This research presents a novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm called Frilled Lizard Optimization(FLO),which emulates the unique hunting behavior of frilled lizards in their natural habitat.FLO draws its inspi...This research presents a novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm called Frilled Lizard Optimization(FLO),which emulates the unique hunting behavior of frilled lizards in their natural habitat.FLO draws its inspiration from the sit-and-wait hunting strategy of these lizards.The algorithm’s core principles are meticulously detailed and mathematically structured into two distinct phases:(i)an exploration phase,which mimics the lizard’s sudden attack on its prey,and(ii)an exploitation phase,which simulates the lizard’s retreat to the treetops after feeding.To assess FLO’s efficacy in addressing optimization problems,its performance is rigorously tested on fifty-two standard benchmark functions.These functions include unimodal,high-dimensional multimodal,and fixed-dimensional multimodal functions,as well as the challenging CEC 2017 test suite.FLO’s performance is benchmarked against twelve established metaheuristic algorithms,providing a comprehensive comparative analysis.The simulation results demonstrate that FLO excels in both exploration and exploitation,effectively balancing these two critical aspects throughout the search process.This balanced approach enables FLO to outperform several competing algorithms in numerous test cases.Additionally,FLO is applied to twenty-two constrained optimization problems from the CEC 2011 test suite and four complex engineering design problems,further validating its robustness and versatility in solving real-world optimization challenges.Overall,the study highlights FLO’s superior performance and its potential as a powerful tool for tackling a wide range of optimization problems.展开更多
More and more accounts or devices are shared by multiple users in video applications,which makes it difficult to provide recommendation service.Existing recommendation schemes overlook multiuser sharing scenarios,and ...More and more accounts or devices are shared by multiple users in video applications,which makes it difficult to provide recommendation service.Existing recommendation schemes overlook multiuser sharing scenarios,and they cannot make effective use of the mixed information generated by multi-user when exploring users’potential interests.To solve these problems,this paper proposes an adaptive program recommendation system for multi-user sharing environment.Specifically,we first design an offline periodic identification module by building multi-user features and periodically predicting target user in future sessions,which can separate the profile of target user from mixed log records.Subsequently,an online recommendation module with adaptive timevarying exploration strategy is constructed by jointly using personal information and multi-user social information provided by identification module.On one hand,to learn the dynamic changes in user-interest,a time-varying linear upper confidence bound(LinUCB)based on personal information is designed.On the other hand,to reduce the risk of exploration,a timeinvariant LinUCB based on separated multi-user social information from one account/device is proposed to compute the quality scores of programs for each user,which is integrated into the time-varying LinUCB by cross-weighting strategy.Finally,experimental results validate the efficiency of the proposed scheme.展开更多
This paper introduces a groundbreaking metaheuristic algorithm named Magnificent Frigatebird Optimization(MFO),inspired by the unique behaviors observed in magnificent frigatebirds in their natural habitats.The founda...This paper introduces a groundbreaking metaheuristic algorithm named Magnificent Frigatebird Optimization(MFO),inspired by the unique behaviors observed in magnificent frigatebirds in their natural habitats.The foundation of MFO is based on the kleptoparasitic behavior of these birds,where they steal prey from other seabirds.In this process,a magnificent frigatebird targets a food-carrying seabird,aggressively pecking at it until the seabird drops its prey.The frigatebird then swiftly dives to capture the abandoned prey before it falls into the water.The theoretical framework of MFO is thoroughly detailed and mathematically represented,mimicking the frigatebird’s kleptoparasitic behavior in two distinct phases:exploration and exploitation.During the exploration phase,the algorithm searches for new potential solutions across a broad area,akin to the frigatebird scouting for vulnerable seabirds.In the exploitation phase,the algorithm fine-tunes the solutions,similar to the frigatebird focusing on a single target to secure its meal.To evaluate MFO’s performance,the algorithm is tested on twenty-three standard benchmark functions,including unimodal,high-dimensional multimodal,and fixed-dimensional multimodal types.The results from these evaluations highlight MFO’s proficiency in balancing exploration and exploitation throughout the optimization process.Comparative studies with twelve well-known metaheuristic algo-rithms demonstrate that MFO consistently achieves superior optimization results,outperforming its competitors across various metrics.In addition,the implementation of MFO on four engineering design problems shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach in handling real-world applications,thereby validating its practical utility and robustness.展开更多
In this study,a new image-based method for the extraction and characterization of pore-throat network for unconventional hydrocarbon storage and exploitation is proposed.“Pore-throat solidity”,which is analogous to ...In this study,a new image-based method for the extraction and characterization of pore-throat network for unconventional hydrocarbon storage and exploitation is proposed.“Pore-throat solidity”,which is analogous to particle solidity,and a new method for automatic identification of pores and throats in tight sandstone oil reservoirs are introduced.Additionally,the“pore-throat combination”and“pure pore”are defined and distinguished by drawing the cumulative probability curve of the pore-throat solidity and by selecting an appropriate cutoff point.When the discrete grid set is recognized as a pore-throat combination,Legendre ellipse fitting and minimum Feret diameter are used.When the pore and throat grid sets are identified as pure pores,the pore diameter can be directly calculated.Using the new method,the analytical results for the physical parameters and pore radius agree well with most prior studies.The results comparing the maximum ball and the new model could also prove the accuracy of the latter's in micro and nano scales.The new model provides a more practical theoretical basis and a new calculation method for the rapid and accurate evaluation of the complex processes of oil migration.展开更多
Background:Nepal has a long history of labour migration over the years.Migrants can experience a range of problems in their destination countries,and women are more at risk than men.This paper is the first to explore ...Background:Nepal has a long history of labour migration over the years.Migrants can experience a range of problems in their destination countries,and women are more at risk than men.This paper is the first to explore the problems faced by Nepalese women migrants while working abroad.Methods:This study was conducted among 1,889 women who were registered as migrant returnees at an organisation called Pourakhi Nepal.The study extracted and analysed data from a non-governmental organisation that supports returning female migrant workers in Nepal.Results:Around half(43.1%)of the women were 35 or older,30.9% were illiterate,and 63.6% were in their first overseas job.More than one-third(38.5%)had self-reported workplace harassment.Physical violence was the most prevalent(68%),followed by verbal abuse(37.5%),mental stress(29.7%),and sexual abuse(14.1%).Women who were illiterate(adjusted odds ratio[AOR]1.25,95% confidence interval[CI):1.01 to 1.55),unmarried(AOR 1.27,95%CI:1.05 to 1.56),worked abroad twice or more(AOR 1.35,95%CI:1.10 to 1.66),changed their place of work(AOR 2.38,95%CI:1.42 to 4.01),lived without documents(AOR 1.24,95%CI:1.03 to 1.50),worked as domestics(AOR 3.56,95%CI:2.03 to 6.23),worked in other than Gulf Cooperation Council countries(AOR 1.45,95%CI:1.06 to 1.99),women who did not have a fixed salary(AOR 1.64,95%CI:1.28 to 2.10)and did not receive salary(AOR 3.71,95%CI:2.88 to 4.77)were more likely to be harassed at work.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that the host governments should introduce and enforce policies protecting women in the workplace.Migrant women should be provided with better information about health risks and hazards as well as how to improve preventive measures in destination countries to reduce workplace harassment.展开更多
Identifying the real fracture of rock hidden in acoustic emission(AE)source clusters(AE-depicted microcrack zone)remains challenging and crucial.Here we revealed the AE energy(representing dissipated energy)distributi...Identifying the real fracture of rock hidden in acoustic emission(AE)source clusters(AE-depicted microcrack zone)remains challenging and crucial.Here we revealed the AE energy(representing dissipated energy)distribution rule in the rock microcrack zone and proposed an AE-energy-based method for identifying the real fracture.(1)A set of fracture experiments were performed on granite using wedgeloading,and the fracture process was detected and recorded by AE.The microcrack zone associated with the energy dissipation was characterized by AE sources and energy distribution,utilizing our selfdeveloped AE analysis program(RockAE).(2)The accumulated AE energy,an index representing energy dissipation,across the AE-depicted microcrack zone followed the normal distribution model(the mean and variance relate to the real fracture path and the microcrack zone width).This result implies that the nucleation and coalescence of massive cracks(i.e.,real fracture generation process)are supposed to follow a normal distribution.(3)Then,we obtained the real fracture extension path by joining the peak positions of the AE energy normal distribution curve at different cross-sections of the microcrack zone.Consequently,we distinguished between the microcrack zone and the concealed real fracture within it.The deviation was validated as slight as 1–3 mm.展开更多
Geothermal energy has gained wide attention as a renewable alternative for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.The advancements in enhanced geothermal system technology have enabled the exploitation of previously inac...Geothermal energy has gained wide attention as a renewable alternative for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.The advancements in enhanced geothermal system technology have enabled the exploitation of previously inaccessible geothermal resources.However,the extraction of geothermal energy from deep reservoirs poses many challenges due to high‐temperature and high‐geostress conditions.These factors can significantly impact the surrounding rock and its fracture formation.A comprehensive understanding of the thermal–hydraulic–mechanical(THM)coupling effect is crucial to the safe and efficient exploitation of geothermal resources.This study presented a THM coupling numerical model for the geothermal reservoir of the Yangbajing geothermal system.This proposed model investigated the geothermal exploitation performance and the stress distribution within the reservoir under various combinations of geothermal wells and mass flow rates.The geothermal system performance was evaluated by the criteria of outlet temperature and geothermal productivity.The results indicate that the longer distance between wells can increase the outlet temperature of production wells and improve extraction efficiency in the short term.In contrast,the shorter distance between wells can reduce the heat exchange area and thus mitigate the impact on the reservoir stress.A larger mass flow rate is conducive to the production capacity enhancement of the geothermal system and,in turn causes a wider range of stress disturbance.These findings provide valuable insights into the optimization of geothermal energy extraction while considering reservoir safety and long‐term sustainability.This study deepens the understanding of the THM coupling effects in geothermal systems and provides an efficient and environmentally friendly strategy for a geothermal energy system.展开更多
The analysis of hydrochemical characteristics and influencing factors of surface river on plateau is helpful to study water hydrological cycle and environmental evolution,which can scientifically guide rational develo...The analysis of hydrochemical characteristics and influencing factors of surface river on plateau is helpful to study water hydrological cycle and environmental evolution,which can scientifically guide rational development and utilization of water resources and planning of ecological environment protection.With the expansion and diversification of human activities,the quality of surface rivers will be more directly affected.Therefore,it is of great significance to pay attention to the hydrochemical characteristics of plateau surface rivers and the influence of human activities on their circulation and evolution.In this study,surface water in the Duoqu basin of Jinsha River located in Hengduan mountain region of Eastern Tibet was selected as the representative case.Twenty-three groups of surface water samples were collected to analyze the hydrochemical characteristics and ion sources based on correlation analysis,piper trigram,gibbs model,hydrogen and oxygen isotopic techniques.The results suggest the following:(1)The pH showed slight alkalinity with the value ranged from 7.25 to 8.62.Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+)and HCO_(3)^(–)were the main cations and anions.HCO_(3)^(-)Ca and HCO_(3)^(-)Ca·Mg were the primary hydrochemical types for the surface water of Duoqu River.The correlation analysis showed that TDS had the most significant correlation with Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+)and HCO_(3)^(–).Analysis on hydrogen and oxygen isotopes indicated that the surface rivers were mainly recharged by atmospheric precipitation and glacial melt water in this study area.(2)The surface water had a certain reverse cation alternating adsorption,and surface water ions were mainly derived from rock weathering,mainly controlled by weathering and dissolution of carbonates,and secondly by silicates and sodium rocks.(3)The influence of human activities was weak,while the development of cinnabar minerals had a certain impact on the hydrochemistry characteristics,which was the main factor for causing the increase of SO_(4)^(2–).The densely populated county towns and temples with frequent incense burning activities may cause some anomalies of surface water quality.At present,the Duoqu River watershed had gone through a certain influence of mineral exploitation,so the hydrological cycle and river eco-environment at watershed scale will still bound to be change.The results could provide basic support for better understanding water balance evolution as well as the ecological protection of Duoqu River watershed.展开更多
The deep aquifers in Jordan contain non-renewable and fossil groundwater and their extraction is quasi a mining process, which ends in the depletion of these resources. Although aquifers in the majority of groundwater...The deep aquifers in Jordan contain non-renewable and fossil groundwater and their extraction is quasi a mining process, which ends in the depletion of these resources. Although aquifers in the majority of groundwater basins in Jordan are vertically and horizontally interconnected stratification in different water quality horizons with generally increasing water salinity with the depth is observed. Many officials and planners advocate the extraction of deep salty and brackish water to be desalinated and used in household, industrial, and agricultural uses. In this article, the quality of the groundwater in the different deep aquifers and areas in Jordan is discussed. The results of this study show that the consequences of the deep groundwater exploitation are not restricted to depletion of the deep aquifers but also that the overlying fresh groundwater will, due to vertical and horizontal interconnectedness of the different aquifers, percolate down to replace the extracted deep groundwater. This will cause the down-percolating fresh groundwater to become salinized in the deep saline aquifers, which means that extracting the deep brackish and saline groundwater is not only an emptying process of the deep groundwater but also it is an emptying process of the fresh groundwater overlying them. The results allow to conclude that any extraction of the deep groundwater in areas lying to the north of Ras en Naqab Escarpment will have damaging impacts on the fresh groundwater in the overlying fresh groundwater aquifers. This article strongly advises not to extract the deep brackish and saline groundwater, but to conserve that groundwater as a base supporting the overlying fresh groundwater resources, and that will help in protecting the thermal mineralized water springs used in spas originating from these deep aquifers. The increasing water needs of the country can be covered by the desalination of seawater at Aqaba, which is the only viable option for Jordan at present and in the coming decades.展开更多
文摘This research presents a novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm called Frilled Lizard Optimization(FLO),which emulates the unique hunting behavior of frilled lizards in their natural habitat.FLO draws its inspiration from the sit-and-wait hunting strategy of these lizards.The algorithm’s core principles are meticulously detailed and mathematically structured into two distinct phases:(i)an exploration phase,which mimics the lizard’s sudden attack on its prey,and(ii)an exploitation phase,which simulates the lizard’s retreat to the treetops after feeding.To assess FLO’s efficacy in addressing optimization problems,its performance is rigorously tested on fifty-two standard benchmark functions.These functions include unimodal,high-dimensional multimodal,and fixed-dimensional multimodal functions,as well as the challenging CEC 2017 test suite.FLO’s performance is benchmarked against twelve established metaheuristic algorithms,providing a comprehensive comparative analysis.The simulation results demonstrate that FLO excels in both exploration and exploitation,effectively balancing these two critical aspects throughout the search process.This balanced approach enables FLO to outperform several competing algorithms in numerous test cases.Additionally,FLO is applied to twenty-two constrained optimization problems from the CEC 2011 test suite and four complex engineering design problems,further validating its robustness and versatility in solving real-world optimization challenges.Overall,the study highlights FLO’s superior performance and its potential as a powerful tool for tackling a wide range of optimization problems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62277032,62231017,62071254)Education Scientific Planning Project of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.B/2022/01/150)Jiangsu Provincial Qinglan Project,the Special Fund for Urban and Rural Construction and Development in Jiangsu Province.
文摘More and more accounts or devices are shared by multiple users in video applications,which makes it difficult to provide recommendation service.Existing recommendation schemes overlook multiuser sharing scenarios,and they cannot make effective use of the mixed information generated by multi-user when exploring users’potential interests.To solve these problems,this paper proposes an adaptive program recommendation system for multi-user sharing environment.Specifically,we first design an offline periodic identification module by building multi-user features and periodically predicting target user in future sessions,which can separate the profile of target user from mixed log records.Subsequently,an online recommendation module with adaptive timevarying exploration strategy is constructed by jointly using personal information and multi-user social information provided by identification module.On one hand,to learn the dynamic changes in user-interest,a time-varying linear upper confidence bound(LinUCB)based on personal information is designed.On the other hand,to reduce the risk of exploration,a timeinvariant LinUCB based on separated multi-user social information from one account/device is proposed to compute the quality scores of programs for each user,which is integrated into the time-varying LinUCB by cross-weighting strategy.Finally,experimental results validate the efficiency of the proposed scheme.
基金This research is funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan(Grant No.AP19674517).
文摘This paper introduces a groundbreaking metaheuristic algorithm named Magnificent Frigatebird Optimization(MFO),inspired by the unique behaviors observed in magnificent frigatebirds in their natural habitats.The foundation of MFO is based on the kleptoparasitic behavior of these birds,where they steal prey from other seabirds.In this process,a magnificent frigatebird targets a food-carrying seabird,aggressively pecking at it until the seabird drops its prey.The frigatebird then swiftly dives to capture the abandoned prey before it falls into the water.The theoretical framework of MFO is thoroughly detailed and mathematically represented,mimicking the frigatebird’s kleptoparasitic behavior in two distinct phases:exploration and exploitation.During the exploration phase,the algorithm searches for new potential solutions across a broad area,akin to the frigatebird scouting for vulnerable seabirds.In the exploitation phase,the algorithm fine-tunes the solutions,similar to the frigatebird focusing on a single target to secure its meal.To evaluate MFO’s performance,the algorithm is tested on twenty-three standard benchmark functions,including unimodal,high-dimensional multimodal,and fixed-dimensional multimodal types.The results from these evaluations highlight MFO’s proficiency in balancing exploration and exploitation throughout the optimization process.Comparative studies with twelve well-known metaheuristic algo-rithms demonstrate that MFO consistently achieves superior optimization results,outperforming its competitors across various metrics.In addition,the implementation of MFO on four engineering design problems shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach in handling real-world applications,thereby validating its practical utility and robustness.
基金jointly supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.8232054)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.YESS20220094)+2 种基金Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by BAST(No.BYESS2023182)Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(No.2023021)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41902132)。
文摘In this study,a new image-based method for the extraction and characterization of pore-throat network for unconventional hydrocarbon storage and exploitation is proposed.“Pore-throat solidity”,which is analogous to particle solidity,and a new method for automatic identification of pores and throats in tight sandstone oil reservoirs are introduced.Additionally,the“pore-throat combination”and“pure pore”are defined and distinguished by drawing the cumulative probability curve of the pore-throat solidity and by selecting an appropriate cutoff point.When the discrete grid set is recognized as a pore-throat combination,Legendre ellipse fitting and minimum Feret diameter are used.When the pore and throat grid sets are identified as pure pores,the pore diameter can be directly calculated.Using the new method,the analytical results for the physical parameters and pore radius agree well with most prior studies.The results comparing the maximum ball and the new model could also prove the accuracy of the latter's in micro and nano scales.The new model provides a more practical theoretical basis and a new calculation method for the rapid and accurate evaluation of the complex processes of oil migration.
基金This study had financial support from Liverpool John Moores University,United Kingdom(Padam Simkhada)and Bournemouth University,United Kingdom(Edwin van Teijlingen).
文摘Background:Nepal has a long history of labour migration over the years.Migrants can experience a range of problems in their destination countries,and women are more at risk than men.This paper is the first to explore the problems faced by Nepalese women migrants while working abroad.Methods:This study was conducted among 1,889 women who were registered as migrant returnees at an organisation called Pourakhi Nepal.The study extracted and analysed data from a non-governmental organisation that supports returning female migrant workers in Nepal.Results:Around half(43.1%)of the women were 35 or older,30.9% were illiterate,and 63.6% were in their first overseas job.More than one-third(38.5%)had self-reported workplace harassment.Physical violence was the most prevalent(68%),followed by verbal abuse(37.5%),mental stress(29.7%),and sexual abuse(14.1%).Women who were illiterate(adjusted odds ratio[AOR]1.25,95% confidence interval[CI):1.01 to 1.55),unmarried(AOR 1.27,95%CI:1.05 to 1.56),worked abroad twice or more(AOR 1.35,95%CI:1.10 to 1.66),changed their place of work(AOR 2.38,95%CI:1.42 to 4.01),lived without documents(AOR 1.24,95%CI:1.03 to 1.50),worked as domestics(AOR 3.56,95%CI:2.03 to 6.23),worked in other than Gulf Cooperation Council countries(AOR 1.45,95%CI:1.06 to 1.99),women who did not have a fixed salary(AOR 1.64,95%CI:1.28 to 2.10)and did not receive salary(AOR 3.71,95%CI:2.88 to 4.77)were more likely to be harassed at work.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that the host governments should introduce and enforce policies protecting women in the workplace.Migrant women should be provided with better information about health risks and hazards as well as how to improve preventive measures in destination countries to reduce workplace harassment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52274013)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2024ZDPYYQ1005)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC2902103)the Independent Research Project of State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources,CUMT(No.SKLCRSM23X002).
文摘Identifying the real fracture of rock hidden in acoustic emission(AE)source clusters(AE-depicted microcrack zone)remains challenging and crucial.Here we revealed the AE energy(representing dissipated energy)distribution rule in the rock microcrack zone and proposed an AE-energy-based method for identifying the real fracture.(1)A set of fracture experiments were performed on granite using wedgeloading,and the fracture process was detected and recorded by AE.The microcrack zone associated with the energy dissipation was characterized by AE sources and energy distribution,utilizing our selfdeveloped AE analysis program(RockAE).(2)The accumulated AE energy,an index representing energy dissipation,across the AE-depicted microcrack zone followed the normal distribution model(the mean and variance relate to the real fracture path and the microcrack zone width).This result implies that the nucleation and coalescence of massive cracks(i.e.,real fracture generation process)are supposed to follow a normal distribution.(3)Then,we obtained the real fracture extension path by joining the peak positions of the AE energy normal distribution curve at different cross-sections of the microcrack zone.Consequently,we distinguished between the microcrack zone and the concealed real fracture within it.The deviation was validated as slight as 1–3 mm.
基金supported by the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52204084)Project funded by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M700388).
文摘Geothermal energy has gained wide attention as a renewable alternative for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.The advancements in enhanced geothermal system technology have enabled the exploitation of previously inaccessible geothermal resources.However,the extraction of geothermal energy from deep reservoirs poses many challenges due to high‐temperature and high‐geostress conditions.These factors can significantly impact the surrounding rock and its fracture formation.A comprehensive understanding of the thermal–hydraulic–mechanical(THM)coupling effect is crucial to the safe and efficient exploitation of geothermal resources.This study presented a THM coupling numerical model for the geothermal reservoir of the Yangbajing geothermal system.This proposed model investigated the geothermal exploitation performance and the stress distribution within the reservoir under various combinations of geothermal wells and mass flow rates.The geothermal system performance was evaluated by the criteria of outlet temperature and geothermal productivity.The results indicate that the longer distance between wells can increase the outlet temperature of production wells and improve extraction efficiency in the short term.In contrast,the shorter distance between wells can reduce the heat exchange area and thus mitigate the impact on the reservoir stress.A larger mass flow rate is conducive to the production capacity enhancement of the geothermal system and,in turn causes a wider range of stress disturbance.These findings provide valuable insights into the optimization of geothermal energy extraction while considering reservoir safety and long‐term sustainability.This study deepens the understanding of the THM coupling effects in geothermal systems and provides an efficient and environmentally friendly strategy for a geothermal energy system.
基金financially supported by the Geological Survey Project of China Geological Survey(DD20230077,DD20230456,DD20230424)。
文摘The analysis of hydrochemical characteristics and influencing factors of surface river on plateau is helpful to study water hydrological cycle and environmental evolution,which can scientifically guide rational development and utilization of water resources and planning of ecological environment protection.With the expansion and diversification of human activities,the quality of surface rivers will be more directly affected.Therefore,it is of great significance to pay attention to the hydrochemical characteristics of plateau surface rivers and the influence of human activities on their circulation and evolution.In this study,surface water in the Duoqu basin of Jinsha River located in Hengduan mountain region of Eastern Tibet was selected as the representative case.Twenty-three groups of surface water samples were collected to analyze the hydrochemical characteristics and ion sources based on correlation analysis,piper trigram,gibbs model,hydrogen and oxygen isotopic techniques.The results suggest the following:(1)The pH showed slight alkalinity with the value ranged from 7.25 to 8.62.Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+)and HCO_(3)^(–)were the main cations and anions.HCO_(3)^(-)Ca and HCO_(3)^(-)Ca·Mg were the primary hydrochemical types for the surface water of Duoqu River.The correlation analysis showed that TDS had the most significant correlation with Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+)and HCO_(3)^(–).Analysis on hydrogen and oxygen isotopes indicated that the surface rivers were mainly recharged by atmospheric precipitation and glacial melt water in this study area.(2)The surface water had a certain reverse cation alternating adsorption,and surface water ions were mainly derived from rock weathering,mainly controlled by weathering and dissolution of carbonates,and secondly by silicates and sodium rocks.(3)The influence of human activities was weak,while the development of cinnabar minerals had a certain impact on the hydrochemistry characteristics,which was the main factor for causing the increase of SO_(4)^(2–).The densely populated county towns and temples with frequent incense burning activities may cause some anomalies of surface water quality.At present,the Duoqu River watershed had gone through a certain influence of mineral exploitation,so the hydrological cycle and river eco-environment at watershed scale will still bound to be change.The results could provide basic support for better understanding water balance evolution as well as the ecological protection of Duoqu River watershed.
文摘The deep aquifers in Jordan contain non-renewable and fossil groundwater and their extraction is quasi a mining process, which ends in the depletion of these resources. Although aquifers in the majority of groundwater basins in Jordan are vertically and horizontally interconnected stratification in different water quality horizons with generally increasing water salinity with the depth is observed. Many officials and planners advocate the extraction of deep salty and brackish water to be desalinated and used in household, industrial, and agricultural uses. In this article, the quality of the groundwater in the different deep aquifers and areas in Jordan is discussed. The results of this study show that the consequences of the deep groundwater exploitation are not restricted to depletion of the deep aquifers but also that the overlying fresh groundwater will, due to vertical and horizontal interconnectedness of the different aquifers, percolate down to replace the extracted deep groundwater. This will cause the down-percolating fresh groundwater to become salinized in the deep saline aquifers, which means that extracting the deep brackish and saline groundwater is not only an emptying process of the deep groundwater but also it is an emptying process of the fresh groundwater overlying them. The results allow to conclude that any extraction of the deep groundwater in areas lying to the north of Ras en Naqab Escarpment will have damaging impacts on the fresh groundwater in the overlying fresh groundwater aquifers. This article strongly advises not to extract the deep brackish and saline groundwater, but to conserve that groundwater as a base supporting the overlying fresh groundwater resources, and that will help in protecting the thermal mineralized water springs used in spas originating from these deep aquifers. The increasing water needs of the country can be covered by the desalination of seawater at Aqaba, which is the only viable option for Jordan at present and in the coming decades.
