Expression of HIF-1α in breast cancer and precancerous lesions and the relationship to clinicopathological features

Objective： The aim of this study was to observe the expressions and clinical significance of HIF-1a in breast cancer and precancerous lesions, and analyze the relationship between the expressions and clinicopathological features in breast cancer. Methods： We analyzed the HIF-1a expression in 128 cases of invasive ductal carcinomas, 146 precancerous lesions patients including 89 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ and 57 cases of atypical ductal hyperplasia. 53 cases of usual ductal hyperplasia breast tissues were selected as a control group. The specimens were evaluated for HIF-1a, estrogen receptor （ER） ＆ progesterone receptor （PR）, epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 （HER2/neu） and Ki-67. Immunoreactivity was semi-quantitatively evaluated in at least 1000 cells examined under the microscope at 40 x magnification and recorded as the percentage of positive tumor cells over the total number of cells examined in the same area. The percentage scores were subsequently categorized. The express of HIF-1a and their relationship with multiple biological parameters including ER ＆ PR, HER2/neu and Ki-67, the biomarkers levels of CA153, CA125 TSGF, and CEA in blood serum and nipple discharge, histological grade, region lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and recurrence on files were also assessed. Results： Compared with usual ductal hyperplasia, the positive expression rate of HIF-1a in atypical ductal hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinomas group was significantly increased （P 〈 0.01）. The positive rates of HIF-1a in invasive ductal carcinomas were 68.75%, which were significantly higher than that in ductal carcinoma in situ （43.8%）, atypical ductal hyperplasia （31.6%）, usual ductal hyperplasia （9.4%; X2 = 13.44, 22.27, 52.79, respectively, P 〈 0.01）. Statistical analysis showed that difference of abnormal expression rate of HIF-1a between ductal carcinoma in situ and usual ductal hyperplasia （X2 = 18.37, P = 0.00）, atypical ductal hyperplasia and usual ductal hyperplasia （x2 = 8.14, P = 0.00） was significant （P = 0.00）. However, no significant difference in the positive expression rate of HIF-1a was found between atypical ductal hyperplasia and ductal carcinoma in situ tissue （X2 = 2.19, P = 0.14）. There was a significantly difference in the mean HIF-1a frequency between ER ＆ PR positive invasive ductal carcinomas group and negative group, epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 （HER2/neu） positive and negative groups, Ki-67 proliferation index 〈 14% and 〉 14% groups, histological grade （I ＋ II） and grade III invasive ductal carcinomas groups, with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and recurrence groups （P 〈 0.05） and without groups （P 〈 0.05）. However, there was not difference in the mean HIF-1a between age （〈 50 years vs 〉 50 years）, tumor diameter （〈 2 cm vs 〉 2 cm; P 〉 0.05）. The nipple discharge and serum levels of CA153, TSGF, CA125 and CEA in invasive ductal carcinomas HIF-1a positive patients were significantly higher than those in the negative patients （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： In breast cancer, HIF-1a expressibn was abnormally increased. The aberration of HIF-1a may play a key role during oncogenesis （atypical ductal hyperplasia or ductal carcinoma in situ） and promote breast cellular transformation into malignancy, a finding useful for further understanding of tumorigenesis. The abnormal expression of HIF-1a may be as an early event in the development of breast tumor. The over-expression of HIF-1a might be important biological markers for invasion, metastasis and recurrence of breast cancer.

Inhibitory Effect of HCPT on Expression of HIF-1α and Downstream Genes in Hypoxic Human Cervical SiHa Cancer Cells

The hypoxic model to simulate hypoxic microenvironment in solid tumors was established and the effect of hydrocamptothecin （HCPT） on the hypoxia-induced over-expression of HIF-1α and VEGF genes was explored. Human cervical cancer SiHa cells were cultured in vitro under hypoxic conditions （37℃, 5% CO2, 1%O2） and treated with different concentrations of HCPT for 24 h. The mRNA and protein expression levels of HIF-1α, VEGF and Glutl in SiHa cells were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. Normoxic control groups were exposed to normoxic conditions for 24 h. Under normoxic conditions, HCPT had no obvious effects on the HIF-1α and VEGF gene expression. Hypoxia induced the up-regulation of HIF-1α protein and downstream VEGF gene, and HCPT showed a dose-dependently inhibitory effect on the hypoxia-induced over-expression of HIF-1α protein and VEGF gene expression in SiHa cells, whereas HCPT had no significant effect on the HIF-1α mRNA expression. No difference in HCPT cytotoxic- ity was observed between hypoxic groups and normoxic control groups. It was suggested that HCPT could inhibite the expression of HIF-1α protein and downstream VEGF gene in hypoxic SiHa cells in a dose-dependent manner, and the inhibitory effect was not related with HCPT cytotoxicity.

Expression of HIF-1α,TGF-β1,Mucl and MMP-9 in placenta:preliminary pathophysiological study of preeclampsia

Objective:To investigate expressions of hypoxia-inducible factors-la(HIF-la),transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-pl),mucinl(Mucl) and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) in the placenta collected from the preeclampsia patients and normal pregnant women,so as to explore the possible pathophysiological mechanism of preeclampsia. Methods:The placenta villus tissues were obtained from 35 preeclampsia women,including 16 mild preeclampsia and 19 severe preeclampsia,and 20 normal pregnant women,within 5 minutes after placental expulsion.Expressions of HIF-1α,TGF-β1,Mucl and MMP-9 were detected by Western blot.Cellular location was observed by immunohistochemistry. Results:(1) HIF-1αwas mainly located in cytoplasm and nucleus of placental villous syncytiotrophoblast. Expression level of HIF-la in the severe preeclampsia group was significantly higher than that in the mild group or control group(P<0.01).(2) TGF-pl was located in the trophoblast cell and exuviates membrane.Expression level of TGF-pl in the severe and mild preeclampsia groups was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05).(3) Mucl was located in trophoblast cell and exuviates membrane.Expression level of MUC1 in the severe preeclampsia group was significantly higher than that in the mild preeclampsia group and control group(P< 0.01).(4) MMP-9 was located in the trophoblast cell and villous stroma,exuviates membrane.Expression levels of MMP-9 in the two preeclampsia groups were lower than that in control group(P>0.05). Conclusion:Expressions of HIF-lα,TGF-β1 and Mucl increased in the placenta of preeclampsia group,while MMP-9 decreased.Mucl can be induced and regulated by HIF-la and TGF-β1.Over-expression of Mucl in placenta can significantly suppress the activation of MMP-9,which may influence the infiltration of trophoblast cells.The increased expression of HIF-lαand TGF-β1 in placenta may induce higher level of Mucl.This study helped us to understand the pathophysiological mechanism of preeclampsia.

Astrocytic endothelin-1 overexpression impairs learning and memory ability in ischemic stroke via altered hippocampal neurogenesis and lipid metabolism

Vascular etiology is the second most prevalent cause of cognitive impairment globally.Endothelin-1,which is produced and secreted by endothelial cells and astrocytes,is implicated in the pathogenesis of stroke.However,the way in which changes in astrocytic endothelin-1 lead to poststroke cognitive deficits following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion is not well understood.Here,using mice in which astrocytic endothelin-1 was overexpressed,we found that the selective overexpression of endothelin-1 by astrocytic cells led to ischemic stroke-related dementia(1 hour of ischemia;7 days,28 days,or 3 months of reperfusion).We also revealed that astrocytic endothelin-1 overexpression contributed to the role of neural stem cell proliferation but impaired neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus after middle cerebral artery occlusion.Comprehensive proteome profiles and western blot analysis confirmed that levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein and peroxiredoxin 6,which were differentially expressed in the brain,were significantly increased in mice with astrocytic endothelin-1 overexpression in comparison with wild-type mice 28 days after ischemic stroke.Moreover,the levels of the enriched differentially expressed proteins were closely related to lipid metabolism,as indicated by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis.Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry nontargeted metabolite profiling of brain tissues showed that astrocytic endothelin-1 overexpression altered lipid metabolism products such as glycerol phosphatidylcholine,sphingomyelin,and phosphatidic acid.Overall,this study demonstrates that astrocytic endothelin-1 overexpression can impair hippocampal neurogenesis and that it is correlated with lipid metabolism in poststroke cognitive dysfunction.

Influence of Angiotensin II on α1-Adrenergic Receptors Function in Rat Aorta and Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the main mediator of the Renin-Angiotensin-System acting on AT1 and other AT receptors. It is regarded as a pleiotropic agent that induces many actions, including functioning as a growth factor, and as a contractile hormone, among others. The aim of this work was to examine the impact of Ang II on the expression and function of α1-adrenergic receptors (α1-ARs) in cultured rat aorta, and aorta-derived smooth muscle cells. Isolated Wistar rat aorta was incubated for 24 h in DMEM at 37˚C, then subjected to isometric tension and to the action of added norepinephrine, in concentration-response curves. Ang II was added (1 × 10−5 M), and in some experiments, 5-Methylurapidil (α1A-AR antagonist), AH11110A (α1B-AR antagonist), or BMY-7378 (α1D-AR antagonist), were used to identify the α1-AR involved in the response. Desensitization of the contractile response to norepinephrine was observed due to incubation time, and by the Ang II action. α1D-AR was protected from desensitization by BMY-7378;while RS-100329 and prazosin partially mitigated desensitization. In another set of experiments, isolated aorta-derived smooth muscle cells were exposed to Ang II and α1-ARs proteins were evaluated. α1D-AR increased at 30 and 60 min post Ang II exposure, the α1A-AR diminished from 1 to 4 h, while α1B-AR remained unchanged over 24 h of Ang II exposure. Ang II induced an increase of α1D-AR at short times, and BMY-7378 protected α1D-AR from desensitization.

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 expression affects clinicopathological features and prognosis of aflatoxin B1-related hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND The dysregulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3(TIMP3)was positively correlated with the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,it is not clear whether TIMP3 expression is associated with the clinico-pathological features and prognosis of aflatoxin B1(AFB1)-related HCC(AHCC).A retrospective study,including 182 patients with AHCC,was conducted to explore the link between TIMP3 expression in cancerous tissues and the clinico-pathological characteristics and prognosis of AHCC.TIMP3 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry and its effects on the clinicopathological features and prognosis of AHCC were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression survival analysis.Odds ratio,hazard ratio(HR),median overall survival time(MST),median tumor recurrence-free survival time(MRT),and corresponding 95%confidential interval(CI)was calculated to RESULTS Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that compared with high TIMP3 expression,low TIMP3 expression in tumor tissues significantly decreased the MST(36.00 mo vs 18.00 mo)and MRT(32.00 mo vs 16 mo)of patients with AHCC.Multivariate Cox regression survival analysis further proved that decreased expression of TIMP3 increased the risk of death(HR=2.85,95%CI:2.04-4.00)and tumor recurrence(HR=2.26,95%CI:1.57-3.26).Furthermore,decreased expression of TIMP3 protein in tissues with AHCC was significantly correlated with tumor clinicopatho-logical features,such as tumor size,tumor grade and stage,tumor microvessel density,and tumor blood invasion.Additionally,TIMP3 protein expression was also negatively associated with amount of AFB1-DNA adducts in tumor tissues.CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the dysregulation of TIMP3 expression is related to AHCC biological behaviors and affects tumor outcome,suggesting that TIMP3 may act as a prognostic biomarker for AHCC.

NR4A1 enhances glycolysis in hypoxia-exposed pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by upregulating HIF-1αexpression

Background:Pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)is a chronic and progressive disease that is strongly associated with dysregulation of glucose metabolism.Alterations in nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1(NR4A1)activity alter the outcome of PAH.This study aimed to investigate the effects of NR4A1 on glycolysis in PAH and its underlying mechanisms.Methods:This study included twenty healthy volunteers and twenty-three PAH patients,and plasma samples were collected from the participants.To mimic the conditions of PAH in vitro,a hypoxia-induced model of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell(PASMC)model was established.The proliferation of PASMCs was assessed using CCK8 assays.Results:Levels of NR4A1,hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α),and various glycolysis-related enzymes were measured.In addition,extracellular glucose and lactate production were assessed.The interaction between NR4A1 and HIF-1αwas evaluated by co-immunoprecipitation assays.Levels of NR4A1 and HIF-1αwas increased in PAH patients,and exposure to hypoxia resulted in increased levels of NR4A1 and HIF-1αin PASMCs.NR4A1 interacted with HIF-1α.NR4A1 overexpression enhanced hypoxia-induced expression of HIF-1α,GLUT1,PKM2,HK2,and CD36,decreased glucose levels,increased lactate levels and promoted hypoxic PASMC viability.Conversely,silencing NR4A1 decreased hypoxia-induced expression of HIF-1α,GLUT1,PKM2,HK2,and CD36,promoted glucose production,reduced lactate levels and inhibited hypoxic PASMC viability.Furthermore,overexpression of HIF-1αreversed the regulation of glycolysis caused by NR4A1 knockdown.Conclusion:NR4A1 enhances glycolysis in hypoxia-induced PASMCs by upregulating HIF-1α.Our findings indicate that the management of NR4A1 activity may be a promising strategy for PAH therapy.

隐丹参酮调节HIF-1α/BNIP3信号通路对兔膝骨关节炎模型软骨细胞自噬和凋亡的影响

目的 探究隐丹参酮调节缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)/腺病毒E1B19kDa相互作用蛋白3(BNIP3)信号通路对兔膝骨关节炎(KOA)模型软骨细胞自噬和凋亡的影响。方法 取新西兰兔并以改良Videman法构建兔KOA模型,随机分为模型组、空载组、隐丹参酮组、HIF-1α敲低组、隐丹参酮+HIF-1α敲低组,每组9只;另取9只新西兰兔为对照组。分组干预后以Lequesne MG的膝关节级别评估法对兔膝关节临床症状(局部疼痛、步态、关节活动、关节肿胀)进行评分;HE染色检测兔膝关节软骨组织的退变情况并进行改良Mankin's评分;TUNEL染色检测兔膝关节软骨组织细胞凋亡情况;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测兔血清炎性因子白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-18、IL-10水平;蛋白免疫印迹实验检测兔膝关节软骨组织自噬(LC3、Beclin-1)、凋亡(Bax、Cleaved Caspase-3)和HIF-1α/BNIP3信号通路相关蛋白表达。结果 与对照组比较,模型组兔膝关节软骨组织出现明显退变症状,局部疼痛、步态、关节活动及关节肿胀评分、改良Mankin's评分、凋亡率、血清IL-18及IL-6水平、软骨组织LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ、Beclin-1、Bax、Cleaved Caspase-3、BNIP3蛋白表达水平升高,血清IL-10水平、软骨组织HIF-1α蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,隐丹参酮组兔膝关节软骨组织退变症状减轻,局部疼痛、步态、关节活动及关节肿胀评分、改良Mankin's评分、凋亡率、血清IL-18及IL-6水平、软骨组织LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ、Beclin-1、Bax、Cleaved Caspase-3、BNIP3蛋白表达水平降低,血清IL-10水平、软骨组织HIF-1α蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05);HIF-1α敲低组兔膝关节软骨组织退变症状加重,局部疼痛、步态、关节活动及关节肿胀评分、改良Mankin's评分、凋亡率、血清IL-18及IL-6水平、软骨组织LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ、Beclin-1、Bax、Cleaved Caspase-3、BNIP3蛋白表达水平升高,血清IL-10水平、软骨组织HIF-1α蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05);空载组兔各指标无明显变化(P>0.05)。隐丹参酮+HIF-1α敲低组较隐丹参酮组兔膝关节软骨组织退变症状加重,局部疼痛、步态、关节活动及关节肿胀评分、改良Mankin's评分、凋亡率、血清IL-18及IL-6水平、软骨组织LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ、Beclin-1、Bax、Cleaved Caspase-3、BNIP3蛋白表达水平升高,血清IL-10水平、软骨组织HIF-1α蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05);较HIF-1α敲低组上述指标变化相反。结论 隐丹参酮可通过上调HIF-1α、下调BNIP3表达,抑制炎症及自噬,减轻KOA兔膝关节软骨组织退变,改善其临床症状。

血清TNF-α、HIF-1α水平与纤维化性间质性肺病相关性分析

目的 探究血清TNF-α、HIF-1α水平及纤维化性间质性肺病患者肺纤维化评分与肺功能的相关性,为进一步探索巨噬细胞极化相关细胞因子在纤维化性间质性肺病中的作用提供新的思绪。方法 本文前瞻性收集2022年4月至2022年12月安徽医科大学第一附属医院住院治疗的纤维化性间质性肺病患者临床资料30例作为研究组,同期健康体检的研究志愿者15例作为对照组。比较两组的一般资料,血清中TNF-α、HIF-1α的水平,对两组血清中有差异的细胞因子水平及肺纤维化评分与肺功能进行相关性分析。结果 1.两组之间年龄、性别比较,差异均不具有统计学意义(P>0.05);2.研究组血清TNF-α水平高于对照者,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),血清HIF-1α水平低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);3.研究组患者的肺纤维化评分与肺功能中的D_(L)CO(%)呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。结论 纤维化性间质性肺疾病患者血清TNF-α水平高于健康者,而HIF-1α水平低于对照组,研究组肺纤维化评分与D_(L)CO(%)呈现负相关性,此结果为进一步探究巨噬细胞极化相关因子与纤维化性间质性肺病的关系提供了参考信息。

温经通络汤含药血清对小鼠软骨细胞损伤及IκB-ζ/HIF-1α/LDHA轴的影响研究

目的研究温经通络汤含药血清对白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)诱导的小鼠原代软骨细胞损伤的影响及机制。方法采用IL-1β诱导小鼠原代软骨细胞损伤模型,检测细胞中炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α,软骨降解相关蛋白酶基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)3、MMP9、MMP13、ADAM金属肽酶含血小板反应蛋白1基元4(ADAMTS4)以及糖酵解相关酶乳酸脱氢酶A(LDHA)、M2型丙酮酸激酶(PKM2)、还原型辅酶Ⅱ氧化酶2(NOX2)、还原型辅酶Ⅱ氧化酶4(NOX4)的mRNA表达;测定细胞内MMP3、MMP13、P65、IκB-ζ、缺氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)以及LDHA蛋白表达水平;进一步检测细胞上清液中一氧化氮(NO)、丙二醛(MDA)和乳酸的浓度,测定细胞内辅酶Ⅰ(NAD)的还原态(NADH)和氧化态(NAD+)的比率,以及细胞内活性氧(ROS)水平。结果温经通络汤含药血清可显著抑制IL-1β软骨细胞内IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的mRNA表达(P<0.01),降低细胞上清液中NO浓度(P<0.05,P<0.01),下调IκB-ζ(P<0.05)和P65蛋白表达(P<0.05,P<0.01)。温经通络汤含药血清可显著下调MMP3、MMP9、MMP13以及ADAMTS4 mRNA表达(P<0.01),抑制MMP13(P<0.05,P<0.01)和MMP3(P<0.05)的蛋白表达。氧化应激方面,它可显著抑制软骨细胞内ROS的产生,提高NADH/NAD+比率,降低上清液中MDA浓度,下调HIF-1α蛋白表达(P<0.01)。温经通络汤含药血清可显著降低乳酸浓度,下调LDHA、PKM2、NOX2、NOX4的表达,降低细胞内糖酵解水平(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论温经通络汤含药血清可通过抑制炎症、软骨降解、氧化应激和糖酵解,缓解IL-1β诱导的小鼠原代软骨细胞损伤,其机制可能与调控IκB-ζ/HIF-1α/LDHA轴有关。

罗沙司他对腹膜透析大鼠腹膜HIF-1α/VEGF信号通路表达及纤维化的影响

目的评估罗沙司他(Roxadustat,ROX)对腹膜透析(Peritoneal dialysis,PD)大鼠腹膜组织的缺氧诱导因子-1α(Hypoxia-inducible factors-1α,HIF-1α)以及血管内皮生长因子(Vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)表达的影响,同时探讨其对腹膜纤维化程度的潜在作用及其机制。方法购入30只雄性SPF级大鼠,采用5/6肾脏切除法成功构建尿毒症腹膜透析大鼠模型27只,随机分为空白对照组、PD组、PD+ROX组(联合给予5 mg/kg ROX,每周3次),每组9只,持续给药1个月,在灌胃后6、12、24 h以及4周时,采用ELISA法检测腹膜透析液、血液中HIF-1α和VEGF的浓度。利用HE和Masson染色观察大鼠腹膜组织病理变化,WB和免疫组化检测腹膜组织中HIF-1α、VEGF蛋白表达变化。结果HE和Masson染色观察各组大鼠腹膜组织,与空白对照组比较,PD组大鼠的腹膜组织出现了明显的纤维化和血管增生现象;与PD组相比,PD+ROX组大鼠的腹膜组织纤维化和血管增生现象明显改善。PD组腹膜组织中HIF-1α和VEGF蛋白表达水平显著高于空白对照组(P均<0.05),增加ROX干预后,PD+ROX组大鼠腹膜组织中HIF-1α和VEGF蛋白表达水平显著降低(P均<0.05)。PD+ROX组血清中HIF-1α和VEGF浓度均高于空白对照组和PD组(P均<0.05)。PD+ROX组腹膜透析液中HIF-1α和VEGF浓度均低于空白对照组和PD组(P均<0.05)。结论ROX治疗能有效降低腹膜组织及腹膜透析液中的HIF-1α和VEGF表达水平,缓解由葡萄糖腹膜透析引起的腹膜组织纤维化和血管增生。同时,血清中HIF-1α和VEGF水平的提升有助于改善腹膜组织的缺氧状况,抑制HIF-1α/VEGF信号通路,对抗腹膜纤维化。

MiR-199a修饰的间充质干细胞来源外泌体通过Akt/HIF-1α/DRP1轴促进缺糖缺氧/复糖复氧模型心肌细胞H9c2线粒体修复

目的 探讨miR-199a修饰的间充质干细胞(MSCs)来源的外泌体修复缺糖缺氧/复糖复氧模型心肌细胞H9c2线粒体的作用机制。方法体外培养MSCs,转染miR-199a mimics或miR-NC, 48~72 h后收集外泌体,实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)法检测外泌体的miR-199a水平。将H9c2细胞分为对照组、模型组、miR-199a修饰外泌体(Exos^(mimic),终质量浓度50μg·mL^(-1))组、miRNA阴性对照修饰外泌体(Exos^(NC),终质量浓度50μg·mL^(-1))组和miR-199a修饰外泌体+蛋白激酶B(Akt)抑制剂(Exos^(mimic)+MK2206 10μg·mL^(-1))组,除对照组外,制备缺糖缺氧/复糖复氧模型。应用CCK-8法检测各组细胞存活率,酶标仪检测各组细胞三磷酸腺苷(ATP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)水平以及上清液8-羟基脱氧尿苷(8-OHdG)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平;共聚焦显微镜检测各组线粒体膜电位(ΔΨm)和线粒体动力学变化;Western blotting法检测各组缺氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)和线粒体动力相关蛋白1(DRP1)蛋白表达变化。结果 与对照组比较,Exos^(mimic)中miR-199a表达水平明显升高(P<0.05),提取的外泌体直径平均为109.3 nm,浓度为1×10^(6)颗粒·mL^(-1)。与对照组比较,模型组细胞存活率和ATP、SOD、ΔΨm水平显著下降,LDH、MDA、8-OHdG水平和HIF-1α和DRP1蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.01、0.001),线粒体分裂水平增加;与模型组比较,Exos^(mimic)组细胞存活率和ATP、SOD和ΔΨm水平显著升高,LDH、MDA、8-OHdG水平和HIF-1α及DRP1蛋白表达水平显著下降(P<0.01、0.001),线粒体分裂水平减少;MK2206能明显逆转Exos^(mimic)效果(P<0.05、0.01)。结论 miR-199a修饰的MSCs外泌体通过Akt/HIF-1α/DRP1轴促进缺糖缺氧/复糖复氧心肌细胞线粒体修复。

瑞马唑仑调节HIF-1α/BNIP3信号通路对OGD/R诱导神经细胞自噬和凋亡的影响

目的探讨瑞马唑仑对OGD/R诱导的神经细胞自噬和凋亡的影响及作用机制。方法体外培养小鼠海马神经元细胞(HT22)并进行神经细胞氧糖剥夺/再复氧(OGD/R),筛选实验用瑞马唑仑浓度;将HT22细胞分为对照组、OGD/R组、瑞马唑仑组、2-ME2组、瑞马唑仑+2-ME2组;CCK8法检测5组HT22细胞活力;流式细胞术检测5组HT22细胞凋亡率;透射电子显微镜观察5组HT22细胞自噬小体的形成;Western blot检测5组HT22细胞HIF-1α、BNIP3、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ的表达。结果确定实验用瑞马唑仑浓度为50μg/mL;与对照组比较,OGD/R组HT22细胞OD450值、HIF-1α、BNIP3、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ蛋白水平下调,凋亡率上调(P<0.05);与OGD/R组比较,瑞马唑仑组HT22细胞自噬小体增加,OD450值、HIF-1α、BNIP3、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ蛋白水平上调,凋亡率下调(P<0.05);2-ME2组HT22细胞OD450值、HIF-1α、BNIP3、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ蛋白水平下调,凋亡率上调(P<0.05)。与瑞马唑仑组比较,瑞马唑仑+2-ME2组HT22细胞自噬小体数量减少,OD450值、HIF-1α、BNIP3、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ蛋白水平下调,凋亡率上调(P<0.05);与2-ME2组比较,瑞马唑仑+2-ME2组HT22细胞OD450值、HIF-1α、BNIP3、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ蛋白水平上调,凋亡率下调(P<0.05)。结论瑞马唑仑可通过激活HIF-1α/BNIP3信号通路促进OGD/R诱导的神经细胞自噬,抑制细胞凋亡,从而减轻OGD/R诱导的神经细胞损伤。

荜茇酰胺调控STAT3/HIF-1α通路诱导乳腺癌和乳腺细胞凋亡的机制

目的:探究荜茇酰胺对乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231、MCF-7和正常乳腺细胞MCF-10A增殖、凋亡和细胞周期的影响及其潜在的分子机制。方法:采用不同浓度荜茇酰胺干预MDA-MB-231、MCF-7、MCF-10A细胞,MTT法检测细胞增殖能力;细胞克隆形成法检测细胞克隆形成能力;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡和细胞周期;Western Blot检测细胞中cleaved Caspase-3、Bcl-2、Bax、Cyclin D1、p53、p-JAK2、p-STAT3、HIF-1α、Survivin蛋白表达。结果:荜茇酰胺可呈浓度依赖性抑制MDA-MB-231、MCF-7细胞增殖并诱导其凋亡,而对MCF-10A细胞无明显抑制作用;荜茇酰胺可下调MDA-MB-231细胞p53、Bcl-2、Cyclin D1、p-STAT3、Survivin、HIF-1α及MCF-7细胞p53、p-STAT3、Survivin、HIF-1α蛋白表达,上调MDA-MB-231细胞cleaved Caspase-3、Bax蛋白表达。结论:荜茇酰胺能抑制乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231、MCF-7增殖并诱导其凋亡,其机制可能与负向调控STAT3/HIF-1α通路有关。

姜黄素通过调控HIF-1α/miR-760/LTBP2机制轴抑制口腔黏膜下纤维化的效果研究

目的:探究姜黄素通过调控缺氧诱导因子-1α/微小RNA-760/潜在转化生长因子结合蛋白2(HIF-1α/miR-760/LTBP2)机制轴抑制口腔黏膜下纤维化的效果。方法:40只SD大鼠中随机取10只作为正常组,正常饲养不作处理;另30只大鼠采用槟榔碱诱导建立口腔黏膜下纤维化模型。将30只模型大鼠随机分为模型组、姜黄素组和阳性对照组,每组10只。姜黄素组和阳性对照组大鼠分别予以相应药物,正常组和模型组大鼠给予等体积生理盐水灌胃,1次/d,连续给药8周。比较各组大鼠张口度、颊黏膜组织变化、纤维化标志物及HIF-1α/miR-760/LTBP2信号轴表达情况。结果:与正常组比较,模型组大鼠张口度明显减小(P<0.05),颊黏膜评分、颊黏膜组织TGF-β1、ColⅢ、IFN-γ水平、miR-760 mRNA、HIF-1αmRNA、LTBP2 mRNA及HIF-1α、LTBP2蛋白表达均明显升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,姜黄素组和阳性对照组张口度均明显增大(P<0.05),颊黏膜评分、TGF-β1、ColⅢ、IFN-γ水平、miR-760 mRNA、HIF-1αmRNA、LTBP2 mRNA及蛋白表达均明显降低(P<0.05),且姜黄素组张口度大于阳性对照组(P<0.05),颊黏膜评分、TGF-β1、ColⅢ、IFN-γ、miR-760 mRNA、LTBP2 mRNA及HIF-1α、LTBP2蛋白表达均低于阳性对照组(P<0.05)。结论:姜黄素可能降低HIF-1α、miR-760、LTBP2表达,抑制口腔黏膜下纤维化。

电针通过HIF-1α和SOX-9维持兔膝骨关节炎软骨稳态及抗炎机制研究

目的观察电针对兔膝骨关节炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)模型软骨缺氧诱导因子1α(hypoxia inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α)、性别决定区Y框蛋白9(SRY-box transcription factor 9,SOX-9)、基质金属蛋白酶1(matrix metalloproteinase-1,MMP-1)、基质金属蛋白酶13(matrix metalloproteinase-13,MMP-13)、Ⅱ型胶原蛋白和炎症因子表达的影响,探讨电针干预改善KOA软骨稳态以及抗炎的可能作用机制。方法采用随机数字表法将实验兔分为对照组、模型组和电针组,每组10只。对模型组和电针组实验兔的右膝关节采用木瓜蛋白酶制造兔KOA模型。制模完成后,电针组给予电针犊鼻及内膝眼穴干预,每次30 min,每天1次,共14 d。模型组每天在固定器上固定15 min。对照组右膝关节注射等量0.9%氯化钠溶液。使用苏木精-伊红染色(hematoxylin-eosin staining,HE染色)检测软骨组织的病理情况,原位末端转移酶标记技术(terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay,TUNEL)检测软骨细胞的凋亡情况,免疫组化检测软骨中Ⅱ型胶原蛋白的表达情况,酶联免疫吸附实验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测软骨中肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)和白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)的水平,蛋白质免疫印迹(Western Blot,WB)检测HIF-1α、SOX-9、MMP-1和MMP-13的蛋白表达水平,实时荧光定量PCR(real-time quantitative PCR,qRT-PCR)检测HIF-1α、SOX-9、MMP-1和MMP-13的mRNA水平。结果HE染色结果显示,与对照组相比,模型组软骨细胞数量明显减少,细胞核皱缩,基质染色呈浅色,潮线不完整,而电针组较模型组显著改善;改良Mankin's评分结果显示,模型组较对照组显著升高,电针组较模型组显著降低;TUNEL结果显示,电针组软骨细胞凋亡率显著低于模型组;免疫组化结果显示,与模型组相比,电针组的Ⅱ型胶原蛋白表达明显升高;ELISA结果显示与模型组相比,电针组的TNF-α、IL-1β表达明显降低;WB和qRT-PCR结果显示,与对照组相比,模型组的HIF-1α和SOX-9蛋白表达水平和mRNA水平显著降低(P<0.05),与模型组相比,电针组显著升高(P<0.05)。结论电针可能通过上调HIF-1α和SOX-9的表达,减少MMP-1、MMP-13、TNF-α、IL-1β的表达,增加Ⅱ型胶原蛋白的形成,从而发挥缓解软骨损伤、减少炎症反应的作用。

WIN55212-2通过调控mTOR/HIF-1α/PFKFB3信号通路抑制糖酵解并减轻脓毒症小鼠急性肺损伤

目的:探究大麻素受体激动剂WIN55212-2(WIN)对脓毒症小鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)的影响,并探讨其通过糖酵解发挥作用的可能机制。方法:采用腹腔注射脂多糖(LPS)创建小鼠脓毒症ALI模型。将雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为4组:对照(control)组、LPS组(腹腔注射10 mg/kg LPS)、LPS+WIN组(注射LPS前30 min腹腔注射1 mg/kg WIN)和LPS+WIN+MHY1485[哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)活化剂]组(LPS造模前1 d腹腔注射10 mg/kg MHY1485,并在造模前30 min腹腔注射1 mg/kg WIN和10 mg/kg MHY1485),每组6只。造模24 h后取材,计算肺指数;HE染色观察肺组织病理变化;ELISA检测肺组织炎症因子白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)和IL-10表达水平,以及血清乳酸和乳酸脱氢酶A(LDHA)水平;Western blot检测mTOR/缺氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)/6-磷酸果糖-2-激酶/果糖-2,6-双磷酸酶3(PFKFB3)信号通路相关蛋白水平。结果:相比于control组,LPS组小鼠肺指数增加,HE染色显示肺组织受损,肺组织中IL-10水平降低(P<0.05),IL-1β水平升高(P<0.05),血清乳酸和LDHA水平升高(P<0.05),磷酸化mTOR(p-mTOR)、HIF-1α和PFKFB3蛋白水平升高(P<0.05)。相较于LPS组,LPS+WIN组肺指数降低(P<0.05),HE染色显示肺组织受损减轻,肺组织IL-1β水平降低(P<0.05),IL-10水平升高(P<0.05),血清乳酸和LDHA水平降低(P<0.05),p-mTOR、HIF-1α和PFKFB3蛋白水平降低(P<0.05)。相较于LPS+WIN组,LPS+WIN+MHY1485组肺指数增加,HE染色显示肺组织受损,肺组织IL-1β水平升高(P<0.05),IL-10水平降低(P<0.05),血清乳酸和LDHA水平升高(P<0.05),p-mTOR、HIF-1α和PFKFB3蛋白水平升高(P<0.05)。结论:WIN55212-2可以减轻脓毒症小鼠ALI,其机制可能是通过调控mTOR/HIF-1α/PFKFB3信号通路,抑制糖酵解,减轻炎症反应。

HIF-1α信号通路对脂多糖诱导鸡巨噬细胞炎症的调节作用研究

【目的】探究鸡巨噬细胞(HD11)在脂多糖(LPS)诱导条件下,缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)信号通路和线粒体功能对细胞炎症反应的影响。【方法】试验以HD11细胞为研究对象,分别用不同浓度LPS作用于细胞,培养24 h后检测细胞活力,筛选LPS最佳作用浓度;同时在最佳LPS作用浓度下,筛选LPS最佳作用时间。将HD11细胞分为对照组和模型组,模型组加入最佳作用浓度LPS培养,对照组加等量的完全培养液,按照LPS最佳作用时间培养后,提取细胞总RNA进行转录组测序,并对差异表达基因进行GO功能注释和KEGG通路富集分析。利用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting分别检测HIF-1α信号通路相关因子mRNA和蛋白表达量;通过流式细胞术检测线粒体膜电位和活性氧(ROS)水平变化。【结果】LPS诱导的HD11细胞炎症模型中最适条件为1μg/mL LPS培养12 h,以此条件成功建立了细胞炎症模型。与对照组相比,模型组共检测到2063个差异表达基因,其中1319个上调,744个下调。GO功能注释结果显示,差异表达基因显著富集到免疫系统应答、对外部刺激的反应和细胞因子受体结合等过程。KEGG通路富集分析结果显示,差异表达基因显著富集在50条信号通路,主要涉及免疫细胞介导的炎症反应和Toll样受体、核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)、HIF-1α等信号通路。其中有13个显著上调表达的基因集中在HIF-1α相关信号通路,包括Toll样受体4(TLR4)、NF-κB、HIF-1α、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)基因等。实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting结果显示,NF-κB p65、HIF-1α、VEGF等mRNA和蛋白表达水平均显著上调(P<0.05)。流式细胞术检测结果显示,与对照组相比,模型组线粒体膜电位极显著下降(P<0.01),ROS水平显著升高(P<0.05)。【结论】成功建立LPS诱导鸡巨噬细胞炎症模型,HIF-1α与NF-κB信号通路相互串扰共同参与LPS诱导的细胞炎症过程。同时,细胞线粒体功能下降,导致ROS生成增多,进而促进HIF-1α的表达,共同加重了炎性反应和代谢紊乱。

BMP9下调HIF-1α抑制乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞的有氧糖酵解和迁移侵袭

目的研究骨形成蛋白BMP9对三阴性乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞有氧糖酵解和迁移侵袭的调控作用。方法实验组使用人BMP9重组腺病毒(AdBMP9)感染MDA-MB-231细胞,对照组用空载的GFP腺病毒感染细胞。采用乳酸、葡萄糖和ATP检测试剂盒检测细胞的葡萄糖摄取量、乳酸和ATP生成量;通过GEPIA2数据库,分析BMP9在泛癌中与糖酵解关键酶基因的相关性;qRT-PCR检测过表达BMP9后,MDA-MB-231中糖酵解关键酶GLUT1、HK2、PKM2、LDHA的mRNA表达水平;STRING数据库分析BMP9抑制MDA-MB-231有氧糖酵解潜在靶点;Western blot检测细胞HIF-1α和下游蛋白表达水平;划痕实验和Transwell实验评估不同处理后,细胞的迁移与侵袭能力的改变。结果与对照组相比,BMP9下调乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞的葡萄糖摄取、乳酸生成及ATP水平(P<0.01),抑制HIF-1α及其下游蛋白表达;Rescue实验中,过表达HIF-1α能逆转BMP9对MDA-MB-231细胞有氧糖酵解和迁移侵袭的抑制作用。结论BMP9下调HIF-1α抑制乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231有氧糖酵解和迁移侵袭能力。

由HIF-1α探讨中医药对骨质疏松症的作用机制

HIF-1α是一种重要的转录因子,HIF-1α信号通路参与多种疾病的发生、发展过程,如肿瘤、心血管疾病、骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)等。HIF-1α还参与骨血管生成及影响骨细胞铁死亡来防治骨质疏松症。中医药对于OP的治疗有着独特的优势,中药的活性成分及复方均能对HIF-1α信号通路产生影响,但其机制尚需多方面研究。故本文从HIF-1α信号通路入手,研究中医药防治OP的作用机制及疗效的进展情况。