Calculation of the Standard Model Parameters and Particles Based on a SU(4) Preon Model

This paper describes an extension and a new foundation of the Standard Model of particle physics based on a SU(4)-force called hyper-color, and on preon subparticles. The hyper-color force is a generalization of the SU(2)-based weak interaction and the SU(1)-based right-chiral self-interaction, in which the W-and the Z-bosons are Yukawa residual-field-carriers of the hyper-color force, in the same sense as the pions are the residual-field-carriers of the color SU(3) interaction. Using the method of numerical minimization of the SU(4)-action based on this model, the masses and the inner structure of leptons, quarks and weak bosons are calculated: the mass results are very close to the experimental values. We calculate also precisely the value of the Cabibbo angle, so the mixing matrices of the Standard model, CKM matrix for quarks and PMNS matrix for neutrinos can also be calculated. In total, we reduce the 29 parameters of the Standard Model to a total of 7 parameters.

Photochemical Process Modeling and Analysis of Ozone Generation

Air pollution in modern city and industrial zones has become a serious public concern in recent years in China. Significance of air quality assessment and emission control strategy design is increasing. Most studies in China focus on particulate matter(PM), especially PM2.5, while few account for photochemical secondary air pollutions represented by ozone(O3). In this paper, a procedure for air quality simulation with comprehensive air quality model with extensions(CAMx) is demonstrated for studying the photochemical process and ozone generation in the troposphere. As a case study, the CAMx photochemical grid model is used to model ozone over southern part of Beijing city in winter, 2011. The input parameters to CAMx include emission sources, meteorology field data, terrain definition, photolysis status, initial and boundary conditions. The simulation results are verified by theoretical analysis of the ozone generation tendency. The simulated variation tendency of domain-wide average value of hourly ozone concentration coincides reasonably well with the theoretical analysis on the atmospheric photochemical process, demonstrating the effectiveness of the procedure. An integrated model system that cooperates with CAMx will be established in our future work.

Interaction between Downslope and Alongslope Processes on the Margins of Daihai Lake,North China:Implication for Deltaic Sedimentation Models of Lacustrine Rift Basin

Daihai Lake, a modern lacustrine rift basin, located in Inner Mongolia, North China, serves as an important modern analog for understanding deltaic depositional processes in an active rift setting. Two of the deltas （Yuanzigou delta and Bulianghe delta） on the margins of Daihai Lake were surveyed to compare and contrast stacking patterns using aerial photographs, field trenching and sediment sampling. Shallow cores and trench data collected from the margins of Daihai Lake indicate that a variety of depositional processes have been active since Daihai Lake formed. Two 3-D sedimentation models which employ chronostratigraphic correlation technique were generated. The chronostratigraphic sedimentation models predict and represent the architectures and sand-body continuity of sediments. Stratigraphical coincidence of the broad sheeted drifts and channel erosion suggests a coupling between downslope and alongslope processes. Distributary mouth bars are prevalent in the front of deltas on steeper slopes due to the dominance of down-slope flows. On the contrary, the along-slope currents favor the development of distal bar deposits with sheeted sandbodies on gentle depositional slopes. This study provides an insight into the architecture of complex sedimentary facies associated with highlighting key differences between downslope flows and alongslope currents. The distribution of sand within these deltas is of particular interests, with applications in understanding the architecture of hydrocarbon reservoirs formed in lacustrine rift basin.

Cenozoic tectono-sedimentary characteristics and extension model of the Northwest Sub-basin,South China Sea

Based on the interpretations of three seismic profiles and one wide-angle seismic profile across the Northwest Sub-basin,South China Sea.stratigraphic sequences,deformation characteristics and an extension model for this sub-basin have been worked out.Three tectonic-stratigraphic units are determined.Detailed analyses of extension show that the event occurred mainly during the Paleogene and resulted in the formation of half-grabens or grabens distributed symmetrically around the spreading center.Sediments are characterized by chaotic and discontinuous reflectors,indicating clastic sediments. Farther to the southwest,the sub-basin features mainly continental rifting instead of sea-floor spreading. The rifting would have been controlled by the shape of the massif and developed just along the northern edge of the Zhongsha-Xisha Block,rather than joined the Xisha Trough.After 25 Ma.a southward ridge jump triggered the opening of the Southwest Sub-basin.The NW-directed stress caused by the sea-floor spreading of the Northwest Sub-basin may have prevented the continuous opening of the sub-basin.After that the Northwest Sub-basin experienced thermal cooling and exhibited broad subsidence.The deep crustal structure shown by the velocity model from a wide-angle seismic profile is also symmetrical around the spreading center,which indicates that the Northwest Sub-basin might have opened in a pure shear model.

MECHANICAL PRODUCT EXTENSIVE INTELLIGENT CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

Based on extenics, an extensive functional information model(function-behavioral action-structure-environmental constraint) of the mechanical productintelligent conceptual design is developed, and the mechanism of theoretic structure solutions isproduced, the mapping relations between function-behavior and behavior-structure are analyzed. Themodel is applied to the filling material system's conceptual design to verify validity.

EXTENSION OF SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC MODELAND SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC ANALYSIS IN LIMNIC DEPOSITIONAL BASIN

The architectural patterns of sedimentary succession are diverse in different depositionalbasins. The sedimentary architecture and geological condition of such basins asepicontinental sea, intraplate limnic basins, etc., differ cIearly from those of continentalmargin basin. Extension, complement and perfection of sequence stratigraphic models are needed in the studies of various depositional basins based on the classical sequence model. This paper, for this reason,expounds the thought, principles of sequence division, methodology and technology of the study of sequence stratigraphy in epicontinental and limnic basins.

Standard Model Particles with Mass Treated as Spheres with Finite Radii

The particle physics Standard Model involves three charge 0 neutrinos, three charge e leptons, three charge (2/3)e quarks, and three charge −(1/3)e quarks, where e is electron charge. However, the Standard Model cannot explain why there are three generations of particles in each charge state and makes no predictions relating to quark and lepton masses. This analysis, treating Standard Model particles as spheres with radii 1/4 the particle Compton wavelength, explains three, and only three fermions are in each charge state and relates first generation quark masses to the electron mass.

Electrodynamics with violations of Lorentz and U(1)gauge symmetries and their Hamiltonian structures

This study aims to investigate Lorentz/U(1)gauge symmetry-breaking electrodynamics in the framework of the standard-model extension and analyze the Hamiltonian structure for the theory with a specific dimension of Lorentz breaking operators.For this purpose,we consider a general quadratic action of the modified electrodynamics with Lorentz/gauge-breaking operators and calculate the number of independent components of the operators at different dimensions in gauge invariance and breaking.With this general action,we then analyze how Lorentz/gauge symmetry-breaking can change the Hamiltonian structure of the theories by considering Lorentz/gauge-breaking operators with dimension as examples.We show that the Lorentz-breaking operators with gauge invariance do not change the classes of the theory constrains and the number of physical degrees of freedom of the standard Maxwell electrodynamics.When U(1)gauge symmetry-breaking operators are present,the theories generally lack a first-class constraint and have one additional physical degree of freedom compared to the standard Maxwell electrodynamics.

Imprecise Reliability Assessment for Heavy Numerical Control Machine Tools Against Small Sample Size Problem

Small sample size problem is one of the main problems that heavy numerical control(NC) machine tools encounter in their reliability assessment. In order to deal with the small sample size problem, many indirect reliability data such as reliability data of similar products, expert opinion, and engineers' experience are used in reliability assessment. However, the existing mathematical theories cannot simultaneously process the above reliability data of multiple types, and thus imprecise probability theory is introduced. Imprecise probability theory can simultaneously process multiple reliability data by quantifying multiple uncertainties(stochastic uncertainty,fuzzy uncertainty, epistemic uncertainty, etc.) together. Although imprecise probability theory has so many advantages, the existing natural extension models are complex and the computation result is imprecise. Therefore,they need some improvement for the better application of reliability engineering. This paper proposes an improved imprecise reliability assessment method by introducing empirical probability distributions to natural extension model, and the improved natural extension model is applied to the reliability assessment of heavy NC machine tool spindle to illustrate its effectiveness.

What can a heavy U(1)B-L Z'boson do to the muon(g-2)u anomaly and to a new Higgs boson mass?

The minimal U(1)B_L extension of the Standard Model(B-L-SM)offers an explanation for neutrino mass generatio n via a seesaw mechanism;it also offers two new physics states,namely an extra Higgs bos on and a new Z'gauge boson.The emerge nee of a second Higgs particle as well as a new Z'gauge boson,both lin ked to the breaking of a local U(1)B_L symmetry,makes the B-L-SM rather constrained by direct searches in Large Hadron Collider(LHC)experiments.We investigate the phenomenological status of the B-L-SM by confr on ting the new physics predictions with the LHC and electroweak precision data.Taking into account the current bounds from direct LHC searches,we demonstrate that the prediction for the muon(g-2)u anomaly in the B-L-SM yields at most a contribution of approximately 8.9×10^-12,which represents a tension of 3.28 standard deviations,with the current 1σuncertainty,by means of a Z'boson if its mass is in the range of 6.3 to 6.5 TeV,within the reach of future LHC runs.This means that the B-L-SM,with heavy yet allowed Z‘bos on mass range,in practice,does not resolve the tension between the observed anomaly in the muon(g-2)u and the theoretical prediction in the Standard Model.Such a heavy Z'boson also implies that the minimal value for the new Higgs mass is of the order of 400 GeV.