Distribution characteristics, exploration and development, geological theories research progress and exploration directions of shale gas in China

The shale gas resources in China have great potential and the geological resources of shale gas is over 100×10^(12)m^(3),which includes about 20×10^(12)m^(3) of recoverable resources.Organic-rich shales can be divided into three types according to their sedimentary environments,namely marine,marine-continental transitional,and continental shales,which are distributed in 13 stratigraphic systems from the Mesoproterozoic to the Cenozoic.The Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas have the highest geological resources of shale gas,and the commercial development of shale gas has been achieved in the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in these areas,with a shale gas production of up to 20×10^(9)m^(3) in 2020.China has seen rapid shale gas exploration and development over the last five years,successively achieving breakthroughs and important findings in many areas and strata.The details are as follows.(1)Large-scale development of middle-shallow shale gas(burial depth:less than 3500 m)has been realized,with the productivity having rapidly increased;(2)breakthroughs have been constantly made in the development of deep shale gas(burial depth:3500-4500 m),and the ultradeep shale gas(burial depth:greater than 4500 m)is under testing;(3)breakthroughs have been made in the development of normal-pressure shale gas,and the assessment of the shale gas in complex tectonic areas is being accelerated;(4)shale gas has been frequently discovered in new areas and new strata,exhibiting a great prospect.Based on the exploration and development practice,three aspects of consensus have been gradually reached on the research progress in the geological theories of shale gas achieved in China.(1)in terms of deep-water fine-grained sediments,organic-rich shales are the base for the formation of shale gas;(2)in terms of high-quality reservoirs,the development of micro-nano organic matter-hosted pores serves as the core of shale gas accumulation;(3)in terms of preservation conditions,weak structural transformation,a moderate degree of thermal evolution,and a high pressure coefficient are the key to shale gas enrichment.As a type of important low-carbon fossil energy,shale gas will play an increasingly important role in achieving the strategic goals of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality.Based on the in-depth study of shale gas geological conditions and current exploration progress,three important directions for shale gas exploration in China in the next five years are put forward.

China's shale gas exploration and development: Understanding and practice

Through detailed analyses of the distribution characteristics of organic-rich shale, appearance features of high-quality shale, microscopic characteristics of shale reservoir rocks, fracability, and the relationship between preservation conditions and shale gas enrichment in Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin, theoretical understandings and specific suggestions with respect to the exploration and development of shale gas in China are summarized and proposed respectively. Important geological understandings in the exploration and development of shale gas of the Wufeng Formation–Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin can be summarized into the following aspects: depositional environment and depositional process control the distribution of organic-rich shale; high quality shale in "sweet spot segments" are commonly characterized by high content of organic carbon, high brittleness, high porosity and gas content; organic pores are important storage space for the enrichment of shale gas; preservation conditions are the key factor for the geological evaluation of shale gas in structurally complex regions; shale gas can be considered as "artificial gas reservoirs" and the fracability assessment is essential for high-production; nanoscale storage space and the mode of occurrence control the special seepage characteristics of shale gas. The following suggestions are proposed for the development of China's shale gas industry:(1) focus more on fundamental research to achieve new breakthrough in the geological theory of shale gas;(2) emphasize exploration practices to have all-round discoveries in multiple strata;(3) study the regularities of development and production to establish new models of shale gas development;(4) think creatively to invent new technologies to tackle key problems;(5) explore the management innovation to create new mechanisms in shale gas development.

Research on Integrated Planning Method of Offshore Oil and Gas Exploration and Development

Under the requirement of high-quality development, the research method of integrated model planning for offshore oil and gas exploration and development suitable for the western South China Sea is put forward. Based on the new round of resource evaluation and exploration and development research in the western South China Sea, the in-depth research on underground oil and gas resources, surface development facilities, external factors and economic indexes are carried out to clarify the industrial layout of oil and gas development. The potential and prospect of oil and gas exploration and development were implemented, and the main external factors and corresponding measures affecting the planning were clarified in this paper. The economic evaluation model suitable for the region is established based on the analysis of internal rate of return, comprehensive barrel oil cost, critical price, financial net present value and other important indicators, and a set of planning and research methods suitable for the integration of exploration and development in the western South China Sea is finally formed. This method has been applied to the replacement reserve study of Weizhou X and Weizhou Y oil fields. It is found that the planned reserves and production are consistent with the actual ones, and good practical results have been achieved.

Discussion on the Theoretical Guidance and Practical Exploration of the Integrated Development of Aesthetic Education and Moral Education in Colleges and Universities

Innovative integration is the development trend of education reform in recent years.Teachers can try to promote the high integration of aesthetic education and moral education from the establishment of music studios,and form a“three-in-one”education and education integration mechanism of classroom teaching,extracurricular activities,and campus culture construction,so as to inherit and innovate the outstanding Chinese traditional music culture and red music culture,and explore the necessity and feasibility of the complementary and integrated development between aesthetic education and moral education.Under the background that the country attaches great importance to inheriting and developing the excellent Chinese traditional culture,taking the integration of music education into college students’moral education as the starting point,exploring the effective ways of vocal music,instrumental music,opera,Chinese folk art,dance,rap and other artistic works to cultivate national builders and successors who have comprehensive development of moral,intellectual,physical,aesthetic,and labor will be definitely to improve the humanistic quality of university and college students,which promotes the Chinese excellent traditional music culture and red music culture,trains college music talents,etc.,and promotes the integration and development of large,medium and small aesthetic education and moral education.

Regional gravity survey and application in oil and gas exploration in China

Ground gravity survey for regional structure unit delineation and oil and gas exploration in China is addressed in this paper with examples. Gravity survey scales, coverage, technical regulations and achievements at the national level are introduced, including data processing and anomaly interpretation techniques. Bouguer anomalies of terrestrial territories of China and classification of anomalous feature zones are also described;they are well correlated with lithotectonical boundaries, fault zones, and unexposed igneous plutons. Recent study results of petroliferous sedimentary basins are presented as well, including concealed boundaries and major structures of large basins. It is concluded that gravity survey is the most effective and economic method in unveiling unexposed and deep-seated structures, targeting and delineating oil and gas-bearing sedimentary basins, and locating main trap structures within prolific basins in early stage of exploration in China. Suggestions for improving exploration of both conventional and unconventional oil and gas reservoirs in China are also given in the paper.

Chengdu Urban-Rural Integration Exploration and Lessons–Book Review of Coordinating Urban and Rural Development in China: Learning from Chengdu

Coordinating Urban and Rural Development in China:Learning from Chengdu Authors:Ye Yumin,Richard Le Gates Year:2013Publisher:Edward Elgar Publishing ISBN:9781781952023(424 pages,in English)Urban and rural integration,i.e.,how to deal with the issues of urban and rural disparities,urban and rural development,farmers,agriculture,migrant workers(or urban,industrial new immigrants),

INTEGRATION OF HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT

Human factors engineering and quality management are different research branches in the field of industrial engineering.A basis for interaction based on the concepts and techniques of human factors engineering and quality management with some practical examples of cooperative effect is defined in this paper.The specific challenges about the quality management in manufacturing and service are presented to demonstrate that the human factors analysis of quality problems leads to new tends for integrated development.

Integration system research and development for three-dimensional laser scanning information visualization in goaf

An integration processing system of three-dimensional laser scanning information visualization in goaf was developed. It is provided with multiple functions, such as laser scanning information management for goaf, cloud data de-noising optimization, construction, display and operation of three-dimensional model, model editing, profile generation, calculation of goaf volume and roof area, Boolean calculation among models and interaction with the third party soft ware. Concerning this system with a concise interface, plentiful data input/output interfaces, it is featured with high integration, simple and convenient operations of applications. According to practice, in addition to being well-adapted, this system is favorably reliable and stable.

A CORBA-Based Integration Platform of Product Development Process Management for Concurrent Engineering

Product development process management plays an important role in concurrent engineering (CE). The integration platform is a useful tool for effectively supporting the software development and integration. Based on the analysis of practical requirements for product development process management for CE, a CORBA-based integration platform of product development process management (IP-PDPM) is designed and developed. The design principles for IP-PDPM are described. The system architecture and functions of the platform are given, the key technologies for the implementation of IP-PDPM are presented, the application integration mechanism and its implementation techniques are also detailed.

Integrating Geology and Engineering for Viscous Oil Production Improvement—JX Oilfield, Bohai Bay, China

In this paper a case study is presented where refined 3D reservoir geology models, well pattern pilot test and Real-time GeoSteering tools have been integrated to optimize production performance of a viscous oil reserve. The viscous reserves were of high structural dip angle. In addition delta depositional system represented highly variable geomorphology, where stacked sandbodies and shale bedding are crossing each other frequently. In order to keep a higher production rate, using horizontal wells along with water injection was not enough;therefore, detailed reservoir characterization, well pattern pilot experiment and GeoSteering were used to optimize previous development strategy and keep horizontal trajectories safely landing into reservoir target zone. The stratigraphic sequence architecture that is derived from seismic interpretations captured the variation within these high dip structural backgrounds very effectively. The best combination of choices was “Injecting Water outside from OWC” and “Stair Shaped Horizontal Trajectories”. The borehole collision risks of these optimized strategies were then analyzed and controlled successfully by the GeoSteering tools during trajectory landing process. The reservoir development performance is improved tremendously as result of these renewed development strategies.

Advances and development trends in eco-friendly pavements

The major contemporary in road pavement engineering is related to the creation of green and sustainable infrastructures,e.g.,reduction of environmental impacts,increase in traffic safety,and transportation efficiency,etc.This review presents the recent trends in research and the technical solutions developed so far to address these challenges.After the analysis of research status in the past decades,a novel technology system of eco-friendly pavements is proposed considering two solutions,materials modification and structure improvement.The construction of an eco-friendly pavement can be achieved thanks to several different technologies ensuring permeable,noise-reducing,self-luminous,and exhaust-decomposing properties as well as apporting lower heat absorbing and enhanced anti-/de-icing characteristics.A systematic review of these technologies is presented pivoting on four main aspects:technical principle,material and structural composition,performance evaluation,and engineering application.The current trend in road engineering is combining the pavement infrastructure with various eco-friendly functions,e.g.,water permeability,noise reduction,low heat absorption,exhaust gas decomposition,and anti-/de-icing.Finally,the review lists the drawbacks of the existing technologies,including high cost,single function,etc.,and depicts the future developing direction and architecture of the next generation of eco-friendly pavements in which the road infrastructure should have more environmentally friendly functions than the existing technology.

An Overview of Concurrent Engineering Research and Its Industrial Implementation in Chinese Enterprises

Concurrent Engineering (CE) is an effective way for enterprises to reengineer the product development processes and to improve the product development abilities. In this paper, the existing status of product development in Chinese manufacturing industry is analyzed, and the requirements of manufacturing technology for them are investigated. An overview of our CE R&D work is introduced, including product modeling, DFA, DFM, QFD, PDM, and other enabling technologies. A case study of the CE pilot project is discussed. The industrial implementation and application in Chinese enterprises are summarized.

Integrated Product and Process Design Using a Reverse Engineering System

Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) and revers e engineering (RE) have changed drastically the concept of product re-design, pla nning and manufacture of components. However, the main problems currently facing the developers of reverse engineering system, is the time consuming digitis ation of 3D data and the conversion of large amounts of data into a concise and manageable format and linking it to a CAD/CAM system. Automated 3-D profile gen eration, measurements and inspection of manufactured component represents one of the important functions in reverse engineering and in the improvements in produ ct quality in rapid product developments. The paper presents a novel methodology for the development of a reverse enginee ring technique for use in the rapid product development in a CIM environment . The system developed provides integration, data capture and manipulation, dat a transfer between a CAD, CAM, Computer-aided inspection (CAI) and a 3-D profi le scanning system. An efficient scanning strategy has been developed for scann ing and surfaces data acquisition. The products were scanned using a laser scann ing system with a dedicated scan control card and the associated software packag es. A versatile rig was developed for the ease of data gathering of the profile scanning process. The surface data collected was then used to build a mathematic al surface model, which was then used to develop a virtual 3-D model of the pro duct. The resulting surface model provides the geometrical input to the subseque nt machining operation using either a CNC system or other manufacturing operatio n e.g. dies casting/mould casting etc. The prototypes developed were inspected u sing a state-of-the art CNC-CMM that was integrated to the CAD/CAM system. Si nce the scanning/digitised data captured by laser scanning probes requires no ma nual editing, significant time saving over most non-contact probe systems was a chieved. Since the creation of an accurate CAD model of a redesigned component o r a prototype constitute a major element of the total turnaround time; maximum r eturn can be achieved by increasing the efficiency of the redesigning process. T he paper also outlines with a case study the application of the developed system . The system developed offers the flexibility of using the concept of reverse en gineering of a variety of components with the complimentary facility of integrat ion between CAD/CAM Computer-aided Inspection (CAI) systems and a scanning syst em. The developed reverse engineering application in an integrated manufacturing system can increase the consistency, improve cost-efficiency, reduce produ ct turn around and skill levels required to redesign, reengineer and prototyping components and products.

新疆煤层气大规模高效勘探开发关键技术领域研究进展与突破方向

新疆煤层气资源量7.5万亿m^(3)(2000 m以浅),已施工煤层气井450口,年产气量达到0.8亿m^(3),新疆维吾尔自治区提出了2025年实现煤层气产量25亿m^(3)的目标,煤层气大规模高效开发成为紧迫的重大需求。从煤层气富集模式与选区技术、“甜点”预测探测技术、加速滚动开发与快速增储上产策略、地质适配性开发技术、煤层气与煤炭、油气协同开发技术5个关键技术领域,系统梳理了新疆煤层气勘探开发已取得的主要研究进展,分析提出了可能突破方向。研究表明:新疆煤储层具有多-厚煤层普遍、低阶煤发育、急倾斜煤层多见、煤体变形与构造控制显著、水文条件和露头条件复杂,和三“低”(含气量低、甲烷体积分数低、含气饱和度低)五“高”(高含气强度、高孔隙度、高地应力变化、高储层压力变化、高渗透率变化)的含气性及物性等煤层气地质独特性;煤层气成因与富集模式具有多样性,包括生物成因气、热成因气或生物-热复合成因及其相应富集模式,生物成因气藏或生物成因气贡献普遍;煤层气分布赋存规律呈现前陆盆地、山间盆地显著差异性;创新形成基于“两”分开(浅部与深部,低阶煤与中高阶煤)“两”结合(地质评价与工程评价,多元数据)的科学评价与基于“机器学习+三维地质建模”的精准选区技术是第1个突破方向。深部煤层气/煤系气“甜点”发育区域主要为盆内坳陷的凸起、盆内隆起的凹陷、盆缘斜坡,高产井位多为构造高点,发育层位为割理裂隙发育的原生结构煤层或孔裂隙发育的煤系砂砾岩储层;基于“地球物理+岩石物理+岩石力学地层新方法”和“地质甜点+工程甜点新理念”的深部煤层气/煤系气“甜点”预测探测技术是第2个突破方向。低风险、短周期、高效率、多批次工程部署是加速滚动开发的基本原则;中浅部煤层气快速增储上产技术策略是在优选新区块布井建井、对老区块煤层气井进行增产改造;深部煤层气快速增储上产技术策略是在大型盆地缓坡深部和盆内凸起“甜点”区优先部署开发;科学加速滚动开发与高效快速增储上产的工程部署方法与技术策略是第3个突破方向。在井网井型差异性优化部署、低储层伤害钻井固井、高可靠性录井测井试井、多井型高效分段压裂、低套压-控压排采管控等工程技术取得重要进展;发展构建新疆煤层气大规模高效勘探开发地质适配性技术体系是第4个突破方向。开展先采气后采煤、煤层气与煤共采、煤层气与原位富油煤共采,推动中浅部煤层气与煤炭协同勘探开发;开展煤系叠合型气藏开发、煤层气与煤系气共探共采、煤系全油气系统勘探开发,推动深部煤层气与油气协同勘探开发,已有关注和探索;煤层气与煤、油气共探共采是第5个突破方向。成果试图为新疆煤层气大规模高效勘探开发提供技术支持和工程决策参考。

医工交叉融合背景下工科课程教学实践的探索

医工交叉融合医学、工程与信息技术等多个领域的前沿知识和技术,解决临床医学中遇到的难题,是推动现代医学发展和创新的强大动力,也是符合当今时代发展特征的趋势。高等院校作为科技创新的源动力,在医工交叉时代背景下,发挥着重要的作用。为了顺应这一背景,对工科人才的培养提出了新的要求。相应地,专业课程的培养方案和授课模式亟须改进。针对医工交叉融合背景下的教学改革进行了初步分析,探讨了专业课培养方案的改进措施,并以具体课程为实例,分析了教学实践的实施。

湖北宜昌磷矿伴生稀土元素分布规律、赋存状态及其开发利用前景分析

【研究目的】湖北省宜昌磷矿中伴生有稀土元素,研究其分布规律及赋存状态,对稀土元素的回收利用具有重要意义,其作为伴生矿产的综合利用将成为未来稀土矿的重要来源。【研究方法】本文以含稀土磷块岩为主要研究对象,在系统取样的基础上,开展岩矿鉴定、全岩地球化学分析、XRD衍射分析、SEM观察、LA-ICP-MS测试等工作。【研究结果】磷块岩中稀土元素总量ΣREE+Y为63.5×10^(-6)~271.8×10^(-6),不同层位或不同岩性的磷块岩中稀土元素含量有所差异。【结论】稀土元素含量受岩性控制明显,由白云岩→白云质磷块岩→致密块状磷矿石→泥质条带磷块岩→泥岩,含量逐渐升高。微量元素反映出宜昌磷矿的古气候以干热为主,西北部略表现出温暖湿润特点;Ce异常、V/Ni和Y/Ho比值反映海水中EH条件从底部到顶部,即从Ph22成磷期到Ph13成磷期,形成水体环境逐渐氧化。宜昌磷矿中稀土元素总量整体较低,且泥岩较磷块岩中含量高,表明吸附态稀土较类质同象稀土含量高。宜昌伴生稀土磷矿资源丰富,利用合理的技术对稀土元素进行综合回收,对宜昌磷矿资源的合理利用和经济发展有重要意义。

国家示范工程陆相湖盆夹层型页岩油高效开发技术

鄂尔多斯盆地长7地层发育一套典型的内陆坳陷淡水湖盆页岩油,资源潜力巨大,随着开发的深入,油藏进入稳产阶段,配套的油藏稳产技术政策和管理手段相对缺乏,无法满足生产需求。针对庆城油田管理人员少的特点,通过数字化建设,实现了线上资料录取、管线泄漏监控、设备运行线上监控、异常工况报警等功能,形成了页岩油智能化管理模式;针对长7储层致密、非均质性强、开发难度大的特点,通过应用二氧化碳前置压裂、精准分段酸化等工艺以及实施单井、平台、油藏差异化管理,推动了地质工程一体化和差异化精细管理;针对长7页岩油单井产量高、气量大的特点,创新大平台布站模式,通过橇装化、集成化、数智化,探索“油气水综合利用、全系统资源共享、多功能高效集成、全过程智能管控”的页岩油大平台至联合站一级布站地面建设模式。通过上述技术的推广应用,庆城油田长7页岩油各项生产参数逐渐向好,页岩油水平井自然递减由16.6%下降至15.9%;地层供液能力充足,流饱比基本保持稳定(1.0~1.2);单井产量较2022年实现了大幅提升;完全成本降低至51.33美元/桶,已经实现规模效益开发。探索、攻关形成的高效开发关键技术,助推庆城页岩油实现规模效益开发,也对我国陆相页岩油规模效益开发起到了良好的引领示范作用。

西南油气田天然气与新能源深度融合的路径探索

中国石油西南油气田公司(以下简称西南油气田)正全力推进国家天然气(页岩气)千亿立方米级产能基地建设,面临绿色低碳转型发展和实现“双碳”目标的双重挑战,迫切需要推动天然气与新能源深度融合发展。为此,分析了融合发展的资源基础,梳理总结了过往融合发展的思路与探索历程,并明晰了当前面临的3方面挑战:内部资源禀赋差、外部资源获取难度大;新技术新装备不够成熟、经济效益偏差;新业务资源认识不系统、利用不充分。在此基础上,提出了天然气与新能源深度融合的路径思路:“区内有序、区外聚焦”发展风光地热业务;大力发展余压发电、伴生资源、CCUS、氢能等特色业务;探索发展地下空间利用和生物天然气等新赛道业务。最后,提出4方面建议:立足当前、着眼未来,统筹考虑经济性;考虑业务成长性及技术迭代需要,有序推进产业规模由小及大;培育市场竞争意识,深化合作交流,共同推动产业发展;创新机制,探索通过多种机制、模式助力产业发展。

智能化测绘背景下测绘工程专业本硕博一体化人才培养模式的探索与实践

智能化测绘背景下的测绘工程专业承担着对接国家战略需要、加速学科转型升级、培养行业拔尖创新人才的重要任务。面对当前测绘类人才培养内容重复、周期较长的问题,本文以中国矿业大学测绘工程专业本硕博一体化培养模式为例,从构建一体化的课程体系、一体化的培养机制、一体化的实践创新平台和一体化的学生支持体系4个方面,深入探讨了如何培养具有国际视野、公益精神、创新意识、实践能力的智能化测绘拔尖创新人才。

创新创业教育融入涉农高校机械设计制造及其自动化人才培养模式研究

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