When it was discovered in the 1970s as a ubiquitous protein, ubiquitin, a 76-aminoacid peptide, had no assigned function. It was not until later that ubiquitin was found to be a necessary cofactor in a vital cellular ...When it was discovered in the 1970s as a ubiquitous protein, ubiquitin, a 76-aminoacid peptide, had no assigned function. It was not until later that ubiquitin was found to be a necessary cofactor in a vital cellular process： the degradation of proteins. Work by Avram Hershko, Aaron Ciechanover, and Irwin Rose （for which they received the 2004 Nobel Prize in Chemistry） showed that the covalent attachment of ubiquitin provide pro-teins with a tag that dispatches them to the proteasome, the main cell degradation machinery （Ciechanover 2012）. Subsequent work, has revealed that ubiquitin belongs to a broader family of ubiquitin-like proteins that can modify not only protein stability, but also subcellular localization and function.展开更多
Pectins are complex cell wall polysaccharides important for many aspects of plant development. Recent studies have discovered extensive physical interactions between pectins and other cell wall components,implicating ...Pectins are complex cell wall polysaccharides important for many aspects of plant development. Recent studies have discovered extensive physical interactions between pectins and other cell wall components,implicating pectins in new molecular functions. Pectins are often localized in spatially-restricted patterns, and some of these non-uniform pectin distributions contribute to multiple aspects of plant development, including the morphogenesis of cells and organs. Furthermore, a growing number of mutants affecting cell wall composi- tion have begun to reveal the distinct contributions of different pectins to plant development. This review discusses the interactions of pectins with other cell wall components, the functions of pectins in controlling cellular morphology, and how non-uniform pectin composition can be an important determinant of developmental processes.展开更多
基金supported by an Executive Programme of Scientific and Technological Cooperation between Italy and China 2010-2012the National Science Foundation of China 31030047
文摘When it was discovered in the 1970s as a ubiquitous protein, ubiquitin, a 76-aminoacid peptide, had no assigned function. It was not until later that ubiquitin was found to be a necessary cofactor in a vital cellular process： the degradation of proteins. Work by Avram Hershko, Aaron Ciechanover, and Irwin Rose （for which they received the 2004 Nobel Prize in Chemistry） showed that the covalent attachment of ubiquitin provide pro-teins with a tag that dispatches them to the proteasome, the main cell degradation machinery （Ciechanover 2012）. Subsequent work, has revealed that ubiquitin belongs to a broader family of ubiquitin-like proteins that can modify not only protein stability, but also subcellular localization and function.
基金the NSF (MCB-1615387)a Yale University Brown Fellowship for funding
文摘Pectins are complex cell wall polysaccharides important for many aspects of plant development. Recent studies have discovered extensive physical interactions between pectins and other cell wall components,implicating pectins in new molecular functions. Pectins are often localized in spatially-restricted patterns, and some of these non-uniform pectin distributions contribute to multiple aspects of plant development, including the morphogenesis of cells and organs. Furthermore, a growing number of mutants affecting cell wall composi- tion have begun to reveal the distinct contributions of different pectins to plant development. This review discusses the interactions of pectins with other cell wall components, the functions of pectins in controlling cellular morphology, and how non-uniform pectin composition can be an important determinant of developmental processes.
