In order to accommodate the variety of algorithms with different performance in specific application and improve power efficiency,reconfigurable architecture has become an effective methodology in academia and industr...In order to accommodate the variety of algorithms with different performance in specific application and improve power efficiency,reconfigurable architecture has become an effective methodology in academia and industry.However,existing architectures suffer from performance bottleneck due to slow updating of contexts and inadequate flexibility.This paper presents an H-tree based reconfiguration mechanism(HRM)with Huffman-coding-like and mask addressing method in a homogeneous processing element(PE)array,which supports both programmable and data-driven modes.The proposed HRM can transfer reconfiguration instructions/contexts to a particular PE or associated PEs simultaneously in one clock cycle in unicast,multicast and broadcast mode,and shut down the unnecessary PE/PEs according to the current configuration.To verify the correctness and efficiency,we implement it in RTL synthesis and FPGA prototype.Compared to prior works,the experiment results show that the HRM has improved the work frequency by an average of 23.4%,increased the updating speed by 2×,and reduced the area by 36.9%;HRM can also power off the unnecessary PEs which reduced 51%of dynamic power dissipation in certain application configuration.Furthermore,in the data-driven mode,the system frequency can reach 214 MHz,which is 1.68×higher compared with the programmable mode.展开更多
Biofilm-forming microorganisms are ubiquitous, but continuous cultivation of these microorganisms with predictable biofilm growth and structural properties remains challenging. The development of a reliable simulated ...Biofilm-forming microorganisms are ubiquitous, but continuous cultivation of these microorganisms with predictable biofilm growth and structural properties remains challenging. The development of a reliable simulated biofilm has been limited by a lack of information about the microorganism subpopulations and fluid-structure interactions involved in biofilm formation and detachment due to mechanical stress. This paper presents a gellan-based hydrogel as an alternative material for a simulated physicochemical biofilm. The mechanical properties of the hydrogel in terms of the storage (G') and loss (G'') moduli can be tuned and adapted to imitate biofilms of different strengths by changing the concentration of gellan and mono(Na+) or divalent (Mg2+) ions. The storage modulus of the hydrogel ranges from 2 to 20 kPa, and the loss modulus ranges from 0.1 to 2.0 kPa. The material constants of the hydrogels and biofilms of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 were experimentally determined by rheometric analysis. A simplified biofilm imitate based on highly hydrolyzed gellan hydrogels was established by using experimental design techniques that permitted independent analyses regardless of growth. This model system design was compared to real biofilms and was adapted to mimic the mechanical properties of biofilms by changing the hydrogel composition, resulting in biofilm-like viscoelastic behavior. The use of a gellan-based hydrogel enables the imitation of biofilm behavior in the absence of growth effects, thus simplifying the system. Biofilm characterization tools can be tested and verified before their application to the measurement of slow-growing, highly variable biofilms to estimate system errors, which are often smaller than the biological variations. In general, this method permits faster and more reliable testing of biofilm mechanical properties.展开更多
North China is a key region for studying geophysical progress. In this study, ground-based and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment（GRACE） gravity data from 2009 to 2013 are used to calculate the gravity change r...North China is a key region for studying geophysical progress. In this study, ground-based and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment（GRACE） gravity data from 2009 to 2013 are used to calculate the gravity change rate（GCR） using the polynomial fitting method. In general, the study area was divided into the Shanxi rift, Jing-Jin-Ji（Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Province）, and Bohai Bay Basin（BBB） regions. Results of the distribution of the GCR determined from ground-based gravimetry show that the GCR appears to be ＂negativepositive-negative＂ from west to east, which indicates that different geophysical mechanisms are involved in the tectonic activities of these regions. However, GRACE solutions are conducted over a larger spatial scale and are able to show a difference between southern and northern areas and a mass redistribution of land water storage.展开更多
目的总结机械通气患者雾化吸入的最佳证据,为临床护理提供指引。方法计算机检索UpToDate、国际指南协作网、JBI证据总结数据库、PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据、医脉通指南网等数据库。检索时限为2013年1月至2023年11月...目的总结机械通气患者雾化吸入的最佳证据,为临床护理提供指引。方法计算机检索UpToDate、国际指南协作网、JBI证据总结数据库、PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据、医脉通指南网等数据库。检索时限为2013年1月至2023年11月。结果共纳入文献16篇;从雾化吸入准备、治疗工具选择、雾化器放置位置、设备参数设置与用法选择、院感预防与职业防护、设备维护与管理、药物使用管理、不良事件8个方面汇总30条最佳证据。结论总结的机械通气患者雾化吸入管理最佳证据,可作为指引用于临床护理。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61834005, 61602377, 61772417, 61802304, 61874087)the Shaanxi International Science and Technology Cooperation Program No. 2018KW-006+1 种基金Shaanxi Provincial Key R&D Plan under Grant No. 2017GY-060Shaanxi Province Co-ordination Innovation Project of Science and Technology under Grant No. 2016KTZDGY02-04-02
文摘In order to accommodate the variety of algorithms with different performance in specific application and improve power efficiency,reconfigurable architecture has become an effective methodology in academia and industry.However,existing architectures suffer from performance bottleneck due to slow updating of contexts and inadequate flexibility.This paper presents an H-tree based reconfiguration mechanism(HRM)with Huffman-coding-like and mask addressing method in a homogeneous processing element(PE)array,which supports both programmable and data-driven modes.The proposed HRM can transfer reconfiguration instructions/contexts to a particular PE or associated PEs simultaneously in one clock cycle in unicast,multicast and broadcast mode,and shut down the unnecessary PE/PEs according to the current configuration.To verify the correctness and efficiency,we implement it in RTL synthesis and FPGA prototype.Compared to prior works,the experiment results show that the HRM has improved the work frequency by an average of 23.4%,increased the updating speed by 2×,and reduced the area by 36.9%;HRM can also power off the unnecessary PEs which reduced 51%of dynamic power dissipation in certain application configuration.Furthermore,in the data-driven mode,the system frequency can reach 214 MHz,which is 1.68×higher compared with the programmable mode.
文摘Biofilm-forming microorganisms are ubiquitous, but continuous cultivation of these microorganisms with predictable biofilm growth and structural properties remains challenging. The development of a reliable simulated biofilm has been limited by a lack of information about the microorganism subpopulations and fluid-structure interactions involved in biofilm formation and detachment due to mechanical stress. This paper presents a gellan-based hydrogel as an alternative material for a simulated physicochemical biofilm. The mechanical properties of the hydrogel in terms of the storage (G') and loss (G'') moduli can be tuned and adapted to imitate biofilms of different strengths by changing the concentration of gellan and mono(Na+) or divalent (Mg2+) ions. The storage modulus of the hydrogel ranges from 2 to 20 kPa, and the loss modulus ranges from 0.1 to 2.0 kPa. The material constants of the hydrogels and biofilms of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 were experimentally determined by rheometric analysis. A simplified biofilm imitate based on highly hydrolyzed gellan hydrogels was established by using experimental design techniques that permitted independent analyses regardless of growth. This model system design was compared to real biofilms and was adapted to mimic the mechanical properties of biofilms by changing the hydrogel composition, resulting in biofilm-like viscoelastic behavior. The use of a gellan-based hydrogel enables the imitation of biofilm behavior in the absence of growth effects, thus simplifying the system. Biofilm characterization tools can be tested and verified before their application to the measurement of slow-growing, highly variable biofilms to estimate system errors, which are often smaller than the biological variations. In general, this method permits faster and more reliable testing of biofilm mechanical properties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41304060)the national key basic research and development plan(2013CB733304)
文摘North China is a key region for studying geophysical progress. In this study, ground-based and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment（GRACE） gravity data from 2009 to 2013 are used to calculate the gravity change rate（GCR） using the polynomial fitting method. In general, the study area was divided into the Shanxi rift, Jing-Jin-Ji（Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Province）, and Bohai Bay Basin（BBB） regions. Results of the distribution of the GCR determined from ground-based gravimetry show that the GCR appears to be ＂negativepositive-negative＂ from west to east, which indicates that different geophysical mechanisms are involved in the tectonic activities of these regions. However, GRACE solutions are conducted over a larger spatial scale and are able to show a difference between southern and northern areas and a mass redistribution of land water storage.
文摘目的总结机械通气患者雾化吸入的最佳证据,为临床护理提供指引。方法计算机检索UpToDate、国际指南协作网、JBI证据总结数据库、PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据、医脉通指南网等数据库。检索时限为2013年1月至2023年11月。结果共纳入文献16篇;从雾化吸入准备、治疗工具选择、雾化器放置位置、设备参数设置与用法选择、院感预防与职业防护、设备维护与管理、药物使用管理、不良事件8个方面汇总30条最佳证据。结论总结的机械通气患者雾化吸入管理最佳证据,可作为指引用于临床护理。
