Comprehensive evaluation and spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of urban resilience in Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle

To clarify the connotations and extensions of urban resilience,this study focuses on the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle with 16 cities as research subjects.A comprehensive evaluation index system was constructed to measure the resilience of each city from 2003 to 2020.The spatial-temporal evolution characteristics were analyzed using Kernel density estimation,standard deviation ellipse,and spatial Markov chain analysis,and the spatial Tobit model was introduced to discover the influencing factors.The results indicate the following:①Urban resilience in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle displays an upward trend,with the center of gravity moving to the southwest,and the polarization phenomenon intensifying.②The urban resilience level in a region has certain spatial and geographical dependence,while the probability of urban resilience transfer differs in adjacent cities with different resilience levels.③Urban centrality,economic scale,openness level,and financial development promote urban resilience,whereas government scale significantly inhibits it.Finally,this paper proposes countermeasures and suggestions to improve the urban resilience of the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle.

Unveiling the impact and mechanism of digital technology on agricultural economic resilience

Enhancing the economic resilience of agriculture is essential for promoting sustainable and high-quality agricultural development.The emergence of digital technology has created new opportunities in this field.However,existing research predominantly focuses on traditional agricultural factors and technologies.Therefore,the impact of digital technology on agricultural economic resilience within the broader context of the“production-operation-industry”system in agriculture has not been comprehensively explored.To bridge this gap,this study analyzes panel data from 30 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2020.It employs the static Van Dorn’s law and a dynamic spatial panel model to examine how digital technology empowers agricultural resilience.The findings indicate a continuous strengthening of digital technology development in China,albeit with significant polarization and spatial imbalances.Moreover,the resilience of the agricultural economy undergoes notable fluctuations,initially narrowing and subsequently displaying an upward trend.Digital technology clearly plays a pivotal role in empowering resilience through agricultural scale operation,industrial transformation,and technological progress.Its impact,particularly on the promotion of resilience in the eastern region and non-grain-producing areas and on high-level agricultural economies,also shows regional and technological variations.

Temporal and spatial responses of ecological resilience to climate change and human activities in the economic belt on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains, China

In the Anthropocene era,human activities have become increasingly complex and diversified.The natural ecosystems need higher ecological resilience to ensure regional sustainable development due to rapid urbanization and industrialization as well as other intensified human activities,especially in arid and semi-arid areas.In the study,we chose the economic belt on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains(EBNSTM)in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China as a case study.By collecting geographic data and statistical data from 2010 and 2020,we constructed an ecological resilience assessment model based on the ecosystem habitat quality(EHQ),ecosystem landscape stability(ELS),and ecosystem service value(ESV).Further,we analyzed the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of ecological resilience in the EBNSTM from 2010 to 2020 by spatial autocorrelation analysis,and explored its responses to climate change and human activities using the geographically weighted regression(GWR)model.The results showed that the ecological resilience of the EBNSTM was at a low level and increased from 0.2732 to 0.2773 during 2010–2020.The spatial autocorrelation analysis of ecological resilience exhibited a spatial heterogeneity characteristic of"high in the western region and low in the eastern region",and the spatial clustering trend was enhanced during the study period.Desert,Gobi and rapidly urbanized areas showed low level of ecological resilience,and oasis and mountain areas exhibited high level of ecological resilience.Climate factors had an important impact on ecological resilience.Specifically,average annual temperature and annual precipitation were the key climate factors that improved ecological resilience,while average annual evapotranspiration was the main factor that blocked ecological resilience.Among the human activity factors,the distance from the main road showed a negative correlation with ecological resilience.Both night light index and PM2.5 concentration were negatively correlated with ecological resilience in the areas with better ecological conditions,whereas in the areas with poorer ecological conditions,the correlations were positive.The research findings could provide a scientific reference for protecting the ecological environment and promoting the harmony and stability of the human-land relationship in arid and semi-arid areas.

The Evolution of Regional Economic Resilience in the Old Industrial Bases in China: A Case Study of Liaoning Province, China

The economic transformation of the old industrial bases is a key research topic among geographers in China.In this paper,we propose that the concept of regional economic resilience(RER)has unique theoretical value in analyzing the economic transformation of the old industrial bases.We constructed an analytical framework and an index system and applied the conceptual tools to study the evolution of RER in the old industrial base of Liaoning Province in China,which is currently subjected to not only sudden shocks but‘slow burn’—longer term processes of change that may nevertheless affect the regional economy.There are four main findings:first,the evolution of RER in Liaoning can be divided into four stages from 2000 to 2015.Liaoning is currently in its conservation-release period,and the next stage will be a release-reorganization period.Second,the RER of the majority of the studied cities is lower than the average value for Liaoning,and this is mainly attributed to the relatively weak vulnerability-resistance and adaptability-transformation capacity of these cities.Third,the RER levels of the 14 cities in Liaoning differ significantly.At the first level is Shenyang and Dalian,at the second level is Dandong and Yingkou,and the third level comprises the remaining cities.Fourth,regional economic resilience is mainly determined by vulnerability-resistance,which indirectly reflects Liaoning’s lack of adaptability-transformation capacity,and the ability of the region to renew or create a new development path is weak.

Conceptualizing and Measuring Economic Resilience of Resource-based Cities： Case Study of Northeast China

This paper develops a conceptual model and an indicator system for measuring economic resilience of resource-based cities based on the theory of evolutionary resilience and the related concepts of persistence, adaptation, and transformation. Nineteen resource-based cities in Northeast China were analyzed using the indicator system. The results showed that Liaoning and Jilin provinces had higher economic resilience than Heilongjiang Province. Panjin, Benxi, and Anshan in Liaoning Province were the top three cities, while Shuangyashan and other coal-based cities in Heilongjiang Province ranked last. Metals-and petroleum-based cities had significantly higher resilience than coal-based cities. The differences in persistence, adaptability, transformation, and resilience among resource-based cities decreased since the introduction of the Northeast Revitalization Strategy in 2003. Forestry-based cities improved the most in terms of resilience, followed by metals-based and multiple-resource cities; however, resilience dropped for coal-based cities, and petroleum-based cities falling the most. The findings illustrate the importance and the way to develop a differentiated approach to improve resilience among resource-based cities.

Spatio-temporal evolution and factor explanatory power analysis of urban resilience in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

Urban resilience assesses a city’s ability to withstand unknown risks.Scholars are not comprehensive in assessing urban resilience,and they lack consideration of population resilience.This study investigated 110 prefecturelevel cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)as study areas.We calculated the YREB’s level of urban resilience based on the aspects of“economy-society-population-ecology-infrastructure”,which ensured that the comprehensive evaluation of urban resilience is complete and sufficient.The spatio-temporal evolution of urban resilience was analyzed using exploratory spatial data.Geodetectors were used to investigate the impact of several indicators,focusing on economic,social,population,ecological,and infrastructure factors,on urban resilience.The results showed that the urban resilience of the YREB has maintained a slow upward trend from 2005 to 2018,and the average urban resilience of the YREB has risen from 0.2442 to 0.2560.The resilience gap between cities in the study region increased initially and then decreased.The dominant factor in the spatial differentiation of urban resilience was the economic factors,followed by the population factors.Urban resilience has been clarified and an evaluation index system is constructed,which can provide an effective reference for the evaluation of urban resilience among countries around the world.Based on this,factors that optimize urban resilience are configured,and the regional and national sustainable development can be promoted.

Stress, Executive Function, Resilience and Quality of Life in Portuguese Subjects in Situations of Economic Insufficiency and Unemployment

The aim of this study is the investigation of the impact of stress of Portuguese subjects in situations of economic insufficiency and unemployment on executive function and quality of life and the coping strategies and resilience skills used. The sample consists of 41 participants. The psychometric instruments used are validated for Portuguese population, measure (perceived) stress, coping, material deprivation, resilience and quality of life, defined by World Health Organization. Executive function has been evaluated through performances at Stroop and Berg tasks. It has been concluded that, in this population, resilience skills and active coping strategies are positively correlated with quality of life. Quality of life is negatively correlated with material deprivation. Active coping strategies are supported by adequate executive function, which neurobiological substrate is dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex. Not active coping strategies correlate negatively with cognitive flexibility, suggesting the presence of a deficit at infero-lateral prefrontal cortex.

Green development and economic resilience:Evidence from Chinese resource-based cities

Resource-based cities are currently facing challenges due to ecological pollution and an unbalanced industrial structure,which hinders sustainable economic growth.The focus on green development as a strategy for economic growth and environmental protection is becoming increasingly popular.This study employs a spatial econometric model to explore the effect of green development on economic resilience in Chinese resource-based cities from 2011 to 2019,revealing a positive correlation between green development and economic resilience.For each 1 unit increase in green development,economic resilience increases by an average of 0.512 units.Furthermore,the analysis of heterogeneity reveals differences in the factors influencing various resource-based cities.In addition,provincial green policies bolster economic resilience by encouraging green development.This research aids in comprehending the balance between the economy and the environment.

Theoretical Mechanisms and Suggestions for Fostering the Economic Resilience of Chinese Cities from the Perspective of Urban Social Networks

Uncertainties are becoming more and more diverse around the world,and risks and impacts affecting the healthy development of cities are increasing.Fostering urban social resilience is not only a proactive countermeasure to growing external pressures and potential impacts,but also an important starting point for growth.This article analyzes the impact mechanisms of three important types of urban social networks-degree centrality(DC),closeness centrality(CC),and betweenness centrality(BC)-between residents,and organizations on the economic resilience of cities from the perspective of social networks.It summarizes the challenges faced in enhancing economic resilience under the social network perspective,including unbalanced resource allocation,sparse social contact networks,weak social bottom lines,lack of social trust,and insufficient innovation capabilities.On this basis,this article makes suggestions such as strengthening the construction of social networks,promoting urban economic restructuring to enhance the adaptability and innovation capabilities of cities,fostering diverse urban social networks,optimizing information dissemination mechanisms,strengthening the construction of urban social credit systems,and improving the social security system in order to fostering the resilience of through the perspective of social networks.

Analyzing Industrial Structure Evolution of Old Industrial Cities Using Evolutionary Resilience Theory：A Case Study in Shenyang of China

The recession and revitalization of old industrial cities concerns urban industrial evolution and its characteristics. Based on the theory of evolutionary resilience, we developed an analytical framework for the industrial structure evolution of old industrial cities, and applied the framework to a case study in Shenyang. The following conclusions are drawn. First, since 1978, Shenyang's industrial growth capacity has shown fluctuation between ‘contraction-expansion'. As the secondary industry has a much stronger expansionary and contractionary capacity for growth, this results in lacking stability leading to industrial structure transformation. Second, since 1999, the orientation towards a high-end manufacturing industry in Shenyang has weakened, and the evolution of the new and old growth path is characterized by low-end orientation. Third, since 2007, Shenyang's industrial innovation output capacity has dropped sharply which has been significantly affected by scientific and technological personnel and enterprise-owed science and technology institutions and to a less extent by R&D expenditure. We applied the resilience theory to study the industrial evolution of an old industrial city, explored new study perspectives on industrial evolution and verified the applicability of the resilience theory. This paper provides a scientific reference for understanding the recent deceleration in economic growth in the Northeast old industrial base, and for exploring new paths toward revitalization.

Mental and Cardiovascular Health of Portuguese Subjects in a Situation of Economic Insufficiency

Economic insufficiency causes stress and negative affects. Poverty is self-perpetuated, also due to a particular pattern of economic behaviors induced by negative affects and stress. Often, loneliness occurs together with economic insufficiency. For this study, it has been selected a sample of convenience. A positive correlation between anxiety/depression and negative affects is presented. Dispositional optimism and social support, factors which contribute to health, serve as buffers, in negative correlation, of the negative impact of negative affects, due to financial restraint, on health. Financial management is negatively correlated with the lack of cardiovascular health, and cardiovascular dysfunction correlates positively with loneliness, in this study. Positive affects correlate positively with resilience skills, which correlate negatively with depression. Within this context, psychobiological therapeutic interventions and psychotherapy, which also target psychological dysfunction related to economic behavior of persons in a situation of poverty, would be beneficial.

Analysis on Economic Resilience of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area:A Perspective from the Economic Connection Network

In the face of an increasingly complex and unstable external development environment,enhancing economic resilience has become a key task in the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.This paper analyzes the changes in the economic resilience of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and its constituent cities after the 2008 global financial crisis by virtue of the regional economic resilience assessment method proposed by Martin et al.It constructs an economic connection network for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area using the data from corporate headquarters and branches of A-share listed companies to analyze its impact on the economic resilience of the Area.The study reveals the three following conclusions.Firstly,the economic resilience of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area generally outperforms the national average level,seeing a rapid boost over the recent years and exceeding the level witnessed during the 2008 financial crisis.However,there are marked disparities in the economic resilience ofvarious cities within the Greater Bay Area,with Shenzhen,Guangzhou,and Dongguan emerging as the most robust in this regard.Secondly,the economic connection network has a positive impact on the economic resilience of the cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.Specifically,there is a positive correlation between a city's economic resilience and its centrality in the economic connectionnetwork.Suchcentrality exerts a positive spillover effect on the economic resilience of surrounding cities.Thirdly,from the perspective of industryspecific networks,circulation and service industry networks are more conducive to improving the economic resilience of a city.Given the significant role of the economic connection network in shaping regional and urban economic resilience,it is imperative for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area to prioritize ensuring economic development security and enhancing economic resilience,promote the development of the economic connection network,and enhance the network centrality of its constituent cities.This can improve the economic resilience of itselfand its constituentcities inaneffective manner.

新发展阶段中国经济发展的韧性:评价、影响因素及其维护策略

经济发展韧性是长期发展视角下经济体适应变革、持续演进和稳定发展的素质和潜力的综合体现。基于对经济发展韧性内涵的理论阐释,从基础韧性、规模韧性、结构韧性、创新韧性和制度韧性5个方面确立经济发展韧性评价维度,测算2000—2021年的中国经济发展韧性指数及各分项维度指数,并进一步分析中国经济发展韧性的空间差异。研究结果表明,中国经济发展韧性在时间维度上呈现出稳步提升的演化趋势,在空间维度上不同地区间和各个地区内的经济发展韧性差异呈现出先扩大后缩小的基本特征。结合中国经济发展韧性的影响因素和演化趋势,提出新发展阶段中国经济发展韧性的维护策略。

人口集聚对城市经济韧性的影响研究

伴随城乡二元结构的逐渐打破,人口自由流动产生的人口集聚成为影响城市经济韧性的重要因素。选取2012—2022年中国城市数据,在厘清人口集聚与城市经济韧性之间内在逻辑关系的基础上,实证检验二者间的因果关系及其存在的空间效应。研究结果表明:人口集聚对城市经济韧性具有显著的正向提升作用;人口集聚可以通过人力资本升级和产业多样化来间接提升城市经济韧性;不同地区的人口集聚对城市经济韧性的影响呈现出显著的区域异质性;人口集聚对城市经济韧性的影响具有空间外溢性,能够间接提升邻近城市的经济韧性。

高等教育集群化发展与经济韧性:机制、途径及贡献

随着全球进入新的动荡期,经济韧性发展愈发重要。基于2008—2020年31省面板数据,从高等教育质量集聚和规模集聚角度出发,研究评价了我国高等教育集群化发展情况。在此基础上,实证研究了高等教育集群化水平对经济韧性改善的影响。研究发现,高等教育集群化与经济韧性显著正相关;东、中、西部三大地区高等教育集群化发展对经济韧性的影响存在明显差异;高等教育集群通过人才效应、创新效应和产业效应等途径影响经济韧性发展,其中,人才效应贡献最大。研究有助于厘清高等教育集群对经济韧性影响的机制和途径,因地制宜地实施高等教育集群化发展政策,充分发挥高等教育集群在人才、科技和产业等方面的经济韧性提升效应。

中国省域经济韧性与生态效率测度及其协同演化分析

统筹经济韧性与生态效率间的动态平衡关系是实现区域可持续发展的重要抓手。以中国30个省份为研究对象,采用组合权重模型、全局非期望超效率SBM模型分别测度国内省级区域适应性循环理论与驱动-压力-状态-响应(DPSR)模型分析框架下的经济韧性、投入产出理论下的生态效率,并通过改进的哈肯模型刻画经济韧性与生态效率间的协同演化特征。结果表明:(1)经济韧性能力在样本观测期内显著上升,区域差异明显扩张,南北区域发展不平衡,存在一定的“东-中-东北-西”阶梯效应。(2)生态效率水平总体呈下降的趋势,区域差异历经“扩张-缩小-再扩张”变化,存在显著性阶梯失衡现象,空间呈“沿海-内陆”递减分布。(3)经济韧性与生态效率的协同演化历经稳定、下降及稳定三阶段,区域间基本不存在阶梯性失衡现象,经济韧性作为协同演化的序参量,主导区域可持续发展。

我国县域经济韧性的实践检验

县域是连接乡村与城市的重要纽带,是拉动城乡要素双向流动的中转站。通过测度2014—2020年我国2 074个县以及296个城市的经济韧性发现,城市经济韧性整体高于县域经济,当受到外部冲击后,县域经济韧性逆势上升;在产业方面,第三产业韧性高于第二产业,受到外部冲击后,第一产业韧性逆势上升,第二产业韧性波动较小,第三产业韧性下降明显;在区域方面,中西部地区的县域经济韧性较强,东部地区的城市经济韧性较强。此外,通过双向固定效应模型回归发现,经济增长和经济稳定对经济韧性均有显著的边际贡献,经济增长提高经济发展活力,经济稳定为降低韧性波动提供有益支撑。2020年受新冠疫情冲击,县域的经济增长对韧性的边际贡献有所下降,经济稳定对韧性的边际贡献显著提升;对县域而言,第三产业、东部地区、外围城市的经济增长显著,第一产业、第二产业、中西部地区的经济稳定显著。为实现县域经济韧性对我国经济的带动作用,要充分发展壮大县域经济,提高县域经济韧性,破解发展不平衡不充分的问题;要注重经济韧性的产业和区域差异,协调产业间及区域间经济发展协作关系;既要充分发挥增长对经济的带动作用,也要发挥经济稳定对降低经济波动作用,实现经济增长和经济稳定的平衡统一,促进经济高质量发展。

突发公共卫生事件对区域经济韧性的影响机制与应对:来自中国新冠病毒感染疫情的证据

产业结构服务业化会对区域经济抵抗力产生不利影响,但可以提升区域经济恢复力。产业多样化有利于提升区域经济的抵抗力和恢复力,而专业化则容易产生相反的结果。突发公共卫生事件对区域经济韧性的影响首先表现在对服务业冲击上,并随时间发展传导至制造业,韧性的恢复也是首先由服务业开始的。由此,提出相关政策建议。

区域旅游产业集聚对旅游经济韧性的影响及其空间效应研究——以长江经济带为例

科学洞悉区域旅游集聚对旅游经济韧性的影响及其空间效应,对提升区域旅游经济韧性和实现旅游经济高质量发展意义重大。文章构建区域旅游产业集聚影响旅游经济韧性的机理框架,以长江经济带11省市为案例地,采用区位熵和熵值法得到长江经济带旅游产业集聚度和旅游经济韧性水平,借助面板空间杜宾模型揭示出区域旅游产业集聚对旅游经济韧性的影响及其空间效应。结果表明:(1)研究期内,长江经济带旅游经济韧性水平整体呈上升趋势,且东部地区大于中西部地区,但存在明显的省际差异。长江经济带东部地区旅游经济韧性水平大于中西部,而中西部地区的旅游经济韧性水平增长率大于东部。(2)长江经济带省市旅游产业集聚水平整体上升,受旅游业在当地经济中的地位影响,呈现出西部高于中部,高于东部的格局。(3)区域旅游产业集聚对旅游经济韧性产生明显的正向空间效应,即区域旅游产业集聚不仅可以提升本省旅游经济韧性水平,并且可以产生显著的空间溢出效应来提升省周边区域的旅游经济韧性水平。

财政分权对城市贸易经济韧性的影响及空间溢出效应研究

在中国经济迈入高质量发展的新阶段,面对复杂多变的外部环境,增强城市贸易经济韧性显得尤为重要。基于2006—2019年中国283个地级及以上城市面板数据,采用面板回归模型、中介效应检验方法及空间杜宾模型,探究财政分权对城市贸易经济韧性的影响及其内在机制。研究发现:财政分权能够显著增强城市贸易经济韧性,科技创新在其中起到了部分中介作用,上述结论经过稳健性检验后依然成立。空间杜宾效应分析表明,财政分权可通过空间溢出效应作用于邻近城市贸易经济韧性。进一步的异质性分析发现,财政分权对城市贸易经济韧性的促进作用存在区位和贸易经济韧性水平差异,在中西部地区及贸易经济韧性水平较低的城市中其作用效果越强。