Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor with Asymmetric Rotor for High Torque Performance

Permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor(PMA-SynRM)is a kind of high torque density energy conversion device widely used in modern industry.In this paper,based on the basic topology of PMA-SynRM,a novel PMA-SynRM of asymmetric rotor with position-biased magnet is proposed.The asymmetric rotor design with position-biased magnet realizes the concentration of magnetic field lines in the motor air gap to obtain higher electromagnetic torque,and makes both of magnetic and reluctance torque obtain the peak value at the same current phase angle.The asymmetric rotor configuration is theoretically illustrated by space vector diagram,and the feasibility of high torque performance of the motor is verified.Through the finite element simulation,the effect of the side barrier on output torque and the Mises stress under the rotor asymmetrical design are analyzed.Then the motor characteristics including airgap flux density,back EMF,magnetic torque,reluctance torque,torque ripple,losses,and efficiency are calculated for both the basic and proposed PMA-SynRMs.The results show that the proposed PMA-SynRM has higher torque and efficiency than the basic topology.Moreover,the torque ripple of the proposed PMA-SynRM is reduced by the method with harmonic current injection,and the torque characteristics in the whole current cycle are analyzed.Finally,the endurance to avoid PM demagnetization is confirmed based on the PM remanence calculation.

Analysis of temperature field for a surface-mounted and interior permanent magnet synchronous motor adopting magnetic-thermal coupling method

Aiming at obtaining high power density of surface-mounted and interior permanent magnet synchronous motor(SIPMSM),it is important to accurately calculate the temperature field distribution of SIPMSM,and a magnetic-thermal coupling method is proposed.The magnetic-thermal coupling mechanism is analyzed.The thermal network model and finite element model are built by this method,respectively.The effects of power frequency on iron losses and temperature fields are analyzed by the magnetic-thermal coupling finite element model under the condition of rated load,and the relationship between the load and temperature field is researched under the condition of the synchronous speed.In addition,the equivalent thermal network model is used to verify the magnetic-thermal coupling method.Then the temperatures of various nodes are obtained.The results show that there are advantages in both computational efficiency and accuracy for the proposed coupling method,which can be applied to other permanent magnet motors with complex structures.

Rotor Strength Analysis of High-speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

为了对转子进行有效的冷却，在满足电机电磁性能的前提下，可通过减小保护套的厚度来尽可能增大定转子之间的气隙，因而必须对保护套和永磁体进行强度校核。将转子受力状况简化为平面应变问题，在此基础上推导出了两层过盈配合、三层过盈配合转子的应力场、应变场、位移场的解析公式，并利用有限元方法验证了解析公式的正确性。归纳了高速情况下热套式永磁转子强度设计准则，为转子的优化设计提供了理论依据。以一台额定转速120kr／min、10kW的高速永磁同步电机为例，给出了两种常用过盈配合高速电机转子的强度设计方法。

Temperature Field Analysis of Mine Flameproof Outer Rotor Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Different Cooling Schemes

Aiming at the problem of temperature rise of mine flameproof outer rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor,based on the fluid structure coupling method,the temperature distribution of motor under three cooling schemes of air cooling and water cooling are calculated respectively.For the structure I air cooling system,the influence of different number of heat sink on the maximum temperature rise and pressure drop of fluid channel is analyzed,and the parameters of heat sink are optimized.For the structure II air cooling system,the influence of setting fillet at the turn back of the fluid channel on the head loss in the fluid domain of the motor is analyzed,and the influence of different fillet radius on the head loss and the maximum temperature rise in the fluid domain is obtained.For the structure II water cooling system,the influence of different water flow speed on the maximum temperature rise of the motor is analyzed,and the influence of different assembly clearance of modular stator teeth and yoke on the maximum temperature rise of the motor is analyzed.The cooling effect and temperature rise distribution characteristics of the three cooling schemes are compared and analyzed.Finally,a water-cooled prototype is manufactured,and the temperature rise experiment is carried out,and the influence of the thermal deformation of fluid channel,stator yoke and stator teeth on the maximum temperature of the motor is analyzed.The results show that the calculated temperature field after considering the thermal deformation is closer to the experimental value,which verifies the accuracy of the calculation results,It also provides a reference for the selection and design of the cooling structure of the same type of PMSM electric roller.

Analysis of Temperature Rise in High-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Traction Motors by Coupling the Equivalent Thermal Circuit Method and Computational Fluid Dynamics

To solve the problem of temperature rise caused by the high power density of high-speed permanent magnet synchronous traction motors,the temperature rise of various components in the motor is analyzed by coupling the equivalent thermal circuit method and computational fluid dynamics.Also,a cooling strategy is proposed to solve the problem of temperature rise,which is expected to prolong the service life of these devices.First,the theoretical bases of the approaches used to study heat transfer and fluid mechanics are discussed,then the fluid flow for the considered motor is analyzed,and the equivalent thermal circuit method is introduced for the calculation of the temperature rise.Finally,the stator,rotor loss,motor temperature rise,and the proposed cooling method are also explored through experiments.According to the results,the stator temperature at 50,000 r/min and 60,000 r/min at no-load operation is 68℃ and 76℃,respectively.By monitoring the temperature of the air outlets inside and outside the motor at different speeds,it is also found that the motor reaches a stable temperature rise after 65 min of operation.Coupling of the thermal circuit method and computational fluid dynamics is a strategy that can provide the average temperature rise of each component and can also comprehensively calculate the temperature of each local point.We conclude that a hybrid cooling strategy based on axial air cooling of the inner air duct of the motor and water cooling of the stator can meet the design requirements for the ventilation and cooling of this type of motors.

Multi-Objective Optimization of Surface-Mounted and Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Taguchi Method and Response Surface Method

The surface-mounted and interior permanent magnet synchronous motor(SIPMSM)has the characteristics of multiple variables,strong coupling and nonlinearity.In order to improve the performance of SIPMSM,this paper presents a multi-objective optimal design process using Taguchi and response surface methodology(RSM).The peak value of cogging torque(PVCT),ratio value of average torque and permanent magnet weight(RTW),torque ripple and back-EMF total harmonics distortion(ETHD)are selected as optimization goals.The experiment matrix is established by Taguchi method,and analyzed the tendency and proportion of the effect of the optimization parameters on SIPMSM performance.The rules of choosing multi-objective optimization parameters are obtained.The least-squares method is used to establish the optimal objective function,and RSM is used to obtain the resolutions of the optimization objective function.Comparing the initial performance with optimized performance verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.

一种自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波的永磁同步电机无位置传感器矢量控制

在粗差干扰或噪声统计偏差情况下,扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)对永磁同步电机(PMSM)的速度和转子位置估计存在精度下降问题,为此提出一种基于新息序列的自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波算法(AEKF)。首先,将粗差干扰加入系统观测方程中,分析粗差干扰对系统观测精度的影响。其次,为增强算法的抗扰性能,在新息协方差计算中设置加权系数,通过调整临近时刻的新息协方差阵权重,计算出新息协方差值,并更新到卡尔曼增益的计算。最后,建立AEKF数学模型,并对比粗差干扰与噪声统计出现偏差情况下,AEKF与EKF两种策略的观测性能。仿真和实验结果表明,在粗差干扰或噪声统计信息出现偏差情况下,AEKF算法对永磁同步电机转速的观测具备更强的鲁棒性及更高的预测精度。

齿调制作用下转子开槽对永磁电机电磁振动影响

为了研究齿调制作用下转子表面开槽对永磁同步电机电磁振动的影响,以小功率分数槽集中绕组(FSCW)内置永磁同步电机(IPMSM)为研究对象,通过麦克斯韦应力张量法推导径向电磁力波的频率及空间阶数特征。分析齿调制作用在FSCW-IPMSM中将空间高阶电磁力波调制为低阶电磁力波的过程,并给出转子表面开槽在齿调制作用影响下与电磁振动间的联系。研究表明,转子表面开槽结构的改变会使各次谐波磁场发生变化,进而改变以极数阶电磁力波为代表的高阶电磁力波的幅值。在齿调制作用下,这些高阶电磁力波会被调制为幅值较高的低阶电磁力波,并引起不同幅度的低阶振动。然后建立C型、V型两种不同转子表面开槽结构的10极12槽FSCW-IPMSM电磁及结构有限元分析模型并进行仿真分析。结果表明,极数阶即10阶电磁力波会被调制为2阶并引起2阶振动,且两种不同开槽结构间的电磁振动存在着高达22.1%的差异。最后,在一台10极12槽样机上进行振动实验,验证理论与仿真分析结果。

无人机17kW电机振动噪声分析与巡航转速下尖端噪声优化

随着无人机的迅速发展,噪声问题影响消费者体验及AI交互、语音识别等技术,限制了无人机应用潜力。该文针对一台17 kW无人机用外转子永磁同步电机进行研究。为降低电机尖端振动噪声,且保留原电机电磁性能,重点提出优化磁极和定子开槽的方法。具体以平均转矩、转矩脉动等作为约束条件,构建多目标优化数学模型,并利用混合粒子群优化算法求解。该文深入探讨磁极参数、定子开槽对低阶次径向气隙磁通密度空间谐波特征的影响。并对电机转子模态仿真,以研究径向电磁力与空间模态的作用机理。在多转速情况下,以巡航转速为重点,分析整体电机电磁振动噪声特征。最后,仿真和实验结果表明,电机在巡航转速下的尖端噪声显著减小。验证了优化结构对无人机电机尖端振动噪声有明显抑制作用,对解决无人机噪声问题具有重要意义。

基于LESO的PMSM转子位置估算误差补偿方法

高速永磁同步电机运行中,转子位置精确与否确定了系统运行性能优劣,对于只补偿一拍滞后和零阶保持器引起的角度误差,以及通过与前馈解耦做差获得误差角进行补偿的方法,在精度和动态性等方面性能欠佳。为此,通过分析转子位置估算误差产生原因,推导出误差角的通用型数学模型,提出一种基于线性扩张状态观测器(LESO)的转子位置估算误差补偿方法。基于推导模型设计出一种可提取转子位置误差角的LESO,并采用获得的转子位置误差角进行补偿。此转子位置误差角估算考虑了不同类型非理想因素的影响,以及动态过程中电感电压项对误差角的影响,精度高、动态性好。最后搭建系统实验平台,实验结果表明所提转子位置估算误差补偿方法在精度和动态性方面具有优势。

真空泵用反凸极永磁同步电机设计与性能分析

针对真空泵用驱动电机运行过程中存在转子温度高、散热难的问题,根据真空泵驱动工况的实际要求,设计了一台反凸极永磁同步电机和一台常规永磁同步电机。首先,利用有限元软件,分析了转子磁障尺寸对电机转矩的影响以及磁障层数对电感的影响,从而得出了转子磁障尺寸和磁障层数的合适值;其次,对两台电机的气隙磁密波形、空载反电动势和损耗等电磁性能进行了对比分析;最后,通过仿真对比分析了两台电机的温度场以及两者转子和转轴处的温升。结果表明,相比于常规永磁同步电机,反凸极永磁同步电机的转矩性能更好、转子损耗和转子温升更小,为新产品研发提供了科学的参考依据。

双风冷外转子永磁同步电机不同动密封结构的传热特性

为加强基于定转子双风冷外转子永磁同步电机内部小间隙处密封性的同时保障间隙的散热性,在考虑旋转因素下,利用计算流体力学的方法对电机小间隙处不同迷宫密封结构在不同工况下的流场和传热特性进行数值模拟,通过对间隙处压力、速度的分析,探讨上下间隙处不同迷宫密封结构对电机整体密封性能以及定子侧壁面散热性的影响,并使用泄漏量和努塞尔数作为评价因子对其密封性能和散热性进行评估。结果表明:轴流风扇工况为吸风时更有利于提升电机密封性并同时保障间隙处散热性;在上下定转子间隙处添加迷宫密封的方式可以有效提高电机在双风冷系统下的密封性,且上下间隙处密封结构的压降总和越大,泄漏量越小;间隙处定子侧壁面的平均努塞尔数因迷宫密封的添加会有所下降,并且当来流温度低于壁温时其下降程度随密封结构阻流效果的增大而增大,高于壁温时随密封结构阻流效果、凹槽漩涡强度的减小而增大;相较于无密封结构,定子侧双凹槽结构在提高电机整体密封性的同时有效保障了间隙的散热性,研究结果为外转子永磁同步电机内部间隙处密封和散热结构的设计提供了参考。

基于转子极性判断优化的脉振高频电压注入法

在永磁同步电机零速和低速运行时,采用脉振高频注入法能够准确估计转子位置信息。针对脉振高频注入法无法实现转子极性判断,而传统极性判断方法存在响应时间长、采样和实施过程复杂以及极性误判等问题。文中提出了一种基于正负电压脉冲注入的电机转子极性判断方法。该方法给电机注入正负电压脉冲,并根据对应脉冲的响应电流峰值判断转子极性。脉振高频注入法将转子位置估计值和极性判断结果相结合,可得到准确的转子初始位置。文中通过Simulink仿真验证算法的有效性。仿真结果表明,所提转子极性判断方法能够简化采样方式和算法复杂性,降低判断转子极性的响应时间,使脉振高频注入法能够准确和快速地估计转子初始位置。

基于非线性建模与拟合的永磁同步电机转子初始位置精确估计方法

针对永磁同步电机转子初始位置估计的精度与收敛速度受限问题,提出一种基于高频信号注入的非线性建模与拟合实现的初始位置估计方法。首先,建立初始位置与高频信号响应的关联模型,表明高频响应可用于直接计算初始位置,但直接计算结果在大部分转子位置易受测量噪声的影响。为此,提出基于多项式模型建立位置估计非线性模型,选取合适的模型参数,利用少量测试点拟合该模型,即可实现初始位置的快速精确估计,有效提高了估计精度与系统抗干扰能力。实验与仿真结果表明,相比现有方法,提出的方法易于实现,无需复杂滤波器与观测器设计,仅需要选取少量测试点即可快速估计精确转子初始位置,在保证估计精度的同时改进了传统估计方法收敛速度慢问题。

基于车用永磁同步电机转子结构的电磁噪声优化仿真分析

针对目标电机低速加速段中存在明显类似“口哨”的高频噪声的问题及电机量产降本原则,将48槽8极峰值功率62 kW的乘用车前驱动电机作为案例进行电磁方案设计。基于设计指标及存在问题设计了定子结构相同内置式转子拓扑结构不同的优化方案,推导计算了两电机方案气隙磁场幅值波形时空分布方程及电磁力表达式,建立了两电机方案有限元模型及电磁-结构声场耦合模型,仿真分析比较两电机气隙磁密及径向电磁力谐波含量。基于仿真结果得到优化方案,在不牺牲电磁性能的前提下削弱了低速段加速过程的0阶6f1径向电磁力,并使磁钢用量从1.474 kg降低到了1.371 kg,实现了降本目的。最后分别制作样机进行实验验证,结果表明优化方案明显削弱了低速段径向振动,降低了24倍频电磁噪声,与仿真结果相吻合。

永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制技术综述

无位置传感器电机驱动器具有成本低、可靠性高、硬件电路简单以及维护要求少等优势,在学术界和工业应用中受到了越来越多的关注。对适用于零低速域、中高速域以及全速域三种运行范围的多种无位置传感器技术进行了综述。首先,分别对比分析了零低速域和中高速域下各种无位置传感器控制方法的优缺点。其次,梳理和总结了目前全速域运行的切换控制策略。最后,对永磁同步电机无位置控制技术的未来发展趋势进行了展望,并指出了后续研究的关键问题。

基于延迟补偿的永磁同步电机并行自抗扰控制

为了解决永磁同步电机在多工况下转速易受到内外扰动的影响,提出一种基于延迟补偿的并行线性自抗扰控制策略。针对永磁同步电机可能受到信号处理、逆变器响应等因素从而引入的外部时滞效应的问题,引入Smith预估器与自抗扰控制相结合,使控制系统更加精确、快速地响应内部参数变化和外部扰动。同时,针对线性自抗扰控制器(LADRC)在有限带宽内其抗扰性能较差的问题,设计了并行线性自抗扰控制器,在保持其带宽不变与参数易于整定的同时,有效提高其抗扰动能力。最后,对自抗扰控制器的稳定性进行了分析,并在此基础上进行了参数设计与扰动性能分析。仿真与实验结果表明,所提算法相比LADRC在电机受到速度阶跃、负载扰动与内部参数变化时,在调整时间上分别提升了52.5%、49.5%与42.4%,从而验证了该控制策略能有效增强永磁同步电机在多工况下抗内外扰动与速度跟踪能力。

IPMSM倒余弦转子外形叠加正弦函数的降噪效果研究

针对永磁同步电机负载气隙磁场谐波含量丰富而造成振动噪音过大的问题,提出一种新型转子结构,在倒余弦削极的基础上,叠加一个幅值相位可调的正弦函数,通过调节其幅值和相位来削弱负载气隙磁密谐波,从而抑制电机的振动噪声。采用田口法,选取负载气隙磁密THD和电磁转矩Te为优化目标,选取叠加正弦函数的幅值、相位和转子q轴半径为优化参数并进行正交试验,得到了优化参数的最佳组合。进行了样机制作和实验测试,结果表明,新型转子结构比原始结构的A加权声压级最大值降低了5.9 dB(A),验证了该新型不对称转子结构可有效降低电机振动噪声。

基于U型磁障转子永磁辅助磁阻电机参数化设计研究

针对U型磁障转子永磁辅助同步磁阻电机(PMA-SynRM),在定、转子设计方面进行研究。以设计的一台4极24槽小型PMA-SynRM为例,对比不同定子裂比、气隙长度下的电磁性能和转矩性能;提出U型磁障转子参数化设计模型及方法,研究U型磁障转子参数对PMA-SynRM交直轴电感差值、输出转矩、转矩脉动的影响。借助有限元分析法验证参数化设计分析合理性,发现利用参数化分析法对电机的电磁参数和转矩参数进行仿真分析时,转子的某一参数选取会出现最优值,可综合选取U型转子设计的最优方案,为同类型PMA-SynRM设计分析提供参考。

内置式起发一体机的设计与优化

随着飞行器技术的不断进步,飞行器内部的电路结构向着小型化和高功率化发展。起发一体机将飞行器的起动、发电结合为一体,不仅可以减小飞行器的体积,还可以为飞行器提供起动转矩和电源支持。对起发一体机的研究现状进行了综述,以内置式永磁同步电机作为起发一体机,对转子结构进行了对比选型。选取了“一+V”型转子,经过优化的电机性能最终符合了设计要求。