NURBS CURVE INTERPOLATOR WITH ADAPTIVE ACCELERATION-DECELERATION CONTROL

The feedrate profile of non-uniform rational B-spline （NURBS） interpolation due to the contour errors is analyzed. A NURBS curve interpolator with adaptive acceleration-deceleration control is presented. In interpo- lation preprocessing, the sensitive zones of feedrate variations are processed with acceleration-deceleration control. By using the proposed algorithm, the machining accuracy is guaranteed and the feedrate is adaptively adjusted to he smoothed. The mechanical shock imposed in the servo system is avoided by the first and the second time derivatives of feedrates. A simulation of NURBS interpolation is given to demonstrate the validity and the effectiveness of the algorithm. The proposed interpolator can also be applied to the trajectory planning of the other parametric curves.

A Generalized Acceleration and Deceleration Approach for Continuous Small Line Blocks with Look-ahead

Generally complex 3D contours are divided into a lot of continuous small line blocks by CAD/CAM software. When these small line blocks are used in conventional way,machine tool has to stop at the end of one move before continuing on to the next to meet accuracy requirement,which results in inefficiency.Look-ahead is an intelligent function that aims at adjusting the feed rate automatically to achieve maximum productivity while maintaining accuracy.By now most researchers just utilize the simplest linear acceleration(ACC)and deceleration(DEC)to deal with look-ahead intelligence.A generalized ACC/DEC ap- proach and corresponding optimal look-ahead algorithm based on dynamic back tracking along a doubly linked list are proposed.An improved rounding strategy for reducing interpolation errors is also presented.By using the proposed techniques,arbitrary velocity profiles that offer look-ahead feature and have the desired ACC/DEC characteristics for movement of a lot of continuous line blocks can be generated efficiently.Both simulations and experiments showed the productivity was dramatically increased without sacri- fice of accuracy.

Research on cubic polynomial acceleration and deceleration control model for high speed NC machining

To satisfy the need of high speed NC (numerical control) machining, an acceleration and deceleration (acc/dec) control model is proposed, and the speed curve is also constructed by the cubic polynomial. The proposed control model provides continuity of acceleration, which avoids the intense vibration in high speed NC machining. Based on the discrete characteristic of the data sampling interpolation, the acc/dec control discrete mathematical model is also set up and the discrete expression of the theoretical deceleration length is obtained furthermore. Aiming at the question of hardly predetermining the deceleration point in acc/dec control before interpolation, the adaptive acc/dec control algorithm is deduced from the expressions of the theoretical deceleration length. The experimental result proves that the acc/dec control model has the characteristic of easy implementation, stable movement and low impact. The model has been applied in multi-axes high speed micro fabrication machining successfully.

Earth rotation deceleration/acceleration due to semidiurnal oceanic/atmospheric tides:Revisited with new calculation

The global oceanic/atmospheric tides exert decelerating/accelerating secular torques on the Earth rotation. We developed new formulations to accurately calculate amounts of two kinds of secular tidal torques. After Melchior, we found that an additional factor 1+k-l = 1.216, which has been formerly neglected, must be multiplied unto the tidal torque integral. By using our refined formulations and the recent oceanic/atmospheric global tide models, we found that:(i) semidiurnal oceanic lunar/solar tides exert decelerating torques of about-4.462 × 10^(16)/-0.676 × 10^(16) Nm respectively and(ii) atmospheric S_2 tide exerts accelerating torque of 1.55 × 10^(15) Nm. Former estimates of the atmospheric S_2 tidal torque were twice as large as our estimate due to improper consideration of loading effect. We took the load Love number for atmospheric loading effect from Guo et al.(2004). For atmospheric loading of spherical harmonic degree two, the value of k′=-0.6031 is different from that for ocean loading as k′ =-0.3052,while the latter is currently used for both cases-ocean/atmospheric loading-without distinction. We discuss(i) the amount of solid Earth tidal dissipation(which has been left most uncertain) and(ii) secular changes of the dynamical state of the Earth-Moon-Sun system. Our estimate of the solid Earth tidal torque is-4.94×10^(15) Nm.

Acceleration-Dependent Analysis of Vertical Ball Screw Feed System without Counterweight

The distinguishing feature of a vertical ball screw feed system without counterweight is that the spindle system weight directly acts on the kinematic joints.Research into the dynamic characteristics under acceleration and deceleration is an important step in improving the structural performance of vertical milling machines.The magnitude and direction of the inertial force change significantly when the spindle system accelerates and decelerates.Therefore,the kinematic joint contact stiffness changes under the action of the inertial force and the spindle system weight.Thus,the system transmission stiffness also varies and affects the dynamics.In this study,a variable-coefficient lumped parameter dynamic model that considers the changes in the spindle system weight and the magnitude and direction of the inertial force is established for a ball screw feed system without counterweight.In addition,a calculation method for the system stiffness is provided.Experiments on a vertical ball screw feed system under acceleration and deceleration with different accelerations are also performed to verify the proposed dynamic model.Finally,the influence of the spindle system position,the rated dynamic load of the screw-nut joint,and the screw tension force on the natural frequency of the vertical ball screw feed system under acceleration and deceleration are studied.The results show that the vertical ball screw feed system has obviously different variable dynamics under acceleration and deceleration.The influence of the rated dynamic load and the spindle system position on the natural frequency under acceleration and deceleration is much greater than that of the screw tension force.

Parameter Estimations of the TFR Model Under Exponential Distribution at a Normal Stress

The TFR（Tampered Failure Rate） model was proposed by Bhattacharyya and Soejoeti（1989） for step-stress accelerated life tests, On step-stress completely accelerated test occasions, the paper gives a method of estimating parameters under a normal stress.

Roll gap prediction in acceleration and deceleration process of cold rolling based on a data-driven method

Severe fluctuation of the effective roll gap in the acceleration and deceleration section of the cold rolling process is a significant factor causing thickness deviation.However,the conventional roll gap compensation method and control strategy do not meet the stringent strip quality requirements.The roll gap model in the acceleration and deceleration process is studied to increase the thickness control precision.In order to improve model accuracy,a roll gap prediction method based on data-driven is proposed.Given the complexities of the cold rolling process,the extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)method is used to predict the roll gap model as the rolling speed changes.Meanwhile,support vector regression and neural network-based methods are taken to evaluate and compare the prediction performances.Based on the field data,the simulation experiments are carried out.It demonstrated that the prediction performance of the proposed method outperformed the other two methods.The values of root mean square error,determination coefficient value,mean absolute percentage error and mean absolute error obtained from the XGBoost model were equal to 0.000346,0.952,7.02,and 0.00028,respectively.In addition,the proposed method analyzed the contribution rates of the rolling affecting parameters on the roll gap.The data showed that in the controllable rolling parameters,the rolling speed is the most impacting factor that disturbs the roll gap model in the acceleration and deceleration process,which can provide a useful direction for actual roll gap adjustment.

The Accelerated Expansion of the Universe

We use experimental data from Distant Type 1a Supernovae to calculate the Observed Magnitude (m - M) which is the Apparent Magnitude (m) minus the Absolute Magnitude (M) for different values of the Redshift z which gives us the Distance Modulus. Then, we calculate the average velocity and average acceleration for different z values and plot them as a function of time. The expansion of the space of our 3-D Universe is exponential and it will end with a Big Bang as four 3-D Universes of which we are one will come together to form one 4-D expanding spatial Universe.

基于改进三角函数加减速的一步拐角过渡法

加减速控制是数控系统的关键技术之一,影响着零件加工时的高效性和平稳性,同时由于传统数控系统在加工复杂的曲线曲面时,需要生成的大量连续微线段,这不仅增加了数控系统的负担,且在拐角处仅G0连续,导致在拐角处频繁加减速和机床振动,降低零件加工效率和加工质量.两步法拐角过渡是先进行轨迹光顺再进行速度规划,不仅步骤繁琐,而且降低了加工效率.因此,针对传统三角函数中最大加加速度只存在峰值导致加工效率降低的问题,本文先对加减速连续性较好的传统三角函数加减速控制算法进行改进,以sin^(2)x作为加加速度的基函数建立加减速规划的模型,并在其运动模型中增加匀加加速度加减速阶段.针对数控加工中连续微线段拐角处加工效率低、插补轨迹连续性低的问题,提出了新的一步法拐角过渡方法.该方法是通过一步法拐角过渡算法在速度规划阶段直接完成轨迹光顺.最后根据轮廓误差和机床各轴动态性能的限制对过渡时间、速度、加速度及加加速度进行约束.实验证明,提出的方法能够进一步提高加工中的加减速柔性,能够利用最大加加速度持续加减速,且在保证加工效率的基础上提高伺服控制的跟随精度,使得误差检测的精度能够满足要求.

一种基于函数逼近的柔性加减速算法研究

嵌入式数控系统优点诸多,但系统资源、处理能力有限。三角函数加减速算法拥有柔性冲击小、精度高的优点,但其计算复杂,当运用在嵌入式数控系统时,难以满足系统的高实时性要求。针对这个问题,提出一种加减速算法,基于最佳平方逼近方法,利用多项式函数逼近三角函数,进而推理、构建出完整的加减速方程,随后分析算法在不同情况下的速度规划。最终对该算法进行了仿真分析并在以MCU为控制器的数控平台进行了实验,结果表明:算法在保留三角函数曲线柔性的同时降低了计算复杂度,提高了加工效率。

基于集料力学特征与级配分形的沥青混合料抗滑衰变预测

以粗集料的力学指标、分形维数以及BPN作为研究对象进行数据采集,基于前馈神经网络算法与支持向量机算法,提出了一种新型路面抗滑性能预测模型.采用加速加载试验,记录沥青混合料在轮载作用下表面抗滑性能的衰减过程,并利用指数模型对轮载次数与BPN的数值关系进行拟合.通过灰色关联度分析和相关性分析,评估各项因素对沥青路面抗滑性的影响程度.基于主成分分析结果,设计了6种方案,用于前馈神经网络算法和支持向量机算法的训练、验证和测试.结果表明,不同类型集料呈现出不同的抗滑性能,石英砂岩最佳,玄武岩次之,石灰岩较差.磨光值与沥青抗滑性能衰减模型的关联性最高.前馈神经网络算法构建的模型表现更为稳定,R 2值约为0.8,展现出良好的预测能力.

基于STM32的步进电机加减速轨迹规划算法

针对传统步进电机开环控制下加减速过程中柔性冲击大、失步和过冲等问题,结合STM32单片机提出了一种离散化的、带有电流调节的S曲线加减速控制算法。首先,通过多项式算法构建连续光滑的S曲线,根据矩频特性拟合转速和转矩的关系,联立转速和功率的关系,推导出电流计算方法;然后,对连续的S曲线进行等时间间隔采样,完成对S曲线的离散化;最后,在Keil平台进行算法代码编写,将编译后的工程文件下载到STM32中,通过步进电机的速度和位置跟踪实验验证了算法的有效性。

高质量加工五次多项式速度规划算法研究

通过分析直线、指数、S曲线以及正弦函数几种常用的加减速算法,针对传统的速度规划算法存在的加工曲线不连续以及加工过程出现振荡、加工精度低等问题,提出适用于高质量加工的五次多项式速度规划算法,将整个加工过程分段,细化每一段的方程,并介绍对于待定的NURBS曲线使用五次多项式速度规划算法进行插补的过程,针对快速插补和实时插补两个阶段进行优化。结尾根据仿真加工实验图像得出结论,该算法实现了加工过程中运动曲线的连续变化、柔性变化。并将加工精度控制在理想范围之内,适应于高质量的加工。

售货机升降系统S型速度控制策略

在传统三闭环控制方式下,售货机升降接货系统易因启停过程中加速度突变产生冲击,导致系统运行不平稳。针对这一问题,文中对传统升降系统加减速控制策略进行改进,加入前馈和微分负反馈,提出一种S型速度曲线控制算法。根据路径规划判别条件将S型速度曲线分为七段式、六段式和四段式3种,并给出各路径约束条件下的参数求解方法和具体执行流程。将该算法运用到升降控制系统中进行仿真和实际工况测试,实验结果表明,与传统三闭环控制相比,文中所提控制策略可以提高售货机升降系统运行的平稳性,减小冲击,使速度曲线更加柔和,并能够保持较好的跟踪性能。

减速绿洲与共鸣幻象:社会加速理论视阈下的“慢”游戏实践及其媒介批判

现代社会的不断加速产生普遍的时间焦虑和情感异化,人们开始倡导“慢生活”以缓解这些现代性症候。本文以“慢”游戏为考察对象,通过参与式观察和深度访谈,发现“慢”游戏通过重塑时空秩序感、满足玩家的社交需求、疗愈玩家的情感异化等方式构建加速社会的减速绿洲。但由于受到社会加速及资本逻辑的侵蚀,“慢”游戏不过是现代媒介建构的“乌托邦”幻境,很难实现与外部世界的真正共鸣。

基于混合驱动的分离罗拉运动轨迹规划研究

针对当前棉精梳机分离接合机构运动输出特性固定、振动大等问题,分析棉精梳机分离罗拉分离接合工艺,确定分离罗拉运动的位移关键点位置,根据差动轮系的运动规律提出交替驱动和分段驱动2种动力分配方案,并采用三次样条曲线作为交替驱动位移曲线、S型加减速曲线作为分段驱动位移曲线,通过对比分析得到最佳分离罗拉运动轨迹。指出:当设定棉纤维长度为30 mm时,2种驱动方案均能满足分离接合要求;采用混合驱动机构对分离罗拉高速正反转运动进行分解,实现伺服电机混合驱动分离罗拉,其运动性能更佳。

Optimum Constant-stress Plan for Accelerated Life Test with Censoring Ⅱ

In this paper, we obtain the optimum plan by discussing a constant-stress accelerated life test (ALT) satisfying the condition (3.3) at k stresses under an exponential distribution.

变循环发动机模式转换对加减速性能的影响

变循环发动机具有单外涵与双外涵两种工作模式,根据使用场景或发动机性能匹配需求可能在加减速过程中进行模式转换。为了评估模式转换对加减速性能的影响,建立了可在加减速过程中进行模式转换性能模拟的过渡态性能计算模型,对比分析了引入模式转换后的加减速特性。结果表明:模式转换控制规律对风扇工作线和发动机加速性有影响,设计时应使风扇工作线变化平稳,同时在保证发动机稳定工作的前提下缩短模式转换时间;模式转换可使减速过程中的风扇最小喘振裕度从2%提高至15%,从而消除风扇喘振裕度对减速供油规律的限制,进而改善发动机减速性能。

一种S型加减速组合的速度规划算法

针对传统NURBS曲线插补S型加减速的改进难以在加工柔性和加工效率上同时兼顾的问题,提出一种将多种S型加减速组合的速度规划算法。选取分别在加工柔性和加工效率上单独改进的两种S型加减速,并设计了一种兼顾柔性和效率的新改进S型加减速。在速度规划中,根据简化后的4种加减速形式,灵活组合这3种S型加减速,并采取合并曲线分段的速度平滑方式,减少了曲线段间的速度波动。仿真结果表明:该算法能在提高加工效率的同时满足加加速度的连续,最终实现加工柔性和加工效率的兼得。

核酸提取装置的移液精度优化设计研究

为了提高核酸提取装置的移液精度和稳定性,以基于空气置换原理、活塞驱动方式的移液模块作为研究对象,提出了一种基于正弦函数的S型加减速曲线算法,并将其与匀加减速、抛物线型加减速曲线算法进行了仿真对比和实验验证。结果表明:采用基于正弦函数的S型加减速曲线算法的核酸提取装置,在移液量为10μL、20μL、50μL、100μL和200μL的不同工作条件下,移液精度均取得了显著的提升,同时实验数据的CV值满足JJG 646-2006移液器检定规程。