A new retrofitting method is proposed herein for reinforced concrete （RC） structures through attachment of an external structure. The external structure consists of a fiber concrete encased steel frame, connection s...A new retrofitting method is proposed herein for reinforced concrete （RC） structures through attachment of an external structure. The external structure consists of a fiber concrete encased steel frame, connection slab and transverse beams. The external structure is connected to the existing structure through a connection slab and transverse beams. Pseudo- static experiments were carried out on one unretrofitted specimen and three retrofitted frame specimens. The characteristics, including failure mode, crack pattern, hysteresis loops behavior, relationship of strain and displacement of the concrete slab, are demonstrated. The results show that the load carrying capacity is obviously increased, and the extension length of the slab and the number of columns within the external frame are important influence factors on the working performance of the existing structure. In addition, the displacement difference between the existing structure and the outer structure was caused mainly by three factors： shear deformation of the slab, extraction of transverse beams, and drift of the conjunction part between the slab and the existing frame. Furthermore, the total deformation determined by the first two factors accounted for approximately 80% of the damage, therefore these factors should be carefully considered in engineering practice to enhance the effects of this new retrofitting method.展开更多
“Internal relation”is a significant term in both Wittgenstein’s early and later philosophy.The term is used in relation to many problems,including our topic here,“aspect-seeing.”Some scholars have attempted to pr...“Internal relation”is a significant term in both Wittgenstein’s early and later philosophy.The term is used in relation to many problems,including our topic here,“aspect-seeing.”Some scholars have attempted to present a persuasive interpretation of this terminology;however,Wittgenstein’s remarks on“aspect-seeing”somehow thwart their approaches.The obstacle lies in the relata involved:Which terms are connected by an internal relation in the perception of an aspect?In this paper,I review the existing interpretations and present two proposals,one of which is conservative and the other slightly more radical.I argue that Wittgenstein makes divergent use of the distinction between“intemal/extemal relations,”and that this may reveal the potential ambiguities of the words“internal”and“relation”展开更多
基金Innovation Team Development Plan of the Chinese Ministry of Education under Grant No.IRT13075the Doctor Foundation Program of Shandong Jianzhu University under Grant No.XNBS1202
文摘A new retrofitting method is proposed herein for reinforced concrete （RC） structures through attachment of an external structure. The external structure consists of a fiber concrete encased steel frame, connection slab and transverse beams. The external structure is connected to the existing structure through a connection slab and transverse beams. Pseudo- static experiments were carried out on one unretrofitted specimen and three retrofitted frame specimens. The characteristics, including failure mode, crack pattern, hysteresis loops behavior, relationship of strain and displacement of the concrete slab, are demonstrated. The results show that the load carrying capacity is obviously increased, and the extension length of the slab and the number of columns within the external frame are important influence factors on the working performance of the existing structure. In addition, the displacement difference between the existing structure and the outer structure was caused mainly by three factors： shear deformation of the slab, extraction of transverse beams, and drift of the conjunction part between the slab and the existing frame. Furthermore, the total deformation determined by the first two factors accounted for approximately 80% of the damage, therefore these factors should be carefully considered in engineering practice to enhance the effects of this new retrofitting method.
文摘“Internal relation”is a significant term in both Wittgenstein’s early and later philosophy.The term is used in relation to many problems,including our topic here,“aspect-seeing.”Some scholars have attempted to present a persuasive interpretation of this terminology;however,Wittgenstein’s remarks on“aspect-seeing”somehow thwart their approaches.The obstacle lies in the relata involved:Which terms are connected by an internal relation in the perception of an aspect?In this paper,I review the existing interpretations and present two proposals,one of which is conservative and the other slightly more radical.I argue that Wittgenstein makes divergent use of the distinction between“intemal/extemal relations,”and that this may reveal the potential ambiguities of the words“internal”and“relation”
