Preparation and hygrothermal performance of composite phase change material wallboard with humidity control based on expanded perlite/diatomite/paraffin

Phase change material(PCM)can reduce the indoor temperature fluctuation and humidity control material can adjust relative humidity used in buildings.In this study,a kind of composite phase change material particles(CPCMPs)were prepared by vacuum impregnation method with expanded perlite(EP)as supporting material and paraffin as phase change material.Thus,a PCM plate was fabricated by mould pressing method with CPCMPs and then composite phase change humidity control wallboard(CPCHCW)was prepared by spraying the diatom mud on the surface of PCM plate.The composition,thermophysical properties and microstructure were characterized using X-ray diffraction instrument(XRD),differential scanning calorimeter(DSC)and scanning electron microscope(SEM).Additionally,the hygrothermal performance of CPCHCW was characterized by temperature and humidity collaborative test.The results can be summarized as follows:(1)CPCMPs have suitable phase change parameters with melting/freezing point of 18.23°C/29.42°C and higher latent heat of 54.66 J/g/55.63 J/g;(2)the diatom mud can control the humidity of confined space with a certain volume;(3)the combination of diatom mud and PCM plate in CPCHCW can effectively adjust the indoor temperature and humidity.The above conclusions indicate the potential of CPCHCW in the application of building energy efficiency.

Fabrication, property characterization and thermal performance of composite phase change material plates based on tetradecanol-myristic acid binary eutectic mixture/expanded perlite and expanded vermiculite for building application

A binary eutectic mixture composed of tetradecanol(TD)and myristic acid(MA)was maximally absorbed into the microstructures of expanded perlite(EP)and expanded vermiculite(EVMT),respectively,through a self-made vacuum adsorption roller to prepare phase change material(PCM)particle(PCP).Then EP and EVMT-based composite PCM plates were respectively fabricated through a mold pressing method.The thermal property,chemical stability,microstructure and durability were characterized by differential scanning calorimeter(DSC),Fourier transform infrared spectroscope(FT-IR),scanning electron microscope(SEM)and thermal cycling tests,respectively.The results show that both PCPs have high latent heats with 110 J/g for EP-based PCP and more than 130 J/g for EVMT-based PCP,compact microstructure without PCM leakage,stable chemical property and good durability.The research results have proved the feasibility for the vacuum adsorption roller used in the composite PCM fabrication.Results of thermal storage performance experiment indicate that the fabricated PCM plates have better thermal inertia than common building materials,and the thermal storage performance of PCM plates has nonlinearly changed with outside air velocity and temperature increase.Therefore,PCM plates show a significant potential for the practical application of building thermal storage.

Hydration Heat Effect of Cement Pastes Modified with Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose Ether and Expanded Perlite

Hydration heat effect of cement pastes and mechanism of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether （HPMC） and expanded perlite in cement pastes were studied by means of hydration exothermic rate, hydration heat amount, FTIR and TG-DTG. The results show that HPMC can significantly delay the hydration induction period and acceleration period of cement pastes. As mixing amount increased, hydration induction period of cement pastes enlarged and accelerated period gradually went back. At the same time, the amount of hydration heat gradually decreased. Expanded perlite had worse delay effects and less change of hydration heat amount of cement pastes than HPMC. HPMC changed the structure of C-S-H during cement hydration. The more amount of HPMC, the more obvious effect. However, EXP had little influence on the structure of C-S-H. At the same age, the content of Ca （OH）2 in cement pastes gradually decreased as the mixing amount increase of HPMC and expanded perlite, and had better delay effect than that single-doped with HPMC or expanded perlite when HPMC and expanded nerlite were both dooed in cement pastes.

Sorption Kinetics and Capacity of Composite Materials Made up of Polymeric Fabric and Expanded Perlite for Oil in Water

The oil sorption capacity of composite materials made up of different polymeric fabrics (namely acrylic fabric (AF), polypropylene nonwoven (PP), and silk stocking (SS) as composite out-packing materials) and expanded perlite (EP) was evaluated for oil removal from the water. The effects of sorbent dosage, desorption time, oil amount in the water, and contact time on composite materials sorption were investigated. The results showed that the optimum quantity of EP was between 0.5 g and 1.0 g for 25 cm2 polymeric fabrics bags. Oil removal efficiency for 6 L/m2 of oil amount in the water was 52%-72%, 44%-63%, and 37%-48% for AF, PP, and SS composite materials, respectively. Oil/water selectivity analysis of different composite materials showed that AF composite material had a very high degree of hydrophobicity and oil sorption capacity of approximately 10.17 g/g. Both oil sorption kinetics and equilibrium studies were carried out, and the equilibrium process of composite materials was described well by the Langmuir isotherm, and the oil sorption kinetics of composite materials showed good correlation coefficients for the pseudo-second order kinetic model. Intra-particle diffusion studies showed that oil sorption mechanism was controlled by the three processes, involving in external liquid membrane diffusion, surface sorption, and intra-particle diffusion.

Study on Sustained-Release Pesticides Blended with Fosthiazate-Stearic Acid/Expanded Perlite

The low utilization rate of pesticides makes the migration of pesticides in water and soil,which brings great harm to the ecosystem.The development of pesticide carriers with good drug loading capacity and release control abil-ity is an effective method to realize effective utilization of pesticides and reduce pesticide losses.In this work,fosthiazate-stearic acid/expanded perlite sustained-release particles were successfully prepared by vacuum impregnation using expanded perlite(EP)as carrier,fosthiazate(FOS)as model pesticide and stearic acid(SA)as hydrophobic matrix.The structure and morphology of the samples were studied by BET,FT-IR,TGA,XRD,DSC and SEM.The effects of different mass ratios of FOS to SA on loading capacity and release rate at 24 h were investigated.The sustained release behavior of FOS-SA/EP at different temperatures and pH values was investigated by static dialysis bag method.The results showed that FOS and SA were adsorbed in EP pores by physical interaction.With the mass ratios of FOS to SA decreasing from 7:3 to 3:7,the 24 h release rate of FOS-SA/EP decreased from 18.77%to 8.05%,and the drug loading decreased from 461.32 to 130.99 mg/g.FOS-SA/EP showed obvious temperature response at 25℃,30℃ and 35℃,the cumulative release rate(CRR)of 200 h were 33.38%,41.50%and 51.17%,respectively.When pH=5,the CRR of FOS was higher than that of pH=7,and the CRR of FOS for 200 h were 49.01%and 30.12%,respectively.At different temperatures and pH=5,the release mechanism of FOS-SA/EP belongs to the Fickian diffusion mechanism;When pH=7,the diffusion mechanism is dominant,and the dissolution mechanism is complementary.

Alkali-Silica Reactivity and Strength of Mortars with Expanded Slate, Expanded Glass or Perlite

Lightweight aggregates are increasingly used in concrete construction. They reduce concrete selfweight furnishing a structural advantage. In contrast, the mechanical properties and durability of lightweight concrete can become the governing factor on lightweight aggregate replacement ratios. Alkali-Silica Reactison (ASR) and compressive strength of mortar samples with expanded slate, expanded glass or perlite, covering the spectrum of internal porosity and weight of lightweight aggregates, were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to evaluate the contribution of the aggregates’ porosity and chemical composition in inhibiting ASR. Perlite, owing to its highly porous microstructure and lower matter excelled in ASR expansion while chemical composition and denser microstructure of the heavier expanded slate resulted in more signified late ASR expansion and higher compressive strength. An attempt in visual inspection of ASR attack of alkali metal ions on silica-rich expanded glass using an ultra-accelerated exposure to sodium hydroxide solution was made.

Lateral earth pressure of granular backfills on retaining walls with expanded polystyrene geofoam inclusions under limited surcharge loading

Existing studies have focused on the behavior of the retaining wall equipped with expanded polystyrene(EPS)geofoam inclusions under semi-infinite surcharge loading rather than limited surcharge loading.In this paper,the failure mode and the earth pressure acting on the rigid retaining wall with EPS geofoam inclusions and granular backfills(henceforth referred to as EPS-wall),under limited surcharge loading are investigated through two-and three-dimensional model tests.The testing results show that different from the sliding of almost all the backfill in the EPS-wall under semi-infinite surcharge loading,only an approximately triangular backfill slides in the wall under limited surcharge loading.The distribution of the lateral earth pressure on the EPS-wall under limited surcharge loading is non-linear,and the distribution changes from the increase of the wall depth to the decrease with the increase of the limited surcharge loading.An approach based on the force equilibrium of a differential element is developed to predict the lateral earth pressure behind the EPS-wall subjected to limited surcharge loading,and its performance was fully validated by the three-dimensional model tests.

Influence of expanded polystyrene size on deformation characteristics of light weight soil

Deformation characteristics of light weight soil with different EPS (expanded polystyrene) sizes were investigated by consolidation tests.The results show that the confined stress-strain relation curve is in S shape,which has a good homologous relation with e-p curve and e-lgp curve,and three types of curves reflect obvious structural characteristics of light weight soil.When cement mixed ratio and EPS volume ratio are the same for different specimens,structural strength decreases with the increase of EPS size,but compressibility indexes basically keep unchanged within the structural strength.The settlement of light weight soil can be divided into instantaneous settlement and primary consolidation settlement.It has no obvious rheology property,and 90% of total consolidation deformation can be finished in 1 min.Settlement-time relation of light weight soil can be predicted by the hyperbolic model.S-lgt curve of light weight soil is not in anti-S shape.It is proved that there is no secondary consolidation section,so consolidation coefficient cannot be obtained by time logarithm method.Structural strength and unit price decrease with the increase of EPS size,but the reducing rate of the structural strength is lower than that of the unit price,so the cost of mixed soil can be reduced by increasing the EPS size.The EPS beads with 3-5 mm in diameter are suggested to be used in the construction process,and the prescription of mixed soil can be optimized.

Effects of Vibration Technology and Polyvinyl Acetate Emulsion on Microstructure and Properties of Expanded Polystyrene Lightweight Concrete

To prevent expanded polystyrene （EPS） beads from rising up to the surface in the molding process of EPS lightweight concrete, vibration with pressure was applied and the polyvinyl acetate （PVA） emulsion was adopted to improve its mechanical properties. The mechanical properties, thermal properties and durability of EPS lightweight concrete were tested. The microstruetures of EPS lightweight concrete were observed by scanning electron microscope （SEM）. Vibration with pressure reduces the number of small cracks. The 180 d compressive strength and flexural strength increase obviously as a large amount of PVA was added. The mixed amount of PVA has no obvious influence on the thermal performance when it is not more than 10% of the cement. Vibration with pressure and surface modification of EPS beads by PVA improve the combination of EPS beads with cement stone and the mechanical properties of EPS lightweight concrete.

Impact Resistance of a Novel Expanded Polystyrene Cement-based Material

The mechanical property of a novel expanded polystyrene cement-based material （EPS-C）, which was prepared by compressing semi-dry materials molding, was investigated. The compressive behavior was analyzed by compression tests to gain the energy absorbed during failure. Performance for impact resistance was tested by a self-made device. The results figures out that the EPS-C has good toughness and can reach swain of 0.7 without failure. The stress-strain curve is quite different from that of normal EPS concrete. It can be divided into three stages and in the third stage the compressing exhibits the highest energy absorption. With the rising of cement ratio, the impact force absorption （IEA） decreases first and then increases. The impact energy absorption （IEA） increases first and then decreases. The lowest IEA and the highest lEA appear at the cement dosage from 233 g/L to 267 g/L and from 233 g/L to 300 g/L, respectively.

EPS颗粒混合轻质土的施工技术及其应用实例

EPS颗粒混合轻质土是一种轻质、高强、环保、经济的新型土工材料,但国内还未见工程应用的报道。通过在新安江电厂88—70开关站交通道路工程中的应用实践,探讨了EPS颗粒混合轻质土的施工技术,证实了该材料可以起到缩短工期和提高工程安全性的目的。

漂浮型TiO_2/EP体系光催化降解水面烃类污染物研究

以膨胀珍珠岩(Expanded perlite,EP)为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备出TiO2/EP光催化剂.以正辛烷模拟水面溢油,通过TiO2/EP光催化降解辛烷实验并结合XRD、BET比表面分析,对影响负载型光催化剂的催化活性进行了研究.结果表明:以20-40目的膨胀珍珠岩为载体,TiO2含量为(wt)7%,在450℃下活化7 h制得的TiO2/EP光催化剂活性最高,在光强为167μW/cm2的紫外灯下照射3 h后,正辛烷的降解率达到87.56%.

EPS轻质混凝土性能研究

采用类似“裹砂”工艺的预拌方法拌制发泡聚苯乙烯(EPS)轻质混凝土并测试其力学性能.结果表明:用EPS颗粒部分取代粗集料和细集料,可以制得表观密度为800-1 800 kg/m3、抗压强度达11-20 MPa的EPS轻质混凝土;微硅粉能显著改善EPS颗粒与水泥浆体的粘结性能,提高EPS轻质混凝土抗压强度,而掺入钢纤维则能显著改善其干缩性能.

EVA改性EPS混凝土微观结构及性能研究

为了改善聚苯乙烯(EPS)轻集料混凝土中EPS颗粒与水泥砂浆界面的黏结性能,提高EPS轻集料混凝土的力学性能,采用乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)乳液对EPS颗粒表面进行改性,并对改性前后EPS轻集料混凝土的力学性能作了对比试验,结合扫描电镜、X射线衍射和红外光谱,分析了EVA乳液对EPS轻集料混凝土性能的影响机理.结果表明:EVA改性改善了EPS轻集料混凝土的微观结构,使其内部孔洞数量减少,孔洞尺寸趋于减小;使水泥水化更为充分,水化产物组成得以优化,EPS轻集料混凝土的180 d抗压强度和抗折强度得到提高.

废弃聚苯乙烯泡沫(EPS)外墙外保温砂浆研究

通过改性,EPS表面由憎水性变为亲水性,能被新拌硅酸盐水泥浆体所润湿。以改性EPS为轻骨料,水泥为胶结材,辅以纤维和聚合物改性,可配制施工性、热工性、耐候性、抗裂性良好的保温砂浆。这种新型保温砂浆可用于外墙外保温,突破了传统保温砂浆只能作内保温的局限,已在建筑工程中大规模应用。

密度和应变率对聚苯乙烯泡沫(EPS)准静态压缩力学行为的影响

分别研究了聚苯乙烯泡沫(Expanded polystyrene,简称EPS)在三种不同密度和三种不同加载速率下的无侧限单轴准静态压缩力学行为。结果表明:EPS的压缩与一般多孔材料的压缩特征相似,其应力-应变曲线也分为三阶段(弹性段、塑性屈服平台段及致密段)。并验证了聚苯乙烯泡沫(EPS)在线弹性阶段的弹性模量与其密度近似符合二次函数关系;通过对实验结果的拟合得出了EPS的密度与其屈服强度呈线性关系并给出了关系表达式。同时表明:同一密度的EPS在不同加载速率下其线弹性模量基本不变而屈服强度随加载速率的增加而显著增加,其应变率敏感度m值较大且变化显著,EPS表现出明显的应变率效应。

漂浮型Fe(Ⅲ)-TiO_2/EP体系吸附与光催化降解水面浮油的研究

以轻质多孔的天然矿物膨胀珍珠岩(EP)为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了Fe(Ⅲ)掺杂漂浮型TiO2/EP光催化剂,并利用XRD、SEM等分析方法对催化剂进行表征,以正辛烷模拟水面溢油,探讨了Fe(Ⅲ)对TiO2/EP光催化性能的影响。结果表明,掺杂Fe(Ⅲ)能促进TiO2由锐钛矿向金红石的转变,抑制TiO2晶粒的生长。掺杂比例为n(Fe)∶n(Ti)=0.05,焙烧温度为550℃时,Fe(Ⅲ)-TiO2/EP的催化活性最高,0.15gFe(Ⅲ)-TiO2/EP紫外光照4h,辛烷降解率达到95.36%。同样反应条件改用氙灯照射后,Fe(Ⅲ)-TiO2/EP的辛烷降解率达到79.28%,而未掺杂的TiO2/EP辛烷降解率仅为53.57%。

基于EPS减荷措施的高填涵洞试验研究

通过大型高填方涵洞原位减荷试验,对采用EPS减荷材料下的土压力和位移进行了监测,将未减荷情况与不同厚度EPS减荷情况下的结果进行了对比分析,并采用Marc有限元分析软件对其进行了数值仿真,研究了EPS材料的减荷特性及减荷后涵洞结构相关性状的变化规律。结果表明:EPS减荷效果显著,减荷后涵洞结构受力有所改善,为工程设计与施工提供了有效的指导和参考依据。

EPS颗粒对混凝土的增韧效应

配制了聚苯乙烯(EPS)颗粒体积分数分别为10%,20%,30%,40%,50%的EPS混凝土,采用100分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验装置,以比能量吸收作为指标,研究了EPS颗粒对混凝土的增韧效应,探讨了EPS颗粒对混凝土的增韧机理.结果表明:冲击荷载作用下,由于应变率效应,相同体积分数的EPS混凝土冲击韧性随应变率的增加而提高,具有显著的应变率相关性;由于EPS颗粒的微结构效应,在EPS颗粒体积分数为10%～30%时,其韧性较未掺EPS颗粒的混凝土有不同程度的提高,EPS颗粒体积分数为20%时对混凝土韧性的改善效果最佳.当EPS颗粒体积分数达到40%～50%时,其韧性有所降低.

EPS保温砂浆研制及施工工艺

EPS保温砂浆的抗裂性、耐候性优良 ,可用于外保温 ,本文介绍它的性能和施工工艺。