おhe water-bearing numerical model is undergone all round examinations during the operational forecasting experiments from 1994 to 1996. A lot of difficult problems arising from the model′s water-bearing are successf...おhe water-bearing numerical model is undergone all round examinations during the operational forecasting experiments from 1994 to 1996. A lot of difficult problems arising from the model′s water-bearing are successfully resolved in these experiments through developing and using a series of technical measures. The operational forecasting running of the water-bearing numerical model is realized stably and reliably, and satisfactory forecasts are obtained.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the specialty of transcranial surgery through pterional approach for removal of cranio-orbital tumors, introduce the ophthalmological experiences of entering the orbit to reduce the incidence rate ...AIM: To investigate the specialty of transcranial surgery through pterional approach for removal of cranio-orbital tumors, introduce the ophthalmological experiences of entering the orbit to reduce the incidence rate of associated complications of this operation. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of a series of 37 cases involving patients who underwent transcranial surgery through pterional approach for treatment of cranio-orbital tumors in our department in the past 8 years. Pterion approach craniotomy was performed to all patients. After removing tumors in the skull by the neurosurgeon, ophthalmologist removed tumors in orbit. We took measures below to decrease complications, including grounding optic canal through an abrasive drilling when necessary, hanging various extraocular muscles to be exposed for protection, refrigerating by refrigeration heads to remove tumors, at last sewing up orbit septum after surgery. RESULTS: Tumors were removed completely in 32 cases, and incomplete in 5 cases due to extensive invasion into the cavernous sinus or sphenoid sinus. Of all the cases, benign tumors were demonstrated in 28 cases (75.6%, 28/37) and malignant in 9 (24.3%, 9/37). The most common lesion type was meningioma in 11 cases (29.7%, 11/37). Extraocular muscles (EOM) impairment, occurring in 21 cases (56.7%, 21/37), was the most frequent postoperative complication. The most serious consequence was vision loss occurred in 4 cases (10.8%, 4/37). Other complications, such as 11 cases of transient blepharoptosis 29.7% (11/37), 5 cases of mydriasis in 13.5% (5/7); 2 cases of cerebrospinal rhinorrhea in 5.4% (2/37). CONCLUSION: Cranio-orbital tumors can be removed completely using transcranial approach, and the pterional approach offers excellent exposure. Cooperation of interdisciplinary team of neurosurgeons and ophthalmologists conduces to full use of respective professional advantages. The experience of ophthalmic operation technology can decrease occurrence of ocular complications after surgery.展开更多
Wastewaters from the chemical industry are usually of high-strength and may contain minor inhibitory and recalcitrant organics that are at times not readily identifiable. This paper describes the experience of a biolo...Wastewaters from the chemical industry are usually of high-strength and may contain minor inhibitory and recalcitrant organics that are at times not readily identifiable. This paper describes the experience of a biological waste water treatment plant （WWTP） processing a COD concentration of 43000 mg·L^-1 wastewater from an oxochemical manufacturing plant. Stage improvements of the plant process by dilution of the inhibitory influent using other chemical wastewater streams resulting in a synergistic process effect, and removal of inhibitory organics by phase separation via acidification, effectively achieved process optimization producing a high quality effluent. In particular, the COD removal efficiency of granular sludge based anaerobic reactors increased from 56% to 90%. The final effluent COD decreased from 250mg·L^-1 to 50mg·L^-1, consistently meeting the COD concentration of 100 mg·L^-1 regulatory discharge limit. The success of the process enhancements supports the hypothesis that long-chain quaternary carboxylic acids act as substrate inhibitors in the biological process.展开更多
文摘おhe water-bearing numerical model is undergone all round examinations during the operational forecasting experiments from 1994 to 1996. A lot of difficult problems arising from the model′s water-bearing are successfully resolved in these experiments through developing and using a series of technical measures. The operational forecasting running of the water-bearing numerical model is realized stably and reliably, and satisfactory forecasts are obtained.
文摘AIM: To investigate the specialty of transcranial surgery through pterional approach for removal of cranio-orbital tumors, introduce the ophthalmological experiences of entering the orbit to reduce the incidence rate of associated complications of this operation. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of a series of 37 cases involving patients who underwent transcranial surgery through pterional approach for treatment of cranio-orbital tumors in our department in the past 8 years. Pterion approach craniotomy was performed to all patients. After removing tumors in the skull by the neurosurgeon, ophthalmologist removed tumors in orbit. We took measures below to decrease complications, including grounding optic canal through an abrasive drilling when necessary, hanging various extraocular muscles to be exposed for protection, refrigerating by refrigeration heads to remove tumors, at last sewing up orbit septum after surgery. RESULTS: Tumors were removed completely in 32 cases, and incomplete in 5 cases due to extensive invasion into the cavernous sinus or sphenoid sinus. Of all the cases, benign tumors were demonstrated in 28 cases (75.6%, 28/37) and malignant in 9 (24.3%, 9/37). The most common lesion type was meningioma in 11 cases (29.7%, 11/37). Extraocular muscles (EOM) impairment, occurring in 21 cases (56.7%, 21/37), was the most frequent postoperative complication. The most serious consequence was vision loss occurred in 4 cases (10.8%, 4/37). Other complications, such as 11 cases of transient blepharoptosis 29.7% (11/37), 5 cases of mydriasis in 13.5% (5/7); 2 cases of cerebrospinal rhinorrhea in 5.4% (2/37). CONCLUSION: Cranio-orbital tumors can be removed completely using transcranial approach, and the pterional approach offers excellent exposure. Cooperation of interdisciplinary team of neurosurgeons and ophthalmologists conduces to full use of respective professional advantages. The experience of ophthalmic operation technology can decrease occurrence of ocular complications after surgery.
文摘Wastewaters from the chemical industry are usually of high-strength and may contain minor inhibitory and recalcitrant organics that are at times not readily identifiable. This paper describes the experience of a biological waste water treatment plant （WWTP） processing a COD concentration of 43000 mg·L^-1 wastewater from an oxochemical manufacturing plant. Stage improvements of the plant process by dilution of the inhibitory influent using other chemical wastewater streams resulting in a synergistic process effect, and removal of inhibitory organics by phase separation via acidification, effectively achieved process optimization producing a high quality effluent. In particular, the COD removal efficiency of granular sludge based anaerobic reactors increased from 56% to 90%. The final effluent COD decreased from 250mg·L^-1 to 50mg·L^-1, consistently meeting the COD concentration of 100 mg·L^-1 regulatory discharge limit. The success of the process enhancements supports the hypothesis that long-chain quaternary carboxylic acids act as substrate inhibitors in the biological process.
