A New Extension Theory-based Production Operation Method in Industrial Process

To explore the problems of dynamic change in production demand and operating contradiction in production process, a new extension theory-based production operation method is proposed. The core is the demand requisition, contradiction resolution and operation classification. For the demand requisition, the deep and comprehensive demand elements are collected by the conjugating analysis. For the contradiction resolution, the conflict between the demand and operating elements are solved by the extension reasoning, extension transformation and consistency judgment. For the operating classification, the operating importance among the operating elements is calculated by the extension clustering so as to guide the production operation and ensure the production safety. Through the actual application in the cascade reaction process of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) of a chemical plant, cases study and comparison show that the proposed extension theory-based production operation method is significantly better than the traditional experience-based operation method in actual production process, which exploits a new way to the research on the production operating methods for industrial process.

Using Extension Theory and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process on Heterogeneous Wireless Network Selection Algorithm

In order to solve the problem that determining decision factors weights is of subjectivity in heterogeneous wireless network selection algorithm, a network selection algorithm based on extension theory and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process （FAHP） is proposed in this paper. In addition, user and operator codetermine the optimal network using the proposed algorithm, which can give consideration to user and operator benefits. The fuzzy judgment matrix is coustructed by membership degree of decision factors which is calculated according to extension theory. The comprehensive weight of each decision factor is obtained using FAHP. Finally, the optimal network is selected through total property value ranldng of each candidate network under user preference and operator preference. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can select the optimal network efficiently and accurately, satisfy user preference, and implement load balance between networks.

AN APPLICATION OF EXTENSION THEORY TO THE EVALUATION OF SLOPE STABILITY

The slope stability is affected by multiple factors. Thecomprehensive evaluation of the slope stability is a complicateproblem. The principles of extension theory have been used in thispaper to establish the matter-element model for the evaluation ofslope stability. The quantitative evaluated results have been giventhrough the calculation of the matter-element dependent degree.

Seismic risk evaluation for a planning mountain tunnel using improved analytical hierarchy process based on extension theory

Seismic risk evaluation(SRE) in early stages(e.g., project planning and preliminary design)for a mountain tunnel located in seismic areas has the same importance as that in final stages(e.g.,performance-based design, structural analysis, and optimization). SRE for planning mountain tunnels bridges the gap between the planning on the macro level and the design/analysis on the micro level regarding the risk management of infrastructural systems. A transition from subjective or qualitative description to objective or quantitative quantification of seismic risk is aimed to improve the seismic behavior of the mountain tunnel and thus reduce the associated seismic risk. A new method of systematic SRE for the planning mountain tunnel was presented herein. The method employs extension theory(ET)and an ET-based improved analytical hierarchy process. Additionally, a new risk-classification criterion is proposed to classify and quantify the seismic risk for a planning mountain tunnel. This SRE method is applied to a mountain tunnel in southwest China, using the extension model based on matter element theory and dependent function operation.The reasonability and flexibility of the SRE method for application to the mountain tunnel are illustrated.According to different seismic risk levels and classification criteria, methods and measures for improving the seismic design are proposed, which can reduce the seismic risk and provide a frame of reference for elaborate seismic design.

Application of extension method to fault diagnosis of transformer

A novel extension diagnosis method was proposed for enhancing the diagnosis ability of the conventional dissolved gas analysis. Based on the extension theory a matter-element model was established for qualitatively and quantitatively describing the fault diagnosis problem of power transformers. The degree of relation based on the dependent functions was employed to determine the nature and the grade of the faults in a transformer system. And the proposed method was verified with the experimental data. The results show that accuracy rate of the diagnosis method exceeds 90% and two kinds of faults can be detected at the same time.

Research on Extension Evaluation of Rural Road Maintenance Quality Based on Game Theory

The importance of rural highway maintenance is self-evident, and it is also a basic work of the highway operation department. Selecting an appropriate evaluation method can timely and accurately find the pavement diseases, and improve the timeliness of pavement repair. To improve the accuracy of pavement quality comprehensive evaluation, based on the game theory, the improved extension evaluation method was combined with subjective and objective weight determination methods in this paper, to propose a comprehensive weight determination method with a good operability. The results show that the improved extension evaluation method provides a feasible scheme for rural highway maintenance quality evaluation

Application of extension theory in risk zoning of debris flow in Beijing

The occurrence of debris flow is affected by many factors. Risk zoning of debris flow plays a vital role in the early-warning and prediction of abrupt geological hazards, and exploration of new method is needed in the early-warning and prediction of geological hazards. The extension theory is a new method to solve contradiction matters. Based on extension theory, AHP and GIS, the risk zoning model of debris flow was established in this paper. The result of this research provides a new way in the risk zoning, early-warning and prediction of debris flow

Evaluation of Home Elevator Performance Based on Extension Fuzzy Theory

It is quite difficult as to how to choose an appropriate home elevator, because the factories manufacturing home elevator are numerous and the models of production are different. Therefore, this article combines .fuzzy math with extension theory on the basis of matter element theory, extension set theory and correlation function, constructs a classical matter element and a segmentfield matter element by classifying home elevator performance and making a performance index membership zero dimension, and establishes an extension fuzzy evaluation model of home elevator performance levels. The example in this article shows that the established method is able to evaluate actual home elevator performance.

可拓推理的Petri网表示

将可拓理论的知识表达与Petri网相结合得到可拓展Petri网EPN(Extension Petri Nets)．EPN不但可以进行传统的逻辑推理以及模糊推理表示,还可以进行可拓推理表示,增强了Petri网对系统可扩展性的描述能力,同时也为可拓推理提供了有效的图形化表示方式,并行推理和数学验证分析方法．

关于D.W.Etherington的扩充产生算法的一个注记

Ｄ．Ｗ．Ｅｔｈｅｒｉｎｇｔｏｎ提出了一类总是有扩充的缺省理论，即有限有序缺省理论，同时使用接连近似的方法给出产生这类缺省理论的所有扩充的算法，并证明该算法对有限有序网络缺省理论总是收敛到一扩充。本文首先举例说明Ｄ．Ｗ．Ｅｔｈｅｒｉｎｇｔｏｎｄ的算法对一般的有限有序缺省理论并非总是收敛，然后给出了该算法对一般的有限有序缺省理论收敛的一个充分条件。

基于GT-ET的黑龙江省绿色公路评价方法

为客观地评估黑龙江省绿色公路的建设现状,促进黑龙江省绿色公路发展,以地域特点和绿色公路可持续发展为研究视角,构建1个包括4个一级指标、14个二级指标的绿色公路评价指标体系。考虑主观和客观双重因素,通过层次分析法(AHP)(主观)和熵权法(客观)分别计算指标权重,采用博弈论组合赋权法计算指标组合权重,从而建立基于博弈-可拓理论的绿色公路评价方法。以黑龙江省典型公路示范工程为例对该方法进行验证,并找出黑龙江省现阶段绿色公路发展存在的优势和短板。

RHOMBUS THINKING METHOD AND ITS APPLICATION IN SCHEME DESIGN

Rhombus thinking, a new creative thinking method,is the combination of divergent thinking process and convergent thinking process,in which qualitative analysis is carried out before quantitative analysis This method tries to solve the bottle neck problem in intelligent CAD based on the extension theory The rhombus thinking method to the scheme design of new products is applied In this process, firstly, the matter element expression for the know information are set up, and then a set of matter elements are opened up by matter elements extension method; Finally,the useful information are got by appraisal method of dependent degree It has been successfully applied to the scheme design for the cutter store of machining center Theoretical and experimental results demonstrated fhat the method is much more accurate,objective and efficient than the traditional one

Ecological risk assessment of the Gannan Plateau,northeastern Tibetan Plateau

Desertification, soil salinization and grassland degradation are the major environmental hazards faced by the Gannan Plateau, northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Ecological risk assessment plays an important role in formulating environmental management strategies yet little attention to this region. In this study, we established an ecological risk assessment index system based on 30 evaluation indices in the categories of hydrometeorology, ecological environment, ground surface disturbance, and society and economy for the Gannan Plateau. An entropy method was used to calculate an index weight,and subsequently the matter-element method was used together with extension theory to establish a matter-element extension model of ecological risk. We assessed the ecological risk in this region by calculating the degree of association between index layer, system layer and target layer, and the cumulative ecological risk index. The degrees of ecological risk for the counties of the region were determined by using Arc GIS which would represent a spatial heterogeneity of the risk grade in production. Our results showed that the areas of high ecological risk were in Zhouqu County and Zhuoni County, and others were of low risk(Hezuo City, Diebu County, Xiahe County and Lintan County) or intermediate risk(Maqu County). The results of the assessment were in accord with the actual observed situation. Thus, our ecological risk assessment index system is appropriate for this region and suggests that high risk counties need a priori ecological protection. Such research could provide a technological support which would potentially prevent or reduce disasters by establishing an ecological barrier to promote the sustainable development of Gannan Plateau.

Study and Application of Case-based Extension Fault Diagnosis for Chemical Process

In chemical processes, fault diagnosis is relatively difficult due to the incomplete prior-knowledge and unpredictable production changes. To solve the problem, a case-based extension fault diagnosis (CEFD) method is proposed combining with extension theory, in which the basic-element model is used for the unified and deep fault description, the distance concept is applied to quantify the correlation degree between the new fault and the original fault cases, and the extension transformation is used to expand and obtain the solution of unknown faults. With the application in Tennessee Eastman process, the result indicates that CEFD method has a flexible fault representation, objective fault retrieve performance and good ability for fault study, providing a new way for diagnosing production faults accurately.

Source extension based on ε-entropy

It is known by entropy theory that image is a source correlated with a certain characteristic of probability. The entropy rate of the source and ε- entropy (rate-distortion function theory) are the information content to identify the characteristics of video images, and hence are essentially related with video image compression. They are fundamental theories of great significance to image compression, though impossible to be directly turned into a compression method. Based on the entropy theory and the image compression theory, by the application of the rate-distortion feature mathematical model and Lagrange multipliers to some theoretical problems in the H.264 standard, this paper presents a new the algorithm model of coding rate-distortion. This model is introduced into complete test on the capability of the test model of JM61e (JUT Test Model). The result shows that the speed of coding increases without significant reduction of the rate-distortion performance of the coder.

Bending-induced extension in two-dimensional crystals

We find by ab initio simulations that significant overall tensile strain can be induced by pure bending in a wide range of two-dimensional crystals perpendicular to the bending moment, just like an accordion being bent to open. This bending-induced tensile strain increases in a power law with bent curvature and can be over 20% in monolayered black phosphorus and transition metal dichalcogenides at a moderate curvature of but more than an order weaker in graphene and hexagon boron nitride. This accordion effect is found to be a quantum mechanical effect raised by the asymmetric response of chemical bonds and electron density to the bending curvature.

Kinematics Analysis Based on Screw Theory of a Humanoid Robot

A humanoid robot is a complex dynamic system for its idiosyncrasy. This paper aims to provide a mathematical and theoretical foundation for the design of the configuration, kinematics analysis of a novel humanoid robot. It has a simplified configuration and design for entertainment purpose. The design methods, principle and mechanism are discussed. According to the design goals of this research, there are ten degrees of freedom in the two bionic arms. Modularization, concurrent design and extension theory methods were adopted in the configuration study and screw theory was introduced into the analysis of humanoid robot kinematics. Comparisons with other methods show that: 1) only two coordinates need to be established in the kinematics analysis of humanoid robot based on screw theory; 2) the spatial manipulator Jacobian obtained by using twist and exponential product formula is succinct and legible; 3) adopting screw theory to resolve the humanoid robot arms kinematics question can avoid singularities; 4) using screw theory can solve the question of specification insufficiency.

Epistemic-Based Investigation of the Probability of Hazard Scenarios Using Bayesian Network for the Lifting Operation of Floating Objects

Owing to the increase in unprecedented accidents with new root causes in almost all operational areas, the importance of risk management has dramatically risen. Risk assessment, one of the most significant aspects of risk management, has a substantial impact on the system-safety level of organizations, industries, and operations. If the causes of all kinds of failure and the interactions between them are considered, effective risk assessment can be highly accurate. A combination of traditional risk assessment approaches and modern scientific probability methods can help in realizing better quantitative risk assessment methods. Most researchers face the problem of minimal field data with respect to the probability and frequency of each failure. Because of this limitation in the availability of epistemic knowledge, it is important to conduct epistemic estimations by applying the Bayesian theory for identifying plausible outcomes. In this paper, we propose an algorithm and demonstrate its application in a case study for a light-weight lifting operation in the Persian Gulf of Iran. First, we identify potential accident scenarios and present them in an event tree format. Next, excluding human error, we use the event tree to roughly estimate the prior probability of other hazard-promoting factors using a minimal amount of field data. We then use the Success Likelihood Index Method(SLIM) to calculate the probability of human error. On the basis of the proposed event tree, we use the Bayesian network of the provided scenarios to compensate for the lack of data. Finally, we determine the resulting probability of each event based on its evidence in the epistemic estimation format by building on two Bayesian network types: the probability of hazard promotion factors and the Bayesian theory. The study results indicate that despite the lack of available information on the operation of floating objects, a satisfactory result can be achieved using epistemic data.

Dynamic Risk-Warning of Center Diaphragm and Bench Composite Method During Construction

During the construction of subway tunnels,safety issues should not be ignored,so it is necessary to prevent and resolve the risk in time and accurately.However,there are some shortcomings in the research of risk assessment,such as the subjectivity of initial data or the lack of scientific evaluation model,in order to solve the problem,this paper relies on the Changping section of the Guanhui Intercity Metro,in order to establish a dynamic risk-warn-ing model for the construction process of subway tunnel with the CD-Bench composite method.First,a monitor-ing plan was equationted according to the specification requirements and the actual situation of the project,and based on this,an evaluation index system was established from five aspects:geological and support conditions,crown settlement,clearance convergence,and ground settlement and building settlement.Secondly,according to the established risk evaluation standards,the risk level of the index is determined by introducing extension theory and determining the combined weight of the index based on the distance function.Finally,feedback the corresponding risk-warning signals and take control measures.Through the application analysis shows that the model can alarm the risks during the tunnel construction process directly and timely,so the model is feasible and practical,and it is worthy of popularization and application in similar projects.