Assessment of the effect of aflatoxin standard of the EU trading partners on bilateral trade values of sub-Saharan African countries primary cocoa export to EU trading partners and sub-Saharan African countries proces...Assessment of the effect of aflatoxin standard of the EU trading partners on bilateral trade values of sub-Saharan African countries primary cocoa export to EU trading partners and sub-Saharan African countries processed cocoa export to EU trading partners from 2001 to 2010 was conducted.The bilateral trade values of sub-Saharan African countries primary cocoa export and processed cocoa export to EU trading partners from 2001 to 2010 was obtained from COMTRADE 2012.Gravity models were utilized to capture the bilateral trade values data for sub-Saharan African countries primary cocoa export and processed cocoa export to EU trading partners from 2001 to 2010 for 11 sub-Saharan African countries primary cocoa and processed cocoa exporters and their nine EU trading partners.The gravity models were estimated utilizing the Tobit model.A comparative analysis of the effect of aflatoxin standards on the bilateral trade values of sub-Saharan African primary cocoa export and processed cocoa exports to EU trading partners was conducted by utilizing descriptive analysis for analyzing the coefficients of aflatoxin standard for primary cocoa export and processed cocoa exports.The result showed that the coefficient of the aflatoxin standard for sub-Saharan African countries primary cocoa export to EU trading partners was 0.9 and the coefficients of aflatoxin standard for the gravity model for sub-Saharan African countries processed cocoa export to the EU trading partners were cocoa butter 0.2057 and cocoa powder 0.666.This implied that,aflatoxin standard of the EU trading partners export market had a lesser market access restriction effect on sub-Saharan African countries processed cocoa exports than that of sub-Saharan African primary cocoa export and that the aflatoxin standard of the EU trading partners export market had a lesser market access restriction effect on sub-Saharan African cocoa butter exports than that of sub-Saharan African countries cocoa powder export in the given period.展开更多
This paper covers the positive features of a simulation and provides the outline of the OPEC （The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries） Conference Simulation that was held with the 3rd-year students of ...This paper covers the positive features of a simulation and provides the outline of the OPEC （The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries） Conference Simulation that was held with the 3rd-year students of the Department of World Economy and International Relations of National Research University ＂Higher School of Economics＂. The paper describes the three stages of the simulation at length. The purpose of the simulation was to give students an opportunity to see the market forces at work with the concrete example and to give them hands-on experience in negotiating and decision-making. After the simulation students completed a survey, the results of which were quantitatively analyzed and are described in the paper. Face-to-face interviews with the students were also conducted and the findings are available below. The students learnt their strengths and weaknesses when performing in public, they were able to use their theoretical knowledge in practice and that helped them to understand it better.展开更多
文摘Assessment of the effect of aflatoxin standard of the EU trading partners on bilateral trade values of sub-Saharan African countries primary cocoa export to EU trading partners and sub-Saharan African countries processed cocoa export to EU trading partners from 2001 to 2010 was conducted.The bilateral trade values of sub-Saharan African countries primary cocoa export and processed cocoa export to EU trading partners from 2001 to 2010 was obtained from COMTRADE 2012.Gravity models were utilized to capture the bilateral trade values data for sub-Saharan African countries primary cocoa export and processed cocoa export to EU trading partners from 2001 to 2010 for 11 sub-Saharan African countries primary cocoa and processed cocoa exporters and their nine EU trading partners.The gravity models were estimated utilizing the Tobit model.A comparative analysis of the effect of aflatoxin standards on the bilateral trade values of sub-Saharan African primary cocoa export and processed cocoa exports to EU trading partners was conducted by utilizing descriptive analysis for analyzing the coefficients of aflatoxin standard for primary cocoa export and processed cocoa exports.The result showed that the coefficient of the aflatoxin standard for sub-Saharan African countries primary cocoa export to EU trading partners was 0.9 and the coefficients of aflatoxin standard for the gravity model for sub-Saharan African countries processed cocoa export to the EU trading partners were cocoa butter 0.2057 and cocoa powder 0.666.This implied that,aflatoxin standard of the EU trading partners export market had a lesser market access restriction effect on sub-Saharan African countries processed cocoa exports than that of sub-Saharan African primary cocoa export and that the aflatoxin standard of the EU trading partners export market had a lesser market access restriction effect on sub-Saharan African cocoa butter exports than that of sub-Saharan African countries cocoa powder export in the given period.
文摘This paper covers the positive features of a simulation and provides the outline of the OPEC （The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries） Conference Simulation that was held with the 3rd-year students of the Department of World Economy and International Relations of National Research University ＂Higher School of Economics＂. The paper describes the three stages of the simulation at length. The purpose of the simulation was to give students an opportunity to see the market forces at work with the concrete example and to give them hands-on experience in negotiating and decision-making. After the simulation students completed a survey, the results of which were quantitatively analyzed and are described in the paper. Face-to-face interviews with the students were also conducted and the findings are available below. The students learnt their strengths and weaknesses when performing in public, they were able to use their theoretical knowledge in practice and that helped them to understand it better.
