Teaching Status and Teaching Reform Ideas of Physical Chemistry Experiments for Food Quality and Safety Major

Physical chemistry experiments are an important branch of chemical experiments.In view of problems and shortcomings in physical chemistry experiment teaching of food quality and safety major in Chengdu University,the teaching methods of physical chemistry experiment course of food quality and safety major were explored and practiced,aiming to arouse students enthusiasm for experiments and cultivate their ability of independent learning,comprehensive thinking and independent problem solving.

Effect of oxymatrine on interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha serum levels in an experimental rat model of autoimmune encephalomyelitis

BACKGROUND： Studies have demonstrated that experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis （EAE） onset correlates with increased interferon-v （IFN-γ） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） expression. Oxymatrine （OM） has been shown to inhibit autoimmune responses, but there are no reports showing that it could prevent the development of EAE. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of OM on serum levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α in a rat model of EAE.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal study was performed at the Experimental Animal Center of Henan Academy of Chinese Medicine and at the Key Disciplines Laboratory Clinical Medicine of Henan Province between July and December 2008. MATERIALS： OM was purchased from Chia-tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical, China; complete Freund＇s adjuvant was purchased from Sigma, USA. METHODS： Forty female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups： EAE model （M）, low-dose OM treatment （OM-L）, high-dose OM treatment （OM-H）, and normal control （N, no immunization）, with 10 rats in each group. EAE was established in the M, OM-L, and OM-H groups following immunization with Guinea pig spinal cord homogenate and complete Freund＇s adjuvant. The M and N groups were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline （6.7 mL/kg per day）, the OM-L group received an intraperitoneal injection of OM （100 mg/kg per day）, and the OM-H group received OM （150 mg/kg per day）. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： At 16 days after immunization, the degree of histopathological changes in the spinal cord was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin stanining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum levels of IFN-γ, and radioimmunoassay was utilized to determine serum TNF-α level. Neurological scores were measured on a daily basis according to a 0-5 scale. RESULTS： Daily injections of OM, both high and low doses, resulted in decreased neurological scores in EAE rats （P〈0.01）, as well as reduced cellular infiltration in the spinal cord and decreased levels of serum IFN-γ and TNF-α （P〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： OM reduced the onset and severity of EAE, which correlated with decreased IFN-γ and TNF-α expression.

Computer Management of Quantitative Analysis Chemistry Experiment

The application of computer in the quantitative analysis chemistry experiment is a chemistry experiment teaching applications software, developed by Visual Basic （6.0）, based on the content of quantitative analysis chemistry experiment of chemistry major in higher institute. This software has the function of the automatic processing the experimental data, the automatic generation of test report copies, and the automatic evaluation of students＇ experimental results, which solve the reliability, objectivity and accuracy problems of the students＇ experiment data processing and evaluation, and avoid interference with human factors. The software has the characteristic of the easy installation, the easy operation, the strong practicability, pertinence, the systematicness and the running stability, so it provides a platform in the quantitative analysis chemistry experiment for the students＇ assessment system of automatic processing, and it has a high popularization value. The project＇s technical route design is reasonable, the research method is correct, and the experimental data processing results are reliable, which has reached the leading domestic level in the quantitative analysis chemistry experiment teaching field of computer data processing. And this project has been through the achievements appraisal of Gansu Provincial Sci. ＆ Tech. Department.

Scanning photoacoustic imaging of submucosal gastric tumor based on a long focused transducer in phantom and in vitro experiments

Photoacoustic imaging,which can provide the maximum intensity contrast in tissue depth imaging without ionizing radiation,will be a promising imaging trend for tumor detection.In this paper,a column diffusionfiber was employed to carry a pulsed laser for irradiating stomach directly through esophagus based on the characteristics of gastric tissue structure.A long focused ultrasonic transducer was placed outside the body to detect photoacoustic signals of gastric tissue.Phantom and in vitro experiments of submucosal gastric tumors were carried out to check the sensitivity of scanning photoacoustic tomography system,including the lateral and longitudinal resolution of the system,sensitivity of different absorption coefficient in imaging,capability of transversal detection,and probability of longitudinal detection.The results demonstrate that our innovative technique can improve the parameters of imaging.The lateral resolution reaches 2.09 mm.Then a depth of 5.5mm with a longitudinal accuracy of 0.36mm below gastric mucosa of early gastric cancer(EGC)has been achieved.In addition,the optimal absorption coefficient differences among absorbers of system are 3.3-3.9 times.Results indicate that our photoacoustic imaging(PAI)system,is based on a long focusing transducer,can provide a potential application for detecting submucosal EGC without obvious symptoms.

Micro-polymer Chemistry Experiment Teaching Research

For nearly thirty years, there has been made great progress in micro-polymer chemistry experiment teaching which has these characteristics that using less reagents, less pollution and more portable in comparison with the conventional experiment. In China, Zhou Ninghuai and others began to go on micro-scale experiment research firstly and Professor Li Qingshan who brought this innovation to polymer organic synthesis experiment has done a lot of works in micro-polymer chemistry experiment teaching. To carry out the study of micro-polymer chemistry experiments not only accords with teaching methods and reform, but also conforms to the trend of the times of green chemistry. So the research and application of micro-polymer chemistry experiment have broad prospects.

Thermal perception method of virtual chemistry experiments

Background With the aim of addressing the difficulty in identifying temperatures in virtual chemistry experiments,we propose a temperature-sensing simulation method of virtual chemistry experiments.Methods We construct a virtual chemistry experiment temperature simulation platform,based on which a wearable temperature generation device is developed.The typical middle school virtual experiments of concentrated sulfuric acid dilution and ammonium nitrate dissolution are conducted to verify the actual effect of the device.Results The platform is capable to indicate near real-world experimental situations.The performance of the device not only meets the temperature sensing characteristics of human skin,but also matches the temperature change of virtual chemistry experiments in real-time.Conclusions It is demonstrated that this temperature-sensing simulation method can represent exothermic or endothermic chemistry experiments,which is beneficial for students to gain understanding of the principles of thermal energy transformation in chemical reactions,thus avoiding the danger that may be posed in the course of traditional teaching of chemistry experiments effectively.Although this method does not have a convenient enough operation for users,the immersion of virtual chemical experiments can be enhanced.

Primary experience of video-assisted rigid laser bronchoscopy in treatment of tracheobronchial tumors

To review the primary experience of video-assisted rigid laser bronchoscopy in the treatment of tracheobronchial tumors.Methods From Sep.2002 to Nov.2004,13 patients (15 procedures) with tracheobronchial tumors were treated with video-assisted rigid bronchoscope.Benign tumors with small pedicles were removed directly.For benign tumors with wide pedicles or tumors extending beyond the wall of air-way,total enucleating through thoracotomy were employed.In cases with malignant tumors,stenosis or obstructions were relieved by implantation of stent or cautering with electric argoulaser knife.For malignant but resectable primary tumors of trachea and main bronchi,rigid bronchoscopy might serve as a preparation of radical resection.Results Of the 5 patients with benign tumors,4 received endoscopic total resection and 1 were conversed into thoracotomy.For the 8 malignant cases,3 received stent implantation,2 had palliative ablation 3 got curative resections through thoracotomy.No peri-operative complications or death occurred in this group.Conclusion Total resection of benign tracheobronchial tumors or palliative therapy for tracheobronchial malignant stenosis or preparation of radical resection can be performed safely and efficiently by video-assisted rigid bronchoscopy.5 refs.

以“学”为中心的问题式实验教学改革

基础化学实验不仅可以验证化学理论和训练实验技能,更应注重学生分析问题、解决问题能力的提升。针对基础学科拔尖学生的培养,我们本着因材施教的理念,开展了基础化学实验课程的教学内容、知识体系、教学方法的改革和实践。通过构建以“学”为中心、问题为导向的教学模式,系统提升实验教学在人才培养中的效果和作用。

面向林学专业群的有机化学实验教学内容改革实践与探索

作为高等学校公共基础课,有机化学实验因教学资源不足,普遍存在教学内容千篇一律、与专业特色契合度低等问题,导致学生学习动力不足。本文结合西南林业大学实际,尝试将具有植物资源培养、开发、利用的相关专业组成林学专业群,并针对该专业群,构建了以天然产物提取、分离、纯化、鉴定为主线的有机化学实验教学体系。学生期末考试表现及问卷调查结果表明,新教学体系对提升学生学习兴趣、改善学生培养质量具有显著的推进作用,同时也为在教学体系中融入农林特质提供了思路。

多效并举建设化学实验中心,服务高质量实验教学

在多年的实践过程中,针对本科化学实验教学面临的种种挑战,郑州大学化学实验教学中心多效并举,形成了一系列特色鲜明的教学管理方法,有效服务了高质量化学实验教学工作的开展。本文介绍了郑州大学化学实验教学中心建设中的一些举措和取得的成效,希望能为高校化学实验教学工作和管理服务提供有益的参考借鉴。

“纳米乳液的制备、表征及粒径调控”实验的课程思政设计

将化学竞赛成果转化为具有农业特色的实验项目“纳米乳液的制备、表征及粒径调控”,并引入到物理化学实验教学中。通过实验使学生掌握纳米乳液的制备表征方法并研究制备因素对性质的影响,推动了农科和理科的融合渗透,培养了学生的跨学科思维,提高了科学素养。引导学生深刻认识纳米乳液对于减少农药使用量、保护生态环境的重要意义,关注国家粮食安全和食品安全等战略需求,加强了学生的绿色发展意识,激发了学生服务三农的责任感。

固-液界面接触角测定实验的课程思政设计

固液界面接触角的测定是一个重要的物理化学实验,本案例结合特殊润湿性材料可处理含油废水这一科研进展,将其改进为一个融入课程思政元素的综合创新实验,不仅能提升学生的学习兴趣,还能引导学生学会理论联系实际,利用所学专业知识来保护自然、治理环境,培养学生的社会责任感和专业自豪感,有助于达成创新型人才培养目标。

将腐蚀与防护实验和国家重大工程衔接的课程思政案例设计

将胶州湾跨海大桥材料的腐蚀防护研究作为实际应用案例引入物理化学实验教学。通过结合工程实际改进实验,增加了相关材料在不同腐蚀介质中的腐蚀行为研究等内容,对相关材料及几类防护措施的防护效果进行了比较研究。实验将原物理化学实验中涉及的线性扫描伏安(极化曲线测量)和电化学阻抗方法进行了组合,对Q235和Q275两种合金钢、锌合金和镁合金两种牺牲阳极材料、无涂层和有环氧涂层的钢铁在模拟海水和真实海水两种电解质溶液环境中的腐蚀性能和防护效果进行了研究。改进后的实验可以增强学生学以致用的意识,增强他们对工程问题的综合性和复杂性的认识,还可以培养团队意识和合作能力,通过培养腐蚀防护意识和绿色环保意识强化学生的学科素养和社会责任感。

基于OBE理念的分析化学实验课创新教学设计

设计“任务驱动、问题导向、创新发展”教学模式,通过革新教学理念、重构教学模式、线上线下相结合等措施,培养学生创造性思维、实践技能以及全面发展的潜能.

材料化学实验课程教学中的思政元素设计

材料化学实验作为材料化学专业的必修课程,其教学内容中蕴含丰富的思政元素。通过修订课程德育目标,完善课程教学设计,延伸课程教学内容,依托学校实体实验教学和材料化学实验教学平台,采用线上线下混合教学模式,将课程思政元素深度融入到材料化学实验教学中,充分发挥价值引领、品格塑造的主导性,切实做到实验课程教学与思政教育同向同行,实现卓越的课程思政育人效果。

化学“101计划”基础化学实验课程建设的思考与实践

化学“101计划”基础化学实验课程适用于拔尖学生培养计划2.0基地学校化学类专业低年级学生,是培养化学基础研究创新人才的高阶基础入门实验课程。本课程可以激发学生化学实验的兴趣,具备继续从事化学后续课程学习和化学研究的基本实验素养。通过以合成和测量为载体的单元实验或小综合实验,服务于基础单元操作学习、基础技能训练,或成为合成化学实验和化学测量学实验等课程学习必要的先导内容,为后续实验课程学习打基础。

基于慕课建设“大学化学实验”国家级一流课程

化学实验慕课为解决实验教学受场地容量、仪器设备数量或时间固定等限制提供了一种解决途径,但慕课建设过程和使用中容易出现“只建不用”“学生不愿用”“老师不会用”等问题,化学化工国家级实验教学示范中心(北京化工大学)围绕“如何将慕课作为提高化学实验教学质量的有效手段”开展深入思考并勇于实践,建设了丰富的线上实验教学资源、构建了融洽的线上线下混合式实验教学模式、制定了教学团队能力提升方案以及教学质量跟踪及反馈闭环管理体系,取得良好教育教学效果。

新时代背景下的化学实验教学示范中心建设

化学国家级实验教学示范中心(南开大学)是2006年首批入选的国家级示范中心。十几年来,在“强化基础、注重综合、突出创新、培养能力、提高素质”的方针指导下,坚持以学生发展为中心,致力于培养具有扎实化学基础知识、精通化学实验技能、勤于思考善于创新的高水平化学人才。本文介绍该中心近五年来在实验教学体系建设、师资队伍教学能力提升及开放交流方面的改革举措,为高等院校实验教学提供参考。

蒽与马来酸酐Diels-Alder反应的量化计算研究——介绍一个计算化学实验

蒽与马来酸酐的Diels-Alder反应是基础有机化学实验课程中普遍开展的一个经典实验。本文推荐蒽与马来酸酐Diels-Alder反应的计算化学实验,该实验采用Gaussian 16程序中的密度泛函方法对蒽和马来酸酐Diels-Alder反应的反应机理进行了研究。旨在通过本实验激发学生对有机化学和计算化学的兴趣,加深学生对化学学科的理解,提升学生在科研工作中学以致用的能力。

湖南大学化学化工实验教学中心的建设与实践

本文以国家级实验教学示范中心阶段性评估为契机,全面总结了2018–2022年间化学国家级实验教学示范中心(湖南大学)在管理制度和安全责任体系建设、教学条件改善、实验教学体系构建、实验课程与教材建设、人才培养成效、教学团队建设和引领示范作用等方面的建设经验,并从示范中心承载能力、实验教学体系优化和实验项目开发、实验数字化建设、教学队伍建设、发挥示范辐射作用等方面制定了下一阶段建设规划,以期更好地支撑我校化学、化工、应化国家一流本科专业的建设,促进化学化工高质量人才培养。