力最强(11.68 dB),继续增大比例,复合材料对8 mm波衰减能力降低。