Long-Term Continuous Light Exposure Affects Body Weight and Blood Glucose Associated with Inflammation in Female Rats

Studies have indicated that night lights interfere with the circadian rhythm in the human body and threaten human health. Our previous studies indicated that continuous light exposure severely damages the reproductive endocrine system of female rats resembles polycystic ovary syndrome in women. In this study, we used the continuous measurement method to observe changes in the basal physiological indicators of female rats in an abnormal light exposure environment. Our study results indicated that in female rats: 1) the body temperature first continuously and gradually increased followed by a gradually decrease;2) the increase in body weight slowed down at the late stage of the experimental process;3) the random blood glucose level increased, and the fasting serum insulin level decreased;and 4) the serum C-reactive protein level increased. Our study investigated for the first time the correlation between the duration of continuous light exposure in female rats and the continuously measured basal physiological indicators and preliminarily discussed the effect of continuous light exposure on female basal metabolism and the possible inflammation mechanism. We propose that long-term continuous exposure to night lights in females severely damages their immune and metabolic systems.

Occupational exposures to blood and body fluids (BBF): Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice among health care workers in general hospitals in Lebanon

Healthcare workers (HCWs) who are employed in traditional health care workplaces face a serious danger that may threaten their life;it is their exposure to blood and body fluids (BBF). In Lebanon, the introduction of a hospital accreditation system has put a particular emphasis on staff safety, and on the evaluation of professional practice (EPP) programs. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted amongst 277 HCWs working in 4 general hospitals in South Lebanon. Objective: 1) describe the prevalence and the risk factors for occupational exposure to BBF among HCWs;2) evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practices of HCW concerning blood-borne pathogens and adherence to universal safety precautions. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 32.14 years (SD = 10.33), 57.4% were females. 43.3% of HCWs expressed that they use gloves all the time for every activeity of care. 67.1% were aware that needles should not be recapped after use;registered nurses and nursing students were more aware than physicians and nursing assistants (nurse) in this subject. 30% of HCWs declared having had at least one occupational exposure to BBF;62.7% of all accidental exposure was reported to the department responsible for managing exposures. Percutaneous injuries were the most frequently reported. Vaccination coverage was 88.4% for hepatitis B, and 48.4% against influenza. The source patient was tested in 43.4% of reported BBF exposures. Accidental exposure to BBF was more frequent in older people (OR = 3.42;p = 0.03) and the more experienced. Subjects working in intensive care unit ward reported more exposure to BBF (OR = 3;p = 0.04). Participants incurring exposure to BBF resorted to different measures after the injury suggesting a lack of a uniform policy for post-exposure prophylaxis. Conclusion: Exposure to BBF represents an important and frequently preventable occupational hazard for HCWs in Lebanon that requires continuous EPP of HCWs, and a comprehensive approach for prevention and management.

BODY SURFACE EXPOSURE DISTRIBUTION OF EXAMINEES RECEIVED UPPER G．I．T．X－RAY EXAMINATION

A special cloth for keeping LiF(Mg,Cu,P)TL dosimetry elements is worn by examinees. The exposures of 128 examinees .received upper G.I.T (gastro-intestinal tram) X-ray examination are measured. The reference point of the maximum body surface exposure given is at the middle of stomach. The average of this point is (4.97±1.94) × 10-4C.kg-1 person-1 examination-1 and (1.33±0.28)×10-4C.kg-1.min-1.

Non-occupational lead exposure and hypertension in Pakistani adults

Hypertension is one of the most prevalent diseases in the developed and developing countries. Based on the long historical association and the provocative findings of blood pressure effects at low level of lead exposure a study was carried out to determine if an association existed between low blood lead concentration and hypertension. In this study the effects of low-level exposure to lead on blood pressure were examined among 244 adults using atomic absorption spectrometer. For quality assurance purpose certified reference materials i.e., Animal blood A-13, Bovine liver 1577 and cotton cellulose V-9 from IAEA （International Atomic Energy Agency） and NIST （National Institute of Standard Technology） were analyzed under identical experimental conditions. The mean age of hypertensive adults was 52 years （range 43-66）. The mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were （209±11.7） （range 170-250） and （117±3.9） （range 105-140） mmHg respectively. Blood lead concentration ranged from 78-201 μg/L with a mean of 139 μg/L and 165-497 μg/L with a mean of 255 μg/k in normal and hypertensive adults respectively. Increase in systolic blood pressure was significantly predictive with increase in blood lead levels. Body mass index （BMI） and lipid profile including total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride correlated with blood pressure.

Changes in neuropeptides related to food intake in the rat arcuate nucleus after chronic immobilization stress and the effect of comfortable music exposure

Stress is an inevitable interference factor that seriously affects health.Listening to music is an economical,noninvasive,and highly accepted tool for easing stress.However,physiological studies investigating the ability of music to reduce stress in daily life are limited.We established rat models of chronic immobilization stress(CIS)to observe changes in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus(ARC)neurons involved in the regulation of food intake and the effect of comfortable classical music exposure.Twenty-one days of stress resulted in decreased food intake and delayed body weight gain,up-regulation of leptin receptor(Ob-R),cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript(CART),proopiomelanocortin(POMC),and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone(α-MSH)expression,and downregulation of neuropeptide Y(NPY)and agouti-related protein(AgRP)expression in the ARC.Thus,peripheral leptin entered the ARC under chronic stress conditions,bound to Ob-R,and affected downstream nerve pathways related to appetite,such as the NPY/AgRP and CART/POMC pathways.Gentle classical music played at 65 dB reversed the abnormal expression of Ob-R and NPY induced by chronic stress.Thus,listening to comfortable music improves changes in ARC neurons related to the regulation of food intake in CIS rats,and these results provide a reference for basic research regarding how music therapy alleviates stress and stress-related health issues.

Combined Effects of Exposure to Noise and Vibration on Human Postural Equilibrium under Simulated Driving Conditions

There is little information about drivers’body balance responses to combined exposure of noise and vibration.To fill the gap,this study aims to investigate the combined effects of exposure to noise and whole-body vibration(WBV)on the body balance under simulated driving conditions.For this purpose,30 male participants were exposed to noise level at 85 dB(A)and two vibration levels(0.87 and 1.3 m/s^(2))in five sessions.The design of the study was repeated-measures,and it attempted to assess the effects of 40 minutes of exposure to noise and/or WBV.Moreover,the participants’fatigue was measured with the Borg scale(CR 10).The findings revealed there was a significant change in body sway after WBV and combined noise and WBV exposure(p<0.05).However,no significant difference was found in exposure to noise alone(p>0.05).The effect sizes of exposure to noise,WBV(1.3 m/s^(2)),and combined noise and WBV(1.3 m/s^(2))on body balance were 0.035,0.425,and 0.635,respectively.Also,single exposure to WBV caused more fatigue than single exposure to noise(p<0.05).Combined noise and WBV exposure descriptively caused more fatigue in comparison with the influence of WBV alone.The study concluded that the combined effects of exposure to noise and vibration are more than the sum of them.So,some synergistic effects may be observed in human body balance.It is essential to increase drivers’awareness and revise current health care interventions about new possible effects of combined exposures.

山地城市暴雨洪水中人车失稳风险数值模拟研究

【目的】为定量分析山地城市暴雨内涝中行人和车辆的失稳风险特征,【方法】以重庆市悦来新城某排水片区为研究区域,构建一二维水文水动力耦合模型,对研究区不同降雨情景下的承灾体暴露性进行了模拟分析,按照最不利原则,从失稳风险范围和失稳持续时间等维度计算分析了典型人车(轿车、SUV、成人、儿童)的失稳风险。【结果】结果显示:降雨重现期越大,承灾体暴露性越高,失稳开始时间越早,持续时间越长,轿车的失稳风险最高,SUV次之,成人最小;四类承灾体在不同重现期下的轻微风险区域占比均最大,且其分布与积水深度较浅(如低于0.15 m)或流速值低于0.4 m/s的区域分布较为相似。【结论】结果表明:失稳风险等级越高的区域,其面临的洪水特征可能越复杂,尤其对于地形起伏多变的山地城市,应根据承灾体的特征进行风险图绘制,并结合降雨预报进行风险预警,提升灾害应急管理的精细化水平。

低氧暴露与减控体重效果的元分析

目的:评价低氧暴露对减控体重的影响效果,提供最优的减控体重方案。方法:在数据库中检索建库至2023年10月的所有文献,使用偏倚风险评估工具评价纳入文献质量。使用Stata14.0进行异质性检验、效应量合并、敏感性分析以及发表偏倚检验。结果:共纳入49篇RCT文献,1 392名被试者;相对于常氧暴露,低氧暴露对减轻体重(SMD=-0.18,95%CI[-0.29,-0.07],P<0.01)、降低体脂肪(SMD=-0.23,95%CI[-0.35,-0.18],P<0.01)的优势明显。相对于常氧暴露,低氧暴露对去脂体重(SMD=-0.05,95%CI[-0.22,0.13],P>0.05)、肌肉质量(SMD=0.01,95%CI[-0.20,0.21],P>0.05)、身体水分(SMD=-0.12,95%CI[-0.48,0.23],P>0.05)的改善无明显效果。调节变量结果:低氧暴露对成年群体的体重减轻(SMD=-0.21,95%CI[-0.35,-0.08],P<0.01)、体脂肪降低(SMD=-0.28,95%CI[-0.42,-0.13],P<0.01)具有显著效果。低氧暴露对男性和女性的体重减轻、体脂肪降低均具有显著效果。低氧环境下,不控制饮食对体重减轻(SMD=-0.23,95%CI[-0.37,-0.09],P<0.01)、体脂肪降低(SMD=-0.33,95%CI[-0.49,-0.18],P<0.01)的效果明显;控制饮食和未控制饮食对去脂体重、肌肉质量、身体水分的影响无明显差异(P>0.05)。低氧环境下,与消极暴露相比,积极暴露时体重减轻(SMD=-0.19,95%CI[-0.31,-0.07],P <0.01)、体脂肪降低(SMD=-0.26,95%CI [-0.38,-0.14],P<0.01)的效果明显;消极暴露和积极暴露对去脂体重、肌肉质量、身体水分的影响无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:与常氧暴露相比,低氧暴露对减体重和降体脂具有明显优势;低氧暴露对成年男性和成年女性的体重具有明显改善效果,也有效改善成年男性的体脂率;低氧暴露期间,暴露方式和饮食干预影响减控体重的效果,积极低氧暴露、自由饮食对体重和体脂肪的改善效果明显。

Associations of prenatal exposure to bisphenols with BMI growth trajectories in offspring within the first two years:evidence from a birth cohort study in China

Background Prenatal bisphenol exposure has been reported to be associated with lower birth weight and obesity-related indicators in early childhood.These findings warrant an investigation of the relationship between prenatal bisphenol exposure and the dynamic growth of offspring.This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of maternal bisphenol concentration in urine with the body mass index(BMI)growth trajectory of children aged up to two years and to identify the critical exposure periods.Methods A total of 826 mother–offspring pairs were recruited from Wuhan Children’s Hospital between November 2013 and March 2015.Maternal urine samples collected during the first,second,and third trimesters were analyzed for bisphenol A(BPA),bisphenol S,and bisphenol F(BPF)concentrations.Measurements of length and weight were taken at 0,1,3,6,8,12,18,and 24 months.Children's BMI was standardized using the World Health Organization reference,and group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify BMI growth trajectories.The associations between prenatal bisphenol exposure and BMI growth trajectory patterns were assessed using multinomial logistic regression models.Results The BMI growth trajectories of the 826 children were categorized into four patterns:low-stable(n=134,16.2%),low-increasing(n=142,17.2%),moderate-stable(n=350,42.4%),and moderate-increasing(n=200,24.2%).After adjusting for potential confounders,we observed that prenatal exposure to BPA during the second trimester[odds ratio(OR)=2.20,95%confidence interval(CI)=1.09–4.43]and BPF during the third trimester(OR=3.28,95%CI=1.55–6.95)at the highest quartile concentration were associated with an increased likelihood of the low-increasing BMI trajectory.Furthermore,in the subgroup analysis by infant sex,the positive association between the highest quartile of prenatal average urinary BPF concentration during the whole pregnancy and the low-increasing BMI trajectory was found only in girls(OR=2.82,95%CI=1.04–7.68).Conclusion Our study findings suggest that prenatal exposure to BPA and BPF(a commonly used substitute for BPA)is associated with BMI growth trajectories in offspring during the first two years,increasing the likelihood of the low-increasing pattern.

低年资护士职业暴露现状及影响因素

目的调查低年资护士锐器伤和血液体液职业暴露现状并探索影响因素。方法抽取全国31个省份(除港澳台外)的低年资护士为调查对象,采用“护士职业暴露现况调查问卷”进行调查。结果本研究共调查31个省级行政区的6244名低年资护士,其中2569名护士工作中发生过锐器伤或血液体液喷溅,设为发生组。剩余3675名护士设为未发生组。职业暴露发生的主要环节为处理废弃利器1582名,占61.58%;职业暴露发生的主要部位为手2520名,占98.09%。发生组中有1047名(40.76%)护士在发生职业暴露后未上报。6244名低年资护士中有950名(15.21%)低年资护士所在医院未在24 h内做暴露者的基线血液检测。二元Logistics回归分析显示,科室、所在地区、医院类别、工作中能否做到标准预防、每天工作时间、工作岗位职业暴露危险水平、周围人员职业安全防护意识、培训频率、防护用品及安全型针具种类对低年资护士职业暴露均有影响。结论低年资护士职业暴露发生率较高,建议护理管理者加强对低年资护士处理废弃利器的培训,规范上报和基线血液检测行为,并根据低年资护士职业暴露的影响因素制定预防措施,降低低年资护士职业暴露发生风险。

森林火灾风险评估技术体系探讨

综合利用森林火灾致灾危险性、承灾体暴露度、承灾体脆弱性,构建森林火灾风险评估指标体系。致灾危险性选取可燃物、气象条件、野外火源、地形地势等方面的内容为评估指标,承灾体暴露度选取地上活生物量、房屋建筑数量、人口数量、GDP等方面的内容为评估指标,承灾体脆弱性选取易燃林地比例、易燃建筑面积比例、老幼人口数比例、经济活动脆弱性等方面的内容为评估指标。采用层次分析法,通过专家打分的方式,确定各评估指标的权重。将森林火灾风险评估精度细化到小班、30弧秒地理格网,乡镇级、县级等多空间尺度,以满足国家、省、市、县不同行政级别森林防火管理精度需求,同时也为不同地区、不同时期的森林火灾风险识别提出最佳解决方案。

Assessment of potential dermal and inhalation exposure of workers to the insecticide imidacloprid using whole-body dosimetry in China

In China, although improvements to the pesticide registration process have been made in la thirty years, no occupational exposure data are required to obtain a commercial license for pesticide product. Consequently, notably little research has been conducted to establish a exposure assessment procedure in China. The present study monitored the potential derm operator exposure from knapsack electric sprayer wheat field application of imidacloprid Liaocheng City, Shandong Province and in Xinxiang City, Henan Province, China, usin whole-body dosimetry. The potential inhalation exposure was determined using a person air pump and XAD-2 sample tubes. The analytical method was developed and validate including such performance parameters as limits of detection and quantification, linear rang recovery and precision. The total potential dermal and inhalation exposures were 14.20, 16.815.39 and 20.78 mL/hr, respectively, for the four operators in Liaocheng and Xinxian corresponding to 0.02% to 0.03% of the applied volume of spray solution. In all trials, the low part（thigh, lower leg） of the body was the most contaminated, accounting for approximate76% to 88% of the total exposure. The inhalation exposure was less than 1% of the tot exposure. Such factors as the application pattern, crop type, spray equipment, operat experience and climatic conditions have been used to explain the exposure distribution ov the different parts of the body. As indicated by the calculated Margin of Exposure, the typic wheat treatment scenarios when a backpack sprayer was used are considered to be safe terms of imidacloprid exposure.

一种晒后舒缓植物复合提取物在身体乳中的研究与应用

以体外方法和人体主观评价方法结合测试一款含有龙胆根提取物、牡丹根皮提取物、黄檗树皮提取物为主要成分组成的组合物的抗组胺、抗敏舒缓功效。通过测试添加该组合物的乳液基质,以抑制组胺测试、斑马鱼方法和人体主观评价方法结合测试中,结果显示与不含龙胆根提取物、牡丹根皮提取物、黄檗树皮提取物组成的基质相比,含龙胆根提取物、牡丹根皮提取物、黄檗树皮提取物组成的乳液基质对组胺有明显的抑制作用,斑马鱼胚胎中性粒细胞聚集抑制率有显著提高,人体主观评价皮肤干燥、泛红、发热得到了舒缓和改善,说明晒后修复组合物作为皮肤调理剂添加到护肤品中,不仅具有良好的补水保湿,还有助于舒缓发热泛红的皮肤。

不同剂量水平硒、氟对大鼠的联合作用研究

用低、中、高３个剂量（０，３３，７７０μｇ／ｋｇ）的亚硒酸钠灌胃与低、中、高３种浓度（０，５０，１００ｍｇ／Ｌ）氟化钠钦水两两组合给大白鼠联合经口染毒５个月。发现在低硒和高硒水平时，随饮水氟浓度的增加大鼠氟斑牙的发生率升高，体重增长减慢。在低硒水平时，肝、肾组织中硒含量减少和氟含量增加，股骨氟量增加。这些变化在中硒水平时则不明显。表明摄入适量硒对氟有较强的拮抗作用。但在硒的染毒剂量过高时，这种拮抗作用减弱或者消失。同时，在硒摄入不足时，由于氟代谢的消耗也可造成组织中硒含量减少而导致缺硒。

低氧暴露及低氧训练对体重的影响

对国内、外关于低氧暴露及低氧训练对人体及动物体重影响的最新研究成果进行综述,分析了低氧暴露及低氧训练导致人体及动物体重下降的现象及可能原因;介绍营养品补充对低氧暴露时体重变化的影响;展望并分析低氧训练在运动员减体重中的应用。

重庆市36所医院医务人员职业暴露情况分析

目的了解重庆地区医务人员职业暴露现况,探讨防范对策。方法对2011年5月1日至9月30日参与调查的36所医院医务人员发生的职业暴露进行统计分析。结果本次调查共发生职业暴露554例,其中锐器伤456例,血液、体液暴露98例。二级医院比三级医院更易发生职业暴露;人群分布以护士为主,占总数的67.69%,发生地点主要在病房(41.52%)。锐器伤最常发生在锐器的使用后、处置前;血液、体液暴露中37.76%发生在面部。结论本地区医院对职业暴露重视程度不够,建立、健全相关制度,落实防护措施,加大经济投入,加强教育培训,提高医务人员意识,有利于提高职业暴露上报率和保证医务人员的职业安全。

太湖饮用水源地附近居民暴露参数

采用问卷调查方式研究了太湖饮用水源地附近1 500人的相关暴露参数.结果表明:该地区成人平均体质量为63.07kg,男性和女性分别为67.55和57.59 kg;平均体表面积为1.71 m2,男性和女性分别为1.79和1.61 m2;主食(米饭)、水产品、肉类、蛋类、蔬菜和水果的摄入率50百分位数分别为300、33.09、102.56、48.44、291.44和216.86 g/d;直接饮水率为1 125.00mL/d.该研究结果与美国和日本《暴露参数手册》推荐值有较大差异,差异范围为-67.33%～141.08%;相比国内其他研究结果,体质量、体表面积、直接饮水率相差不大,但饮食暴露参数有较大差异.

农药施用过程对施药者体表农药沉积污染状况的研究

为了研究农药对施药者身体造成的污染,减少施药造成的操作人员中毒现象,利用6种不同类型和技术参数的背负式喷雾器研究了3种施药方式在施药者身体15个部位的农药沉积状况。借助系统聚类分析和因子分析2种统计方法对试验结果进行了统计分析。结果表明,施药者双脚和小腿是药液沉积的主要部位,沉积率分别58.5%和35.8%;使用新型的施药器械与施药技术有助于降低施药人员体表的农药沉积残留;2种分析方法得到的结果吻合良好,对认识和评价农药施用过程施药者体表农药沉积污染情况有理论和实际意义。

噪声对人体平衡的影响

该文研究了噪声强度、噪声频率、噪声暴露时间对人体平衡的影响 .结果表明 ,噪声强度对人体动摇的左右轨迹长和动摇速度等指标具有显著影响 ,对前后轨迹长和总轨迹长指标影响效果不显著 .随着噪声强度的增加 ,动摇总轨迹长、前后轨迹长、左右轨迹长和动摇速度呈现线性增加趋势 ,从 90dB(A)开始人体动摇明显增大 .噪声频率对人体动摇的总轨迹长、左右轨迹长、动摇速度、前后轨迹长等指标具有显著影响 .但人体动摇值与噪声频率之间不存在简单的线性增加关系 .5 0 0和 10 0 0Hz条件下人体动摇较大 ,而 2 0 0 0Hz时较小 .噪声暴露时间对人体动摇的总轨迹长、左右轨迹长、前后轨迹长和动摇速度具有显著影响 ,在较短暴露时间内 (本实验为 12 0s) ,随着暴露时间的增加人体稳定性有所增加 ,说明人体平衡功能对噪声具有一个适应过程 .

中国浏阳农村地区人群暴露参数

以湖南省浏阳市农村地区人群为研究对象,采用问卷调查的方式对研究地区人群的暴露参数进行研究,结果表明:研究地区成人男性、女性的平均体质量分别为62.45和53.71 kg,平均体表面积分别为1.710和1.546 m2;成人日均饮水摄入量为1 428mL,P95(第95百分位数)为3 350 mL,其中,日均直接饮水量为1 035 mL,P95为2 500 mL;调查地区大米、面粉、鱼类、猪肉、鸡肉、蛋类(鸡蛋和鸭蛋合计)日均摄入量,成人男性为335.54、89.28、15.41、18.48、14.18和21.70 gd,成人女性为269.28、68.45、14.89、16.73、13.11和18.07 gd.研究还发现,调查地区人群饮用水源以泉水和井水为主,分别占52.42%和36.31%,也有个别人群饮用河水和湖水等地表水.研究结果与美国和日本暴露参数推荐值相比有较大差异,与我国同类研究相比也存在一定的差异,说明暴露参数具有区域性、种族性等特征.