Efficient Organic Multi-quantum Well Electroluminescent Devices Using Aluminum as Cathodes

Organic green light emitting devices(LEDs) with multi-quantum well(MQW) structure were fabricated. Aromatic diamine(TPD) was used as hole-transporting layer and potential barrier layer; Tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum(Alq 3) was acted as electron-transporting emitter and MQW green emitter. Air-stable aluminum(Al) was used as electron-injection contact. The influence of the thickness of potential barrier layer and the number of quantum well on the electroluminescent(EL) efficiencies of the devices was investigated. The organic LEDs with two quantum wells showed enhanced EL efficiencies. Maximum external quantum efficiency and brightness were 1.04 % and 7 000 cd/m 2, respectively.

Evaluation of a developed bypass viscous damper performance

In this study,the dynamic behavior of a developed bypass viscous damper is evaluated.Bypass viscous damper has a flexible hose as an external orifice through which the inside fluid transfer from one side to the other side of the inner piston.Accordingly,the viscosity coficient of the damper can be adjusted using geometrical dimensions of the hose.Moreover,the external orifice acts as a thermal compensator and alleviates viscous heating of the damper.According to experimental results,Computational Fluid Dynamic(CFD)model,a numerical formula and the simplified.Maxwell model are found and assessed;therefore,the verification of numerical and computational models are evaluated for simulating.Also,a simplifed procedure is proposed to design structures with bypass viscous dampers.The design procedure is applied to design an 8-story hospital structure with bypass viscous dampers,and it is compared with the same structure,which is designed with concentric braces and without dampers.Nonlinear time history analyses revealed that the hospital with viscous damper experiences less structural inelastic demands and fewer story accelerations which mean fewer demands on nonstructural elements.Moreover,seismic behaviors of nonstructural masonry claddings are also compared in the cases of hospital structure with and without dampers.

Synergistic Effects of External Electric Field and Solvent Vapor Annealing with Different Polarities to Enhance β-Phase and Carrier Mobility of the Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene)Films

In this work,the synergistice efects of external electric field(EEF)and solvent vapor annealing to enhanceβ-phase and carrier mobility of poly(9,9-dioctylfuorene)(PFO)films were investigated.It is found that EEF can promote the PFOβ-phase conformation transition and orientate the PFO chains along the EEF direction with the as-sistance of polar solvent vapor annealing.PFO chain orderness is closely related to the solvent polarity.In particular,the B-phase content in the annealed film of strong polar chloroform vapor increases from 18.7%to 34.9%after EEF treatment.Meanwhile a characteristic needle-like crystal is formed in the flm,as a result,the hole mobility is en-hanced by an order of magnitude.The mechanism can be attributed to the fast polarization of solvent dipole under the action of EEF,thus forming a driving force that greatly facilitates the orientation of PFO dipole unit.Research also reveals that EEF driving of the PFO chains does not occur with an insoluble solvent vapor since the solvent molecules cannot swell the film,thus there is insufficient free volume for PFO chains to adjust their conformation.This research enriches the understanding of the relationship between solvent vapor annealing and EEF in orientation polymers,and this method is simple and controlled,and capable of integrating into large-area thin film process,which provides new insights to manufacture low-cost and highly ordered polymer films,and is of great significance to enhance carrier mobility and efficiency of photoelectric devices based on polymer condensed matter physics.