Prediction of the joint impacts of sea level rise and land development on distribution patterns of mangrove communities

Mangrove distribution along shorelines shows distinct zonation patterns;thus,different communities may face various influences from sea level rise(SLR)and land use.However,long-term change predictions are usually based only on the total extent of mangroves.Few studies have revealed how SLR and land development such as agriculture,aquaculture,and urbanization jointly affect different intertidal mangrove communities.This study proposed a novel framework combining SLAMM(Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model)and the CLUE-S(Conversion of Land Use and its Effect at Small regional extent)model to assess the potential impacts on upper and lower intertidal mangrove communities.Maoweihai in Guangxi,China,was selected as the study area and the potential impacts from the squeeze effect and mangrove expansion potential were evaluated.We established three scenarios combining SLR and land use patterns to predict mangrove coverage projections by 2070.The results showed that,under a single SLR driver,the upper intertidal mangroves would be more adaptive to rapid SLR than the lower intertidal mangroves.However,under the combined influence of the two drivers,the upper intertidal mangroves would experience larger squeeze effects than the lower intertidal mangroves,with up to 80.5%of suitable habitat lost.Moreover,the expansion potential of upper intertidal mangroves would be considerably more limited than that of lower intertidal mangroves.The length of the expandable habitat patch boundary of upper intertidal mangroves only reached 1.4–1.8 km,while that of the lower intertidal mangroves reached up to99.2–111.2 km.Further,we found that aquaculture ponds and cropland are the top two land development types that could occupy suitable habitat and restrict the mangrove expansion potential.Our results highlight that timely improvement of land use policies to create available landward accommodation space for mangrove migration is essential to maintain the coverage and diversity of mangrove communities under SLR.The proposed method can be a helpful tool for adaptive mangrove conservation and management under climate change.

Spatio-temporal analysis of land-use conversion in the eastern coastal China during 1996-2005

Based on the acquaintance of the regional background of urban-rural transformational development and investigations on the spot,this paper discusses the holistic situation, dominant factors and mechanism of arable land loss and land for construction occupation in the coastal area of China over the last decade,with the aid of GIS technology.Conclusions of the research are summarized as follows：（1）the arable land had been continuously decreasing from 1996 to 2005,with a loss of 1,708,700 hm^2 and an average decrement of 170,900 hm^2 per year;（2）land for construction increased 1,373,700 hm^2 ,with an average increment of 153,200 hm^2 per year;（3）total area of encroachment on arable land for construction between 1996 and 2005 was 1,053,100 hm^2 ,accounting for 34.03%of the arable land loss in the same period,the percentages of which used for industrial land（INL）,transportation land（TRL）,rural construction land（RUL）and town construction land（TOL）are 45.03%,15.8%,15.47%and 11.5%,respectively;and（4）the fluctuation of the increase of construction land and encroachment on arable land in the area were deeply influenced by the nation＇s macroscopic land-use policies and development level of regional economy.The growth of population and advancement of technology promoted the rapid industrialization, construction of transportation infrastructures,rural urbanization and expansion of rural settlements in the eastern coastal area,and therefore were the primary driving forces of land-use conversion.

Resource and Environmental Quality Changes and Adjustment Principles for Sustainable Development in Rapidly Developing Coastal Region of Southeastern China

Problems in water-land resources and environmental quality increase with the fast economic development in the coastal region of southeastern China. This region has the highest density in population, industry and towns in China, and the large export-oriented economy makes itself a strategic importance while China enters into international markets. The problems facing to this region include arable land reduction, land degradation aggravation, high percentage of built-up land with high rate of expansion, expanded non-point pollution, deteriorated water quality, decreasing biodiversity, destroyed ecosystems, severe air pollution, frequently occurred acid rain, and multi-pollutants. The important research fields in the near future should include a) influence of high-intensity exploitation of resources on changes of environment quality and its feedback; b) interface processes, key mechanisms and adjustment principles for degradation of water-, land-, and air-resources and environmental quality; c) evolvement processes and nurturing theory of biodiversity and ecological resources; and d) spatio-temporal variation and human-induced effects on regional resources and environment quality. Strategies for sustainable development in the region are as follows: a) controlling to ensure basic cultivated land area; b) enforcing remediation of polluted water environment, and controlling non-point pollution; c) strengthening ecological construction and ecological security; and d) controlling multi-pollution and preventing trace toxic pollutants.

Research on changes of coastal land use intensity in bay area during past 30 years——A case study of Xiangshan Bay

Taking the coastal zone of Xiangshan Bay as a study area,based on the information of four TM images of1985,1995,2005,and2015,this study divided the land use types into8categories.Then,through calculating4kinds of index models:land-use dynamic index,conversion matrix,land use structure information entropy,and comprehensive index of land development and utilization intensity,the speed,structure,degree,and the spatial-temporal changes in the land development and utilization of Xiangshan Bay coastal zone from1985to2015are researched and analyzed.Results showed that:from1985to2015,the expansion speed of aquaculture land and salt pan of Xiangshan Bay coastal zone was the fastest,the highest dynamic degree could up to11.97%,construction land expansion rate of the second,with significant increase in the area.Intertidal zone reduced by a maximum speed,and the area of farmland decreased obviously.In that30years,the main land type change direction of Xiangshan Bay coastal zone was the farmland turn into construction land,followed by forest turn into farmland.Information entropy increased by period,the land use structure homogeneity constantly strengthened and regional development became gradually mature.The change rate of land use intensity in each period was greater than zero,and the intensity of land development and utilization in Xiangshan Bay coastal zone was enhanced continuously.

Problems and countermeasures for land exploitation and utilization in China's development areas

s: The planning area and developing area in China's l29 national and 584 provincial development areas cover 8000 km2 and l500 km2 respectively. By typical field investigations we found that China's development areas have the characteristics of abundant categories, excessive quantities, large scales and dense localities in coastlands, border areas and river banks. And their utilization have 4 features of mainly collecting and occupying agricultural lands, minor rebuilding of old city; mainly taking up cultivated lands, minor exploiting and utilizing barren mountains and bleak sloping lands; collecting and occupying lands at first, utilizing afterwards; using large quantities of lands but obtaining comparatively fewer benefits. According to the analyses, China's development areas can be concluded into one of the four categories: constructed from cultivated lands, reconstructed from old cities, constructed from coastlands and islands, and constructed from barren mountains and desolate sloping lands. Their corresponding problems of unsuitable planning and distribution leaving cultivated lands unused, low remission price and chaotic management measures are analyzed in detail and the countermeasures are put forward. These include planning and distribution the lands in an integrated way, managing all these lands in a unified system. improving the growth pattern of their economy, and advancing their utilization and output ratios.

Research on sustainable development of small islands in China─taking 12 island counties for examples

Islands serve as the basis for marine exploitation,and the sustainable development of islands and that of marine exploitation are closely inter-connected. This article inquires into problems on the sustainable development of small islands by taking 12 island counties in China for examples.

Coastal zone and its sustainable development

Coastal zone, a boundary shared by land and occo and the baseline to understand the earth,has become a very important part of earth system science and for global change study. From the viewpoint of society and economy, the coastal zone is the prosperous forefront for social development Butis also gives rise to a series of abuses, leading to destruction of resources and environment Theseproblems have become serious obstacles restricting the sustainability in thes area. Therefore, we mustemphasize on the study of the coastal zone, not ouly on its land part but also its ocean part. In order torealise sustainable development of coastal zone, multi-disciplinery studies and integration of naturalsciences with social sciences are necessary and more attention shoud be focused on monitoring, andplanning of coastal zone by utilizing GIS (geographical information system), satellite geo-observationsystem, GPS (global position system) and global communication network technologies.

An assessment of “fishing down marine food webs” in coastal states during 1950–2010

Mean trophic level of fishery landings（MTL） is one of the most widely used biodiversity indicators to assess the impacts of fishing. Based on the landing data compiled by Food and Agriculture Organization combined with trophic information of relevant species in Fish Base, we evaluated the status of marine fisheries from 1950 to 2010 for different coastal states in Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans. We found that the phenomenon of ＂fishing down marine food webs＂ occurred in 43 states. Specifically, 27 states belonged to ＂fishing-through＂ pattern, and 16 states resulted from ＂fishing-down＂ scenario. The sign of recovery in MTL was common in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans（occurred in 20 states）, but was generally accompanied by significantly decreased catches of traditional low trophic level species. In particular, 11 states showed significant declining catches of lower trophic levels. The MTL-based assessment of ＂fishing down marine food webs＂ needs to be interpreted cautiously.

海-陆交互作用与海岸带碳中和农业驱动

海岸带既是生态脆弱区也是低碳农业发展“前哨”。推动和发展碳中和农业符合时代所需,也符合绿色、可持续发展理念。基于此,本文阐述了在海岸带区域发展碳中和农业的相关问题和重要性。首先,本文阐释了海陆交互作用以及海岸带碳中和农业发展理念;然后,分析了海岸带碳中和农业驱动中的碳中和农业生物、人工光合作用与农业驱动以及该理念的工程化应用问题;最后,深入剖析了如何识别海岸带农业核心碳汇,包括原位监测、同位素标记与统计学分析方法,并在此基础上提出了农业碳汇增强技术,为后续海岸带碳中和农业的构建、发展和实践提供参考,同时对促进脆弱的海岸带生态系统的保护和绿色低碳农业的发展具有重要意义。

基于文献计量法的海岸带规划研究现状及趋势分析

海岸带规划聚焦于海岸带区域空间管理,作为国土空间规划的专项规划,是实现海岸带区域陆海统筹和综合管理的重要抓手。为梳理国内外海岸带规划研究现状与热点,以Web of Science(WOS)核心合集库和中国期刊全文数据库为数据源,采用文献可视化工具,分析海岸带规划研究高影响力作者和机构、研究主题及演变。研究结果表明:海岸带规划受到广泛关注,国内外海岸带规划研究发文量呈现上升趋势,国际发表增速较快;国际研究热点侧重于人为活动干扰下的海岸带规划及其优化、海岸带规划风险评估模型等,国内侧重于可持续发展与海岸带综合管理、海岸带开发与生态安全问题等;近年来,国际对海岸带规划的研究倾向于基于生态系统的管理解决方案,国内倾向于构建陆海统筹的国土空间规划体系。本研究为了解当前国内外海岸带规划发展提供学术参考。

中国内地海岸带土地利用/覆盖变化及其可持续发展

土地利用/覆盖变化是全球土地研究的重要问题,而海岸带则是该领域研究的热点区域。本研究选取土地利用/覆盖数据,利用土地利用动态度、转移矩阵、土地利用变化图谱和联合国可持续发展目标评价指标,分析了中国内地海岸带土地利用变化特征及实现可持续发展目标进展情况。结果表明:①1985—2021年,土地利用/覆盖变化总体趋势以耕地萎缩和不透水面扩张为主,其次是林地扩张,再次是灌丛、草地和裸地收缩,最后是水域小幅度扩张。②前期土地利用类型组成结构以耕地和林地为主,后期以耕地、林地和不透水面为主。③土地利用变化过程的离散程度低,耕地向不透水面转换的变化比例最高,集中分布在环渤海湾、长江三角洲和珠江三角洲等人口密度高的经济圈地带。④森林覆盖率总体上升0.88%,森林面积增加了4088.89 km^(2),满足联合国可持续发展15.1.1目标。森林覆盖得到有效的恢复和控制,呈现改善趋势,满足可持续发展15.2目标要求。土地退化率前期迅速增加,后期趋于稳定,36 a间研究区土地退化率为11.76%,土地退化面积仍高于改善面积,与实现2030年可持续发展目标15.3(土地退化零增长)还存在一定距离。未来需合理规划中国内地海岸带土地利用,加大土地改善力度。

当代滨海工业用地规划与设计分析——以厦门航空产业启动区项目为例

文章以厦门航空产业启动区项目为例,探讨了当代滨海工业用地规划与设计的相关问题。通过对滨海工业用地的含义及特点的分析,总结了滨海工业用地规划与设计中存在的问题和挑战。在此基础上,重点分析了厦门航空产业启动区项目的背景、目标,并从科学的角度分析了厦门航空产业启动区项目的规划方案与设计方案。文章的研究可为今后滨海工业用地的规划与设计提供参考和借鉴。

陆海统筹背景下产业统筹发展的研究框架及关键议题

陆地和海洋是不能割裂的经济和社会发展载体,陆海一体化发展是陆海统筹的根本目的和凝练概括,而产业统筹是陆海统筹的有力抓手。通过对陆海统筹已有文献的梳理,发现现有研究集中于海洋空间规划中对于海岸带综合开发的讨论、海洋强国和海洋城市建设的理论研究、海岸带生态环境保护与修复、海洋经济系统与陆域经济系统的内在联系计量。在综述陆海统筹的基础上发现,陆海产业统筹的研究较为分散和薄弱,为此提出了陆海产业统筹发展的框架,框架包括:自然要素统筹、生产要素统筹、社会部门统筹和政府机构统筹,4个维度的统筹相互联系、共同作用,具象展示了陆海产业统筹的全部内容。最后,对陆海产业统筹的研究进行展望,提出未来研究需要特别关注基础理论、政策评价、实施管理和案例剖析等关键议题。

黄河三角洲滨海盐碱地可持续利用的水土资源约束与均衡配置策略

基于现有耕地优势并开发利用好各类后备耕地资源,对确保国家粮食与生态安全意义重大。黄河三角洲(黄三角)盐碱地后备耕地资源丰富,农业开发利用潜力巨大,但因水资源短缺、水土资源配置不平衡而制约了高效可持续利用。本文梳理了黄三角滨海盐碱地治理利用与种植业发展现状,详细分析了地区水土资源条件,从水资源供应、地下水位调控、治理利用体系、科技创新及运行管理等方面明晰了发展挑战。提出的水土资源高效可持续利用与均衡配置策略为:适度增加引黄配额并实施滨海入海河道水系联通工程以优化调配区域水资源,启动高标准灌排体系完善与配套建设工程以促进耕地提质增效,加快盐碱地治理利用关键技术集成示范推广以发挥科技支撑作用。相关成果可为我国滨海盐碱地综合治理与高效利用、农业可持续发展等研究提供启发和参考。

陆海统筹视角下温州市海岸带国土空间开发利用时空变化特征研究

对海岸带国土空间开发利用演变进行研究,有助于为海岸带陆海统筹与可持续发展提供新的思路与支撑。基于温州市海岸带多时相土地利用数据、遥感影像数据和综合海域使用数据,从陆域系统的景观格局与土地开发利用程度、海域系统的使用结构与多样性、大陆海岸线变迁三个角度研究温州市海岸带国土空间开发利用特征的时空变化特征。结果表明:(1) 1990-2018年温州市海岸带陆域系统景观动态变化显著,林地、耕地、城乡工矿居民用地和水域的面积变化幅度较大,主要表现为1995年前耕地转变为林地,1995年后其他景观转变为城乡工矿居民用地;(2) 1990-2018年温州市海岸带陆域系统景观空间格局整体上呈现破碎化趋势,但在2015年后情况有所好转;(3) 1990-2018年温州市海岸带开发利用程度总体呈现不断增强趋势,陆域系统和海域系统的开发利用结构趋于均衡化和多元化,大陆海岸线趋于平直并向海侧推移。

中国广义农业水土资源匹配及利用状况动态评价

作为农业发展的核心要素,水土资源匹配态势与利用程度决定着中国农业可持续发展及食物安全。为优化中国农业水土资源配置,该研究基于2000—2020年31个省市的统计数据,采用基尼系数评价农业水土匹配状况,提出广义农业水土匹配系数揭示各省农业水土资源匹配状况及配比程度,联合匹配特征与水土利用状况确定各省农业水土资源利用类型区。结果表明:1)研究期内,中国灌溉水与耕地分布差距较大(基尼系数均值0.424),匹配情况变差;广义农业水资源与耕地资源分布相对合理(基尼系数均值为0.360),无显著变化趋势。地理区及省际间农业水土匹配程度存在较大差异。华北、西北和东北地区匹配状况为“土多水少”,华东、华中和西南地区匹配状况为“水多土少”,广东(广义农业水土匹配系数均值为2.06)和云南(广义农业水土匹配系数均值为1.02)匹配程度分别为各省市最低和最高,匹配状况均为“水多土少”;2)农业水土资源利用程度空间异质性明显,垦殖率东南高西北低,农业水资源利用程度北高南低;3)吉林、新疆、江苏水土资源配置情况变差(转为低匹配高开发区),北京水土资源配置情况有所好转(转为高匹配低开发区)。研究结果能够为国家农业水土资源优化配置相关决策提供支撑,对实现国家食物安全及农业可持续发展具有重要意义。

无居民海岛资源资产核算与账户体系构建研究

无居民海岛资源是海洋资源资产的重要组成部分,开展无居民海岛资源资产的核算方法及账户体系构建技术研究对于统筹推进自然资源资产产权制度改革具有重要意义。本文以环境经济综合核算(SEEA-2012)为编制依据,探索无居民海岛资源资产核算方法与账户体系构建路径。首先,参照“实物统计-价格估算-价值核算”的逻辑思路设计核算流程;其次,为反映无居民海岛资源所有权和使用权现状,从“总量所有”和“开发利用”两个方面来研究实物与经济价值核算方法;再次,以收益还原法为基础,构建出无居民海岛资源资产权益价格和开发收益价格评估方法;最后,设计出无居民海岛资源资产实物与价值核算表式结构与账户体系。

Relative sea-level rising and its control strategy in coastal regions of China in the 21st century

The Chinese coastal regions are the high risk areas of natural disasters for their lowland and weak and sensitive eco-evironment. The relative sea-level rising (RSLR), resulting from the piling of global sea-level rising and regional land subsidence, is to speed up in the 21st century. Certainly the RSLR will exacerbate the land submerging, the disaster from storm-tide and flood-waterlogging and the water shortage, and then affect urban withstanding function, construction safety and eco-resources. According to sustainable development theory, the sustainable utilization of resources and environment and sustainable development of economy and society can both be effectively achieved in coastal regions of China in the 21st century only by the implementation of controlling discharge of greenhouse gas, optimal exploitation of and artificial recharge of ground-water, systematic control of land subsidence, higher design standards for tide and flood controlengineering, improving urban anti-disaster ability, a study on strategy and policy for RSLR and establishment of forecast and pre-warning institution.

中国海岸带土地研究回顾与展望

随着我国海洋意识的强化,海岸带土地资源的配置成为我国经济由陆域向海洋战略推进的关键.梳理国内相关研究文献,初步归纳其发展特点发现,海岸带土地研究起步晚但近年发展迅速,实证研究为文献主流,研究方法渐趋计量化等.研究可归纳为5方面:(1)海岸带土地利用/覆被变化动态、驱动因素与环境效应研究;(2)海岸带土地景观生态、生态价值与生态评价研究;(3)海岸带土地评价;(4)海岸带土地资源开发与发展战略研究;(5)基于海岸带土地的GIS、RS技术集成研究.根据国内外海岸带土地利用研究的动态与趋势,从海岸带土地利用/覆被与全球响应、海岸带综合管理的发展研究、海外地域海岸带土地利用的解读、海岸带土地研究的方法集成探索与应用等方面阐述了海岸带土地利用研究展望,为深化我国海岸带土地研究提供一定的参考与借鉴.

沿海发达地区土地利用研究新进展与方向

土地资源的短缺、质量退化与低效利用,已成为影响沿海发达地区生态安全与可持续发展的重要制约因素,也是土地利用管理与规划决策所面临的现实难题。我国沿海经济发达地区作为人地矛盾激化和经济快速转型背景下特殊的人文生态脆弱区,受到了包括地理学、生态学、经济学和社会学等多学科学者的密切关注,尤其是近10多年来在沿海土地利用变化及其效应研究方面取得了丰硕成果。主要以土地科学研究新方向和沿海地区经济社会发展态势为基本背景,从土地利用类型及其转换格局、驱动力因素辨识与驱动机制、土地利用转换的效应、区域土地可持续利用,以及土地利用优化配置与调控等方面,对沿海地区土地利用研究进行了初步梳理和评述,并指出今后应重视深化沿海发达地区土地利用研究的9个重点问题。