Simulation of Gas-Water Two-Phase Flow in Tight Gas Reservoirs Considering the Gas Slip Effect

A mathematical model for the gas-water two-phase flow in tight gas reservoirs is elaborated.The model can account for the gas slip effect,stress sensitivity,and high-speed non-Darcy factors.The related equations are solved in the framework of a finite element method.The results are validated against those obtained by using the commercial software CMG(Computer Modeling Group software for advanced recovery process simulation).It is shown that the proposed method is reliable.It can capture the fracture rejection characteristics of tight gas reservoirs better than the CMG.A sensitivity analysis of various control factors(initial water saturation,reservoir parameters,and fracturing parameters)affecting the production in tight gas wells is conducted accordingly.Finally,a series of theoretical arguments are provided for a rational and effective development/exploitation of tight sandstone gas reservoirs.

Experimental analysis of the slip sinkage effect based on real vehicle test

To improve the semi-empirical model, the slip sinkage effect is analyzed based on the real vehicle test. A dynamic testing system is used to gain the dynamic responses of wheel-soil interactions, The Gauss-Newton algorithm is adopted to estimate the undetermined parameters involved in the slip sinkage models. Wong＇s original model is compared with three typical slip sinkage models on the prediction performance of a drawbar pull. The maximum error rate, root mean squared error and correlation coefficient are utilized to evaluate the performance. The results indicate that the slip sinkage models outperform Wong＇s model and greatly improve the prediction accuracy. Lyasko＇s model is confirmed as an outstanding one for its comprehensive performance. Hence, the existence of the slip sinkage effect is validated. Lyasko＇s model is selected as an optimal one for the practical evaluation of military vehicle trafficability.

Flow behavior in microchannel made of different materials with wall slip velocity and electro-viscous effects

In a microfluidic system, flow slip velocity on a solid wall can be the same order of magnitude as the average velocity in a microchannel. The flow-electricity interaction in a complex microfluidic system subjected to joint action of wall slip and electro-viscous effect is an important topic. This paper presents an analytic solution of pressuredriven liquid flow velocity and flow-induced electric field in a two-dimensional microchannel made of different materials with wall slip and electro-viscous effects. The Poisson- Boltzmann equation and the Navier-Stokes equation are solved for the analytic solutions. The analytic solutions agree well with the numerical solutions. It was found that the wall slip amplifies the fow-induced electric field and enhances the electro-viscous effect on flow. Thus the electro-viscous effect can be significant in a relatively wide microchannel with relatively large kh, the ratio of channel width to thickness of electric double layer, in comparison with the channel without wall slip.

Closed-form solution for shear lag effects of steel-concrete composite box beams considering shear deformation and slip

Based on the consideration of longitudinal warp caused by shear lag effects on concrete slabs and bottom plates of steel beams,shear deformation of steel beams and interface slip between steel beams and concrete slabs,the governing differential equations and boundary conditions of the steel-concrete composite box beams under lateral loading were derived using energy-variational method.The closed-form solutions for stress,deflection and slip of box beams under lateral loading were obtained,and the comparison of the analytical results and the experimental results for steel-concrete composite box beams under concentrated loading or uniform loading verifies the closed-form solution.The investigation of the parameters of load effects on composite box beams shows that:1) Slip stiffness has considerable impact on mid-span deflection and end slip when it is comparatively small;the mid-span deflection and end slip decrease significantly with the increase of slip stiffness,but when the slip stiffness reaches a certain value,its impact on mid-span deflection and end slip decreases to be negligible.2) The shear deformation has certain influence on mid-span deflection,and the larger the load is,the greater the influence is.3) The impact of shear deformation on end slip can be neglected.4) The strain of bottom plate of steel beam decreases with the increase of slip stiffness,while the shear lag effect becomes more significant.

Slip effects on shearing flows in a porous medium

This paper deals with the magnetohydrodynamic （MHD） flow of an Oldroyd 8-constant fluid in a porous medium when no-slip condition is no longer valid. Modified Darcy＇s law is used in the flow modelling. The non-linear differential equation with non-linear boundary conditions is solved numerically using finite difference scheme in combination with an iterative technique. Numerical results are obtained for the Couette, Poiseuille and generalized Couette flows. The effects of slip parameters on the velocity profile are discussed.

Influence of permeation effect on themicrofabric of the slip zone soils: A case study from the Huangtupolandslide

This study aims to investigate the correlation between the permeation effect and microfabric of the slip zone soils with Huangtupo landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir as the study case. Based on the permeability test and scanning electron microscope(SEM) images analysis, the fractal theory and probability entropy are used to quantify the characteristics of the remodeling specimens. First, the relationships between initial moisture content(IMC) and microstructure of the soil(percentage of particle area(PPA), pore roundness(Rp)) before and after permeability test are summarized. Then, the fractal dimension of the soil(pore distribution(Dpd), pore size(Dps)) are analyzed under the permeation effect. Based on the probability entropy, the entropy of pore(Ep) is used to characterize the porosity orientation, and the rose diagrams are used to show the particle orientation under the permeation effect. Finally, the relationship between the microstructure of the soil and its mechanical property is discussed. Results show that under the permeation effect, the microstructure of the soil has undergone tremendous changes. A flat long pore channel is formed. The order of the pore arrangement is enhanced, and soil particles switch the long axis to parallel infiltration direction to reach a new steady state. It can be inferred that the strength of soil would be weakened if the fractal dimension of soil pore decreases under any external environment.

Effect of slip velocity on Casson thin film flow and heat transfer due to unsteady stretching sheet in presence of variable heat flux and viscous dissipation

The aim of the present paper is to study flow and heat transfer charac- teristics of a viscous Casson thin film flow over an unsteady stretching sheet subject to variable heat flux in the presence of slip velocity condition and viscous dissipation. The governing equations are partial differential equations. They are reduced to a set of highly nonlinear ordinary differential equations by suitable similarity transformations. The re- sulting similarity equations are solved numerically with a shooting method. Comparisons with previous works are macle, and the results are found to be in excellent agreement. In the present work, the effects of the unsteadiness parameter, the Casson parameter, the Eckert number, the slip velocity parameter, and the Prandtl number on flow and heat transfer characteristics are discussed. Also, the local skin-friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number at the stretching sheet are computed and discussed.

Slip on the surface of silicon wafers under laser irradiation:Scale effect

The slip mechanism on the surface of silicon wafers under laser irradiation was studied by numerical simulations and experiments. Firstly, the slip was explained by an analysis of the generalized stacking fault energy and the associated restoring forces. Activation of unexpected {110} slip planes was predicted to be a surface phenomenon. Experimentally,{110} slip planes were activated by changing doping concentrations of wafers and laser parameters respectively. Slip planes were {110} when slipping started within several atomic layers under the surface and turned into {111} with deeper slip.The scale effect was shown to be an intrinsic property of silicon.

SYNCHRONOUS EFFECT OF SLIPPING HEAVY LOADS ON RO-RO SHIP ROLLING IN WAVES

Common effect of wave and slip of internal vehicles will make rolling of the roll-on ship serious. This is one of the important reasons for overturn of ro-ro ships. The multibody system with a floating base is composed of ro-ro ship and slipping vehicles. Takes the rolling angle of the ship and the transverse displacements of the slipping vehicles on desk as freedoms. Making use of the analysis of apparent gravitation and apparent buoyancy, the wave rolling moment is derived. By means of dynamic method of multibody system, dynamic equations of the system are established. Taking a certain channel ferry as an example, a set of numerical calculation have been carried out for rolling response of the multibody system with a floating base of a ro-ro ship and displacements response of the slipping vehicles under common effect of free slipping vehicles and wave, and a conclusion has been drawn that the motion of the numerous free slipping heavy loads will trend to be synchronous under restraining of the side-wall bulkhead with time because of repeated collision.

The roles of stress state and pre-straining on Swift effect for an extruded AZ31 Mg alloy

The Swift effect of Mg alloy is sensitive to initial texture.However,dislocation slip is the main deformation mechanism during torsion of Mg alloy.The underlying relation of Swift effect and dislocation slip is still not clarified.The effect of stress state and pre-straining on Swift effect was studied experimentally during free-end torsion for an extruded AZ31 alloy.The free-end torsion was performed with axial tension and compression stress which is lower than yield stress.It is found that the transition of axial deformation from contraction to elongation occurs when the axial stress changes from negative to positive.The pre-dislocations introduced by pre-tension promote axial shortening during torsion.While the pre-twins introduced by pre-compression are inhibition of axial shortening.The change of axial deformation is attributed to competition between twinning and prismatic slip.The axial shortening of extruded Mg alloy is generated by tensile twinning leading to c-axis strain.In contrast,the axial elongation can be generated by the activation of prismatic slip.The magnitude of axial strain generated by twinning is larger than that by prismatic slip.Moreover,the occurrence of detwinning results in axial elongation at low shear strain.

On the strengthening and slip activity of Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy with pre-induced{1012¯}twins

{1012¯}twins were introduced into the magnesium(Mg)plate AZ31 via pre-rolling along its transverse direction.The plates,both with and without the pre-induced{1012¯}twins,were subjected to uniaxial tension along different directions.Using crystal plasticity modeling,we found that the strengthening effect of the pre-induced{1012¯}twins on the macroscopic flow stress primarily arised from the increased slip resistance caused by the boundaries,rather than the orientation hardening due to the twinning reorientation(although the latter did make its contribution in some specific loading directions).Besides,the pre-existing{1012¯}twins were found,by both experiments and simulation,to promote the activity of prismatic and pyramidal<c+a>in the parent matrix of the material.Further analysis showed that the enhanced non-basal slip activity is related to the{1012¯}twin boundaries’low micro Hall-Petch slope ratios of non-basal slips to basal slip.With the critical resolved shear stress(CRSS)obtained from crystal plasticity modeling and the orientation data from EBSD,a probability-based slip transfer model was proposed.The model predicts higher slip transfer probabilities and thus lower strain concentration tendencies at{1012¯}twin boundaries than that at grain boundaries,which agrees with the experimental observation that the strain localization was primarily associated with the latter.The present findings are helpful scientifically,in deepening our understanding of how the pre-induced{1012¯}twins affect the strength and slip activity of Mg alloys,and technologically,in guiding the design of the pre-strain protocol of Mg alloys.

Numerical Solution for Variable Accelerated Flow Subject to Slip Effect

In this paper, we examine the unsteady magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) flow generated by a disc that is making non-coaxial rotations with a third grade fluid at infinity and moving with a variable acceleration. The fluid is assumed to satisfy slip boundary condition on the disc. The governing equations are three dimensional and highly non-linear in nature. The assumed slip boundary condition is non-linear as well. The governing equations are transformed to a nonlinear boundary value problem which is solved numerically. Comparison of this generalized problem with uniformly accelerated disk satisfying no slip condition is made. Variations of the characterizing dimensionless parameters such as slip parameter λ, acceleration parameter c, unsteady parameter τ, third grade parameter β, suction parameter S, and magnetic parameter N on the flow field are discussed and analyzed graphically.

Reiner-Rivlin nanomaterial heat transfer over a rotating disk with distinct heat source and multiple slip effects

The thermodynamic features of the Reiner-Rivlin nanoliquid flow induced by a spinning disk are analyzed numerically.The non-homogeneous two-phase nanofluid model is considered to analyze the effect of nanoparticles on the thermodynamics of the Reiner-Rivlin nanomaterial,which also includes a temperature-dependent heat source(THS)and an exponential space-dependent heat source(ESHS).Further,the transfer of heat and mass is analyzed with velocity slip,volume fraction jump,and temperature jump boundary conditions.The finite difference method-based routine is used to solve the complicated differential equations formed after using the von-Karman similarity technique.Limiting cases of the present problem are found to be in good agreement with benchmarking studies.The relationship of the pertinent parameters with the heat and mass transport is scrutinized using correlation,which is further evaluated based on the probable error estimates.Multivariable models are fitted for the friction factor at the disk and heat transport,which accurately predict the dependent variables.The Reiner-Rivlin nanoliquid temperature is influenced comparatively more by the ESHS than by THS.The Nusselt number is decreased by the ESHS and THS,whereas the friction factor at the disk is predominantly decremented by the wall roughness aspect.The increment in the non-Newtonian characteristic of the liquid leads more fluid to drain away in the radial direction far from the disk compared with the fluid nearby the disk in the presence of the centrifugal force during rotation.The increased thermal and volume fraction slip lowers the nanoliquid temperature and nanoparticle volume fraction profiles.

Natural convection flow of a couple stress fluid between two vertical parallel plates with Hall and ion-slip effects

The Hall and ion-slip effects on fully developed electrically conducting couple stress fluid flow between vertical parallel plates in the presence of a temperature dependent heat source are investigated. The governing non-linear partial differential equations are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. The resulting equations are then solved using the homotopy analysis method （HAM）. The effects of the magnetic parameter, Hall parameter, ion-slip parameter and couple stress fluid parameter on velocity and temperature are discussed and shown graphically

基岩油气成藏特征与中国陆上深层基岩油气勘探方向

基于全球基岩油气藏数据库和中国基岩油气藏解剖,深入分析基岩油气成藏特征,探讨深层基岩油气成藏的有利条件和勘探方向。研究表明:全球已发现的基岩油气田主要分布在埋深小于4500 m的中浅层,层位以太古宇和前寒武系为主,储集层岩性以花岗岩和变质岩为主;规模较大的基岩油气田主要分布在中新生代构造运动活跃的裂谷盆地、弧后盆地和前陆盆地。基岩油气成藏特征主要表现为:(1)以孔隙-裂缝型低孔特低渗储集层为主,非均质性强,强抗压实作用导致储集层物性不受埋深控制,规模成储期为盆地基底风化剥蚀期及后期构造改造期;(2)他源供烃,成藏组合可划分为烃源岩-基岩接触型和烃源岩-基岩分离型两大类;(3)烃源岩异常高压和基岩储集层常压-低压,导致烃源岩与储集层之间存在较大的压力差,有利于深层基岩抽吸成藏。基底构造活动性、成藏组合关系、深大断裂(尤其走滑断裂)发育程度及区域性盖层等是深层基岩选区评价的主要参数;古老克拉通盆地陆内裂谷边缘的前寒武系结晶基底、紧邻生烃凹陷的古生代褶皱基底和中新生代块断基底,均具有较好的成藏条件,是未来深层基岩油气勘探的主要方向。

界面改性提高碳酸盐岩有水气藏渗流能力

针对碳酸盐岩有水气藏水侵大幅度降低产量的问题,采用界面改性剂(硅烷偶联剂)对碳酸盐岩表面进行超疏水改性,通过室内多孔介质流动实验对比研究了界面改性前后对水相、气相及气液两相渗流能力的影响。结果表明,在界面改性剂质量分数为3%时,改性后的碳酸盐岩与自来水的接触角为153°,碳酸盐岩的界面达到超疏水状态。与改性前(接触角为0°)相比,超疏水状态的碳酸盐岩在单相恒压(0.05~0.40 MPa)注入条件下,单独水相渗流速度可提高72.1%~85.9%,单独气相的渗流速度可提高52.9%~72.5%;在气相恒压(0.3 MPa)、水相恒流(0.05~0.20 mL/min)的两相流条件下,填砂管流出端的出液时间可降低41.0%~47.4%,气相渗流速度可提高102.1%~104.5%;在气相及水相均为恒压(0.07~0.30 MPa)的两相流条件下,碳酸盐岩界面改性为超疏水时,水相进入孔隙中的量可降低75.6%~100.0%,气相渗流速度可提高111.1%~200.0%。通过对有水气藏近井地带进行超疏水界面改性,水相在孔隙中的毛细管力变为阻力,可以有效阻止地层水进入近井地带孔隙,降低水侵程度;同时,可降低气相在孔隙表面的黏性摩擦力,水相在界面产生“滑移效应”,降低气相及水相渗流阻力,最终提高气藏产量。

基于CT扫描技术的煤样三维重构及气体表观渗透率研究

基于CT扫描技术对煤样扫描成像,并进行滤波和二值化处理,获取孔裂隙尺寸、孔隙率等特征参数。通过盒维法计算煤样的分形维数,推导煤样孔裂隙的平均迂曲度及迂曲度维数。结合分形理论和克努森数,推导煤体中经滑移修正的气体表观渗透率模型并进行验证。通过ANASY有限元软件研究煤体中的瓦斯渗流规律。结果表明,瓦斯在孔裂隙弯折处压力变化剧烈,渗流速度在孔裂隙弯折处达到最大,瓦斯在个别孔隙发生凝滞、不流通。采用经过滑移修正的气体表观渗透率模型计算瓦斯表观渗透率,并与通过Forchheimer公式拟合得到的瓦斯表观渗透率及通过FT模型计算得到的瓦斯表观渗透率相比较,发现经过滑移修正后的气体表观渗透率模型适用于微尺度介质中气体表观渗透率研究。

新型可拆卸式钢-UHPC组合板的抗弯性能

为探究钢-薄层超高性能混凝土(ultra-high performance concrete,UHPC)轻型组合桥面体系在局部轮载下的抗弯性能,设计并开展了4块基于高强螺栓连接的可拆卸式钢-UHPC组合板的四点弯曲试验,研究了钢板类型、抗剪连接件间距对可拆卸式钢-UHPC组合板的破坏模式、荷载-挠度曲线、界面相对滑移、裂缝宽度、截面应变分布等影响规律,研究结果表明:在正弯矩荷载作用下,采用Q355钢板的组合板的破坏模式为高强螺栓被剪断,而采用负泊松比(negative Poisson’s ratio,NPR)钢板的组合板的破坏模式为部分高强螺栓被剪断、部分预埋带垫加长螺母被拔出、UHPC板由于失稳大面积压溃等;在相同的高强螺栓间距下,采用NPR钢板的组合板的板端相对滑移较小,说明NPR钢板有效延缓并限制了钢板与UHPC板的相对滑移,从而提升两者的协同变形能力,继而提高组合板的抗弯刚度及承载力等;由截面应变分析可知,由于NPR钢板的负泊松比效应、高刚度、高屈服强度,整个加载过程NPR钢板与底部UHPC层的拉应变保持着应变协调性,随着荷载的增大截面塑性中和轴的上移幅度可忽略不计。因此,在采用NPR钢板提升钢-UHPC组合板抗弯性能的前提下,应使UHPC厚度与NPR钢板的性能进行匹配,充分发挥两者的材料性能,避免失稳破坏先于UHPC材料强度破坏。

多梁式波形钢腹板工字钢组合梁荷载横向分布系数研究

为探讨多梁式波形钢腹板工字钢组合梁横向分布系数计算方法,同时考虑波形钢腹板抗扭刚度、剪切变形及钢混滑移效应,对传统的偏心压力法、修正偏心压力法及刚接梁法进行修正,并结合有限元模型通过一座典型的4主梁波形钢腹板工字钢组合梁桥对比分析了上述方法的适用性,最后基于参数分析研究了横隔板数量及刚度对其横向荷载分布系数的影响。结果表明,考虑剪切变形及滑移效应的刚接梁法得到的荷载横向分布系数与有限元值符合最好;当桥梁宽跨比小于2时,宜采用刚接梁法计算各主梁荷载横向分布系数,当宽跨比大于2时,宜采用更为简洁的修正偏心压力法进行计算;横隔板的设置可改善各主梁荷载横向均匀分布,但跨间横隔板间距和刚度对其荷载横向分布系数影响较小,实桥设计时可仅在端部及跨中位置布置横隔板,横隔板刚度及其余部位横隔板数量可根据结构稳定性要求进行布置。

考虑滑移的钢-混凝土组合箱梁畸变效应研究

通过引入滑移转角位移函数,建立考虑滑移的畸变翘曲正应力,基于势能驻值原理,推导考虑滑移效应的畸变微分方程。定义了一个畸变的滑移影响系数κ,此系数仅与混凝土与钢材材料特性、栓钉类型及栓钉布置形式有关,并给出均布荷载和集中荷载作用下的微分方程初参数解。建立一个考虑滑移的钢-混凝土组合箱梁的Ansys有限元模型,均布荷载作用下畸变应力与畸变角与本文理论吻合良好,验证了本文理论的正确性。将考虑滑移与不考虑滑移的结果进行对比,分析表明,均布荷载作用下考虑滑移的畸变角与畸变翘曲均小于不考虑滑移的情况,且考虑滑移的畸变角更加接近于有限元计算结果。重新定义了考虑滑移的畸变矩和畸变双力矩且考虑滑移影响的结果均大于不考虑滑移的结果。