Mass-transport Deposits of the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation, Songliao Terrestrial Basin, Northeast China: Depositional Characteristics, Recognition Criteria and External Geometry

Extensive mass transport deposits（MTDs）, which form a significant component of the stratigraphic record in ancient and modern deep water systems, mostly distributed in the continental margin of ocean basins worldwide. To date, no large-scale MTDs have been found in Chinese terrestrial basins. Based on integrated analysis of the seismic, drilling, core and logging data, this article report MTDs have been found in Songliao terrestrial basin（SLTB）, Northeast China. During the depositional period of the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation, slope break of lacustrine basins was an ideal discharge place for gravity depositions. Regional sedimentary study of MTDs reveals that Cretaceous-age MTDs in SLTB were deposited in slope-break environments by slide, slump and debris flow, and MTDs were mixed with little turbidite simultaneously. Besides the massive aspect, key features of MTDs are the common presence of deformational structures or softsedimentary deformation, floating shale clasts, boudins, microfaults, distortion beddings, rotated sand debris. Detailed mapping of two three-dimensional（3-D） seismic surveys acquired in Yingtai（YT） and Haituozi（HTZ） areas reveals that MTDs are characterized by chaotic, mounded, and transparent seismic reflection. Growth fault, slope gully and geomorphology of the slope break greatly influenced the sedimentary process and external geometry of MTDs, and as a consequence, MTDs in SLTB exhibit classic fan-like geometry and some special（non-fan-like） external geometry. Furthermore, fanlike MTDs can be divided into three subcategories, including isolated fan, mother-son fan and stacked fan. Non-fan-like MTDs can be divided into two subcategories, strip-like MTDs and faulted-pit MTDs. A new sedimentary model has been built for MTDs in SLTB. MTDs have become a new exploration and development target in the SLTB.

Influence of external circulation on sludge characteristics during start-up of internal circulation reactor

The start-up of external circulationadded internal circulation(IC) reactor was finished in 26 d, 32 d fewer than that of IC reactor. To evaluate the influence of the added external circulation on the development of granular sludge, the characteristics of the granular sludge taken from the two tested laboratory-scale reactors during start-up were studied. The results show that the added external circulation can enhance biomass granulation, accelerate granule development and improve sludge characteristics. At the end of start-up, the granular size of sludge in external circulation-added IC reactor greatly increases with a size distribution much better than that of sludge in IC reactor. The granular sludge originated from external circulationadded IC reactor contains more extracellular polymers and has a greater settling velocity than that from IC reactor. Methanogenic activity of the granular sludge from the external circulationadded IC reactor started 26 d ago reaches 358.23mL·g -1 ·d -1 , 1.66 and 1.20 times as great as that of the sludge from the IC reactor started 26 d and 58 d ago respectively.

Analysis of the Flow Field Characteristics Associated with the Dynamic Rock Breaking Process Induced by a Multi-Hole Combined External Rotary Bit

The characteristics of the flow field associated with a multi-hole combined external rotary bit have been studied by means of numerical simulation in the framework of an RNG k-εturbulence model,and compared with the results of dedicated rock breaking drilling experiments.The numerical results show that the nozzle velocity and dynamic pressure of the nozzle decrease with an increase in the jet distance,and the axial velocity of the nozzle decays regularly with an increase in the dimensionless jet distance.Moreover,the axial velocity related to the nozzle with inclination angle 20°and 30°can produce a higher hole depth,while the radial velocity of the nozzle with 60°inclination can enlarge the hole diameter.The outcomes of the CFD simulations are consistent with the actual dynamic rock breaking and pore forming process,which lends credence to the present results and indicates that they could be used as a reference for the future optimization of systems based on the multi-hole combined external rotary bit technology.

Stability characteristics of ring-stiffened cylindrical shells under different longitudinal and transverse external pressures

Because ring-stiffened cylindrical shell structures have many merits, they are widely used in many areas. However, as the strength of steel increase continuously, ensuring of the structure stability is becoming more and more important. Therefore, it is necessary to carry on a more particular analysis. Based on the understanding and analysis of the characteristics of stability for a ring-stiffened cylindrical shell under uniform external pressure and under external single pressure, the characteristics under different cross uniform external pressures are analyzed, and the regularity of it is also gotten. The curve of stability given various geometrical parameters under different cross uniform external pressures is protracted by the analysis of the theory. The conclusion not only improves the theory structural mechanics, it also was important effects on engineering calculation and design.

LOW RCS MODIFIED DESIGN OF EXTERNAL CARRIAGE AND ANALYSIS OF ITS SCATTERING CHARACTERISTIC

An external carriage and a wing have a high radar cross section (RCS) level in a wide range of angles of pitch because they form an efficient corner reflector. Coupling scattering between the external carriage and the wing is controlled by designing a saw tooth structure of the external carriage on condition that the wing structure is not changed. A low RCS saw tooth scheme of the external carriage is given in the paper. The ray tracing method and the physical theory of diffraction are used to calculate the radar scattering characteristics of low RCS structures of the external carriage and wing. The results show that the saw tooth scheme of the external carriage is feasible and effective for low RCS design.

Spectral Characteristic of Phosgene in External Electric Field

Phosgene is highly toxic, and it plays a role in the depletion of the ozone layer. The ground state geometric structure and spectral characteristic of phosgene in various external electric fields were calculated via the density-functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) with the B3LYP/6-31+G(d) basis set. With external electric field, the structure of phosgene changed significantly. With increasing electric field, the bond lengths of 1C-3Cl and 1C-4Cl increased;the total energy and energy gap initially increased and then decreased, whereas the dipole moment initially decreased and then increased. Most of the IR vibrational frequencies were redshifted. The wavelength of the singlet excited state increased, reflecting a red shift, and the oscillator strengths of most transitions belonged to forbidden transitions. These results are of great significance for studying the dissociation of phosgene in external electric field.

Leak Detection of Gas Pipelines Based on Characteristics of Acoustic Leakage and Interfering Signals

When acoustic method is used in leak detection for natural gas pipelines,the external interferences including operation of compressor and valve,pipeline knocking,etc.,should be distinguished with acoustic leakage signals to improve the accuracy and reduce false alarms.In this paper,the technologies of extracting characteristics of acoustic signals were summarized.The acoustic leakage signals and interfering signals were measured by experiments and the characteristics of time-domain,frequency-domain and time-frequency domain were extracted.The main characteristics of time-domain are mean value,root mean square value,kurtosis,skewness and correlation function,etc.The features in frequency domain were obtained by frequency spectrum analysis and power spectrum density,while time-frequency analysis was accomplished by short time Fourier transform.The results show that the external interferences can be removed effectively by the characteristics of time domain,frequency domain and time-frequency domain.It can be drawn that the acoustic leak detection method can be applied to natural gas pipelines and the characteristics can help reduce false alarms and missing alarms.

大气隙外笼型转子磁力耦合器设计及性能研究

采用Halbach单侧聚磁特性,设计出了一种大气隙外笼型转子磁力耦合器(Long Air Gap External-cage Rotor Magnetic Coupler,LAEMC),并分析了其运行特性、调速特性及散热特性,推导出LAEMC电磁转矩解析表达式,据此分析了结构参数对电磁转矩的影响,得出了不同磁化比的Halbach结构对LAEMC电磁转矩的影响规律;根据LAEMC的运行特性,分析了其在离心式负载、恒功率负载及恒转矩负载的调速特性,表明其仅适合离心式负载调速并具有良好的节能效果;在离心式负载转差率为33%处的最大功率损耗点对LAEMC进行热仿真计算,得到永磁体工作温度约为60℃,而通过气隙与之相隔的笼条温度约为360℃,两者温度差达300℃以上,表明所提出的大气隙外笼型转子磁力耦合器———LAEMC在离心式负载上既具有良好的运行特性也具有良好的隔热效果。

通信激光器及其调制技术研究进展

在光通信领域,激光器及其调制带宽、调制速率对无线光通信至关重要。对半导体激光器信号的调制方式主要有内调制和外调制两种。这两种调制技术具有各自的特点,适用于光纤通信中的不同领域,都是当前重要的研究热点。内调制激光器又称为直接调制激光器,因其具有高速传输以及低成本的特点,成为目前应用在第五代移动通信技术(5G)前传和数据中心中的高性价比光源。而外调制激光器不存在光源附加的Chirp,所以可以有效地克服光纤色散造成的复合二次差拍(CSB)失真。文章在回顾通信激光器及其调制技术发展历程的基础上,介绍了西安理工大学在该领域所做的工作以及取得的主要进展。针对半导体激光器发生非线性失真的内外因素进行讨论,仿真响应特性各参数、线性化补偿方法以及功率控制系统对光发射器件输出光源的作用,并分析了温度的起伏对激光器和调制器件输出功率产生的影响。采用折射率椭球基本理论和数值分析,分别在纵向和横向调制下,讨论出射光强随温度的变化趋势。结果表明,纵向调制下出射光光强随温度的变化趋势只与铌酸锂(LN)晶体折射率的变化有关;横向调制下出射光光强随温度的变化趋势不仅要受到晶体折射率的影响,还要受到晶体尺寸及其膨胀系数的影响,因此可以利用特殊尺寸的晶体来提高电光调制器的温度稳定性。

CFRP及EWSS复合加固震损双层高架桥框架式桥墩恢复力模型研究

为研究碳纤维布(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer,CFRP)及外包型钢(Externally Wrapped Steel Section,EWSS)复合加固震损双层高架桥框架式桥墩的恢复力模型,对1榀原型对比试件、1榀无预损加固试件和2榀遭受不同地震损伤加固试件进行了低周往复加载破坏试验,获取了滞回曲线并提取骨架曲线,分析其滞回特性,提出一种弹性段和强化段为双折线、下降段为指数函数且考虑初始损伤的骨架曲线模型;采用试验数据回归拟合方法,定量描述了试件滞回曲线卸载刚度的退化规律,考虑了同级加载承载力退化和定点指向特征,建立了恢复力模型。研究结果表明:复合加固试件滞回曲线捏缩现象明显,呈倒S型,各滞回环分别相交于骨架曲线上正向、负向荷载为屈服荷载0.25倍的点,峰值荷载后EWSS产生包辛格效应;所提出的骨架曲线模型对中度震损和重度震损加固试件下降段指数函数的参数k建议取值分别为3.6和3.4;所建立的骨架曲线模型和恢复力模型计算结果与试验实测结果吻合较好,可为该类结构弹塑性地震反应分析提供依据。

篮球运动员的比赛负荷特征及其训练启示

比赛负荷特征反映了运动员参赛时的竞技需求,能够为教练员制定与实施训练计划提供关键信息。通过运用文献研究法,综合国内外相关文献,系统探讨篮球比赛运动员的内外部负荷特征,并总结训练启示。相关研究指出篮球运动员的比赛负荷包括外部负荷与内部负荷,外部负荷特征:相对于高强度的跑动和跳跃,运动员低强度和中等强度跑动频次更高;前锋和中锋运动员的中高强度跑动频次较高,后卫运动员的总跑动频次最高;竞技水平越高,高强度跑动的频次更高,跑动持续时间更长;前锋运动员跑动距离大于后卫、中锋。内部负荷特征:前锋和后卫运动员的有氧和无氧能力优于中锋;后卫运动员的平均心率、血乳酸值高于前锋和中锋;运动员竞技水平越高,其每分钟心率越低;上半场比赛运动员的乳酸生成量高于下半场。训练启示:基于比赛负荷特征,训练安排要契合运动员的比赛负荷诉求;基于外部负荷特征,训练安排要强化运动员的跑动强度频次;基于内部负荷特征,训练调控要依据运动员的负荷监控指标;通过增加训练难度,促进运动员训练负荷适度超越比赛负荷。

内毒病之证候学特征探讨

古今议毒,论其病因病机及治法方药者众,而究其证候学特征者寡,实为毒病学理之薄弱环节。本文基于内毒病“内毒蓄损”之核心病机,探索总结出局部与全身、有形与无形之毒的临床外象及其病性浊秽、病位广泛、附生兼夹、胶痼难效等证候学特征。并对其内涵与临床意义进行了阐释,为充实完善内毒病之诊疗体系及辨证规范化抛砖引玉。

内抹调湿砂浆外墙吸放湿特性及对负荷影响分析

本文从建筑围护结构节能出发,以内抹WSE(木质纤维Wood fibre、海泡石Sepio⁃lite、膨胀珍珠岩Expanded perlite)基复合调湿保温砂浆外墙为研究对象,将其与内抹普通砂浆外墙对比,分析吸放湿特性及其对负荷的影响.研究使用COMSOL Multiphysics有限元软件的建筑材料热湿耦合模型,分析环境湿度变化与外墙之间的湿迁移变化,以及与外墙的传热传质.以夏热冬冷典型气候地区长沙为例,分析内抹WSE基复合调湿保温砂浆外墙的负荷及潜热负荷占比,同时选取夏热冬暖地区广州和寒冷地区北京对比分析外墙的全年能耗.研究发现,内抹WSE基复合调湿保温砂浆外墙的吸放湿速率远大于内抹普通砂浆的外墙,并能长时间保持高速的吸放湿状态,同时比内抹普通砂浆墙体节省22.31%~23.85%的全年负荷.墙体在吸湿过程中,温升与吸湿速率能力体现出一致性,表明墙体内表面湿迁移对温度有着重要影响,并且湿迁移越大对温度影响越大.墙体在放湿过程中,温度迅速下降是放湿速率快的表现.内抹WSE基复合调湿保温砂浆墙体具有优良的吸放湿特性和节能潜力,可用于建筑围护结构节能.

泵用微连通对称双卸荷槽及其困油与流量特性

为了充分提高外啮合齿轮泵的困油性能和完善双卸荷槽的现有设置理论,提出了一种双卸荷槽微连通对称设置的创新结构,并以常规无连通对称设置的双矩形卸荷槽为例,依次给出了创新结构的实现方法,构建了困油压力和理论流量的计算模型,比较分析了常规结构和创新结构下的困油压力、排量损失以及流量脉动质量等。结果表明:啮合点位置越接近最小困油容积位置,创新结构下的卸荷面积越大,突出解决了常规结构下该处的零卸荷面积问题;通过充分缓和常规结构下的困油压力,创新结构有效地避免了困油的高压冲击与低压气穴所造成的危害;相对于常规结构,创新结构的理论排量稍有下降,流量脉动有所加剧等。研究结果可为齿轮泵的优化设计提供参考。

考虑制动意图识别的四驱电动汽车制动控制策略

为进一步提高制动能量回收率,考虑不同工况下驾驶员不同制动意图所需的制动效果,提出了一种四驱电动汽车制动控制策略。首先,针对常规制动工况,基于常规制动意图识别,从制动能量回收率、稳定性和安全性角度分别设计控制策略;其次,针对滑行工况下的不同滑行制动意图,判断电机制动力是否介入及何时介入,并根据驾驶员所需的滑行距离计算电机制动力的大小;然后,由台架试验获得前后电机外特性并建立前后电机最优利用效率模型;最后,利用Carsim和Simulink进行了联合仿真分析。仿真结果表明,在新欧洲驾驶循环(New European Driving Cycle,NEDC)工况下,与并联控制策略相比,能量回收率提升了13.64百分点;在滑行工况下可有效识别驾驶员需求滑行距离,提升了整车滑行经济性。

叶顶间隙对螺旋混流式喷水推进泵内流及推进特性的影响

喷水推进泵是舰船泵喷推进系统的核心部件,喷水推进泵在工作过程中,叶顶间隙处所产生的泄漏流会严重影响混流泵的工作性能。为了探讨叶轮叶顶间隙对喷水推进泵推进特性的影响,本文定义了叶顶间隙系数τ,设计了六种不同叶顶间隙系数模型并使用Ansys进行仿真分析,最终得到叶顶间隙对于喷水推进泵内流以及推进特性的影响规律。结果表明:随着叶顶间隙系数的增大,叶顶间隙处泄漏流逐渐增加,泄漏涡影响范围变大,轴向推力随着叶顶间隙系数的增大呈负指数下降,叶顶间隙处泄漏量随指数上升,喷水推进泵内流损失增加,推进效率持续减小,并且在大流量工况下叶顶间隙对喷水推进泵推进特性影响最大,在设计的六套模型中,叶顶间隙系数为0.08,叶顶间隙为0.16mm时效率最高。通过本文的研究可以发现,叶顶间隙对于喷水推进泵内流以及推进特性影响较大,在设计时应尽量减小叶顶间隙。

液压挖掘机履带底盘多模态振动抑制算法研究

针对液压挖掘机工作时特定单一模态的振动处理存在能耗高、适应性差等问题,提出液压挖掘机履带底盘多模态振动抑制算法。明确液压挖掘机履带底盘的外部激励,完成液压挖掘机履带底盘的多模态因素分析。在此基础上,利用分离变量法研究各个激励源对振动响应的影响,了解各个模态的振动特性。结合履带底盘自由振动的固有频率与模态振型,得到履带底盘在不同模态下的自然振动特性和振动形态,提供优化振动控制策略的依据。根据液压挖掘机履带底盘的特性设计与等效原则,采用多模态振动抑制算法,实现液压挖掘机履带底盘多模态振动抑制。实验结果表明,所提算法可以有效抑制履带底盘多模态振动,且抑制后的俯仰角曲线波动浮动趋于0,能够保证液压挖掘机的平稳运行。

抽水蓄能机组水轮机工况启动过程内部流场分析

本文采用CFD数值模拟的方法,模拟计算了抽水蓄能机组在水轮机工况启动过程内部流场特征。得到了在活动导叶开启过程中的速度、压力随时间的瞬态分布规律,讨论了蓄能机组开启过程中外特性的变化曲线。结果表明:活动导叶的开启规律可以大体分为五个阶段。活动导叶的开启规律是先缓慢开启,然后以较快的速度关闭,最后再保持到空载的开度,从第四阶段,导叶再逐渐打开直到额定开度。转轮扭矩和机组流量呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,当导叶逐渐打开时,转轮扭矩和机组流量再逐渐上升。本文为研究蓄能机组水轮机工况下启动过程的内部流动变化提供了参考依据,同时对提高水轮机工况的启动稳定性具有重要意义。

深海取水管在内外流作用下的动力性能

深海取水管道是一种大长细比、高内流流速的悬垂吸液管道,模拟取水管的真实工作状态,研究在内外流作用下的管道动力性能十分必要。基于小尺度模型试验,研究内外流对管道的动力特性影响。结果表明:大部分工况下,内外流共同作用引起的管道振动幅度和频率主要受外流影响;内外流共同作用下,内流流速增加会导致位移振动主频略微降低,顶部张力增加,管道应变响应减小,但其对振动的应变主导阶数影响较小;管道顶部连接方式、底部配重、浸没水深都会影响管道在内外流作用下的涡激振动特性,即顶部铰接相较于固定连接更容易激发管道涡激振动横流向的高阶模态振动,底部配重在小外流流速下会使管道振动幅值降低,在大外流流速下会使管道振动幅值增大,激发横流向高阶主导频率跃迁,浸没水深增加会使管道振动主导频率降低。研究成果可为实际工程项目中深海取水管的设计提供参考依据。

外挂物气动特性的数值模拟和风洞试验

根据外挂物高、低速风洞测压试验数据和CFD数值仿真模拟,获得了左右侧机翼下外挂物的气动特性。基于“三层次”网格生成技术,利用有限体积法求解带有湍流模型的Navier-Stokes方程,对外挂物扰流流场进行数值模拟,结合高、低速测压风洞试验,验证了研究手段的有效性,分析了不同气动力系数随攻角、侧滑角及马赫数的变化情况。结果表明:高、低速下外挂物升力系数受攻角影响的规律一致;在正侧滑时,机身的遮挡对右机翼下外挂物的侧向力系数和偏航力矩系数的影响较大。