Comparative study on WHO Western Pacific Region and World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies international standard terminologies on traditional medicine: Diseases in External Medicine (Part 2)

This is a continued study about how to understand and translate the names of diseases in the external medicine of TCM included in the WPRO Standard and the WFCMS Standard according to the discussion made in the book entitled International Standardization of English Translation of Traditional Chinese Medicine： Study of Theory, Summarization of Practice and Exploration of Methodst, the explanation made in A Concise Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine,

Comparative study on WHO Western Pacific Region and World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies international standard terminologies on traditional medicine: Diseases in External Medicine (Part 1)

External medicine, also frequently described as surgery, has a history as long as that of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. There were important doctors in each dynasty who devoted themselves to the study and practice of external medicine. In TCM external medicine, diseases are named either according to their location （such as neck abscess and back carbuncle）, or viscera involved （such as intestinal abscess and lung abscess）, or causes （such as tetanus and chilblain, which are literally known respectively as wind damage of wound and sore caused by cold in TCM）, or shape （such as snake head boil and goose web wind）, or the color （such as erysipelas and vitiligo which are literally known respectively as red toxin and white skin wind）, etc.

Kinematic improvement after the external-application herbs combine rehabilitation in upper-limb spasticity due to stroke

Background: Spasm is one of the most serious physical impairment after stroke. the external-application herbs have showed some effects on the spasm. This study was conducted to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of the external-application herbs and physical therapy in upper limb spasticity after stroke. Methods: A total of 100 patients with upper limb spasm after stroke (stroke time less than 1 month), have been recruited in Shun-yi Hospital of Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital. Patients will be randomly allotted to one of two groups (N = 50, respectively): the TCM external application group, and the usual rehab (conventional physical therapy and medication treatment) group. The two groups will be administered once a month for three months. The primary outcome will be Modified Athworth Scale (MAS) and the simplified scale (Fugl-Meyer assessment, FMA) for upper limb. Results: Muscle tension and motor function were evaluated before and 4 weeks after treatments. There was a significant improvement in muscle tension and motor function in patients with stroke after the external-application herbs and physical therapy (P < 0.05). Conclusion: There was a significant improvement in kinematics in patients with stroke.

The use of traditional Chinese medicine internally and externally combined with auricular acupuncture point bloodletting in the treatment of vulvar leukoplakia

Vulvar leukoplakia refers to the chronic disease of degeneration and hypopigmentation of the skin and mucous membrane of the vulva with unbearable itching in women, seriously affecting the quality of life. The main treatment of western medicine for vulvar leukoplakia is the external use of glucocorticoids or estrogen, resulting to the high recurrence rate and side effects. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has the characteristics of the overall concept and dialectical treatment with a variety of ways. Literature review in recent years found that the treatment of TCM decoction combined with external therapies, such as external fumigation, acupuncture and other treatments, or the combination of TCM decoction and external western medicine hormone ointment, can obtain good effects in vulvar leukoplakia. During the clinical practice, we found that the use of TCM internally and externally combined with auricular acupuncture point bloodletting was highly effective with unique advantages in the treatment of vulvar leukoplakia, providing the ideas guidance for clinicians.

Comparative study on WHO Western Pacific Region and World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies international standard terminologies on traditional medicine: Diseases in External Medicine (Part 3)

rocky mass/cancer： any malignant tumor occurring on body surface that looks and feels like rock In classical Chinese medicine, the character 岩 （literally meaning rock） means the same thing as 癌 （malignant tumor）. That is why it is now usually translated as ＂cancer＂ or ＂carcinoma＂, which is adopted in the WFCMS Standard. To translate it as ＂rocky mass＂ in the WPRO Standard appears quite unique and sounds semantically equivalent to the original term.

Comparative study on WHO Western Pacific Region and World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies international standard terminologies on traditional medicine:Diseases in External Medicine(Part 4)

The following is a continued discussion about how to understand and translate the names of diseases in external medicine included in the WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region （abbreviated as the WPRO Standard）[1] and the standard compiled by the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies （abbreviated as the WFCMSStandard）[2], according to the studies made in the book entitled International Standardization of English Translation of Traditional Chinese Medicine： Study of Theory, Summariza- tion of Practice and Exploration of Methods[3].

Clinical Observation on Treatment of Moderate and Severe Periodical Mastalgia with TCM Hot-wet Compress Therapy

[Objectives] To observe the clinical therapeutic efficacy of local hot-wet compress therapy of digestion ointment prescription on the patients with moderate and severe mastalgia. [Methods] Firstly,60 patients with mastalgia were selected,and divided into the experimental group and control group( 30 cases for each group). The control group was treated with acupuncture at distal point,and the experimental group was treated with TCM local hot-wet compress therapy combined with acupuncture at distal point. Then,the clinical therapeutic efficacy of two groups was compared. [Results]The experimental group was superior to the control group in relieving the breast pain,improving emotional integral,reducing breast lumps,improving lump texture,and improving TCM syndrome integral( P < 0. 05). [Conclusions]The digestion ointment prescription local hot-wet compress therapy has a significant therapeutic effect on treatment of mastalgia and can significantly improve the breast pain symptom of patients.

Non-pharmacological therapy of TCM for the treatment of essential hypertension

Non-pharmacotogicat treatment is an important means to control hypertension, with many advantages such as tow cost, tess medication, stable btood pressure, tess compHcations, and improved prognosis. This article reviews the research progress of non-drug treatment of hypertension in Chinese medicine in the past five years, and evaluates traditional Chinese medicine such as TCM Qigong, Wuhuo opera, Ba Duanjin and Taijiquan, and Chinese medicine acupuncture, moxibustion, massage, apptication, acupoint embedding and other traditional Chinese medicine. The effect of external treatment in hypertension control provides guidance for non-drug therapy to control hypertension.

基于外部和内部因素评价矩阵的圣彼得堡中医中心发展策略研究

目的:研究圣彼得堡中医中心发展中存在的问题,分析制约和影响其发展的内外部因素,为中医中心在俄罗斯的进一步良好发展提供一定的策略和建议。方法:通过环境因素评价矩阵的方法,分别使用外部因素评价(EFE)矩阵和内部因素评价(IFE)矩阵对影响圣彼得堡中医中心发展的重要制约因素进行定量评价分析,对海外中医中心的未来发展进行科学而系统的研究,利用SWOT模型并由此判断中医中心发展所处的阶段,从而选择适宜的发展策略。结果:利用EFE和IFE矩阵中计算出的力度值,通过SWOT模型运算可得,重心P坐标是(0.2,0.41),可知P位于第一象限,位于机会型策略区。结论:目前适合圣彼得堡中医中心发展的应选择开拓型策略中的机会型,进而提出相应对策与建议,以保障发展策略落实,推进中医中心在俄罗斯的健康长远发展。

基于数据挖掘现代中医外治病理性瘢痕的用药规律研究

目的:整理分析三大中文期刊数据库中采用中医外治病理性瘢痕的方剂,挖掘现代中医外治病理性瘢痕的药物配伍相关规律及应用特点。方法:收集中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方、维普三大数据库中采用中医方剂外治病理性瘢痕的相关文献,应用Excel构建方剂数据库,采用SPSS与IBM SPSS Modeler 18进行统计学分析。结果:共筛选整理得到外治病理性瘢痕的92首方剂,涉及中药206味。频次≥10和频率较高的中药分别为丹参、五倍子、白芷、冰片、蜈蚣、当归、苦参、红花、甘草、莪术、川芎和大黄。药味以苦辛为主,药性以寒温居多,归经主归肝、脾、肺三经,功效以清热、活血化瘀药为主。基于关联规则核心药对为:蜈蚣-五倍子;丹参-五倍子;五倍子-冰片等18对。聚类分析得到新药方4个:五倍子、蜂蜜、防己、蜈蚣、丹参;莪术、昆布、苦参、威灵仙;白芷、当归、紫草、血竭、甘草;大黄、黄柏、白矾。结论:数据挖掘的结果显示现代中医外治病理性瘢痕多外用清热解毒、活血化瘀之药,以软坚散结,灭瘢祛瘢。

中医外治法治疗痛风性关节炎研究文献可视化分析

目的 分析中医外治法治疗痛风性关节炎相关文献,了解该领域研究现状、研究热点和发展趋势,为该领域后续研究提供研究思路。方法 检索中国知识资源总库(CNKI)、中国学术期刊数据库(万方数据)、中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)2000年1月1日-2022年11月30日收录的中医外治法治疗痛风性关节炎研究文献,利用NoteExpress3.6.0软件对文献进行人工筛选,借助Excel2019绘制发文趋势图和期刊分布图;采用VOSviewer1.6.18软件绘制核心作者合作网络、机构合作密度视图和关键词共现图谱,使用CiteSpace6.1.R4软件绘制关键词聚类分析图、时间线图及关键词突现图谱,并对以上内容进行分析。结果 共纳入1 304篇文献,发文量总体呈增长态势;纳入文献涉及318本期刊、2 890位作者,发文量最多的是广州中医药大学;分析得出文献关键词1 181个,形成12个有意义的聚类,并展现出了湿热蕴结型、炎性因子、中医药疗法等20个突现词。结论 中医外治法治疗痛风性关节炎的研究热点主要集中于中药内服外敷、临床疗效观察及中药外敷、针刺、刺血疗法、电针、火针、针刀等中医外治法,备受关注的中医证型是湿热蕴结型。

排卵障碍性不孕中医外治法研究进展

排卵障碍性不孕是妇科临床常见病、多发病,排卵障碍包括持续性不排卵、稀发排卵、不恰当排卵(包括小卵泡排卵)、多囊卵巢综合征、高泌乳素血症、早发性卵巢功能不全、高雄激素血症、黄素化卵泡未破裂综合征、黄体功能不足和卵巢早衰,这些均可导致不孕。近年来,排卵障碍性不孕的发病率有明显上升的趋势,受到广泛关注,西医治疗主要是使用促排卵药物,促排卵药物除了具有排卵率高、妊娠率低的特点,大部分还能发挥替代外源性激素的作用,但不能从根本上调节体内的生殖内分泌紊乱,具有一定的局限性。而长期排卵障碍不仅增加了育龄期女性的受孕难度,而且严重影响怀孕。中医外治法在治疗排卵障碍性不孕方面,在个性化、辨证论治上占据独特优势,有多种治疗手法可供患者选择,患者易于接受,既可减少患者每日服药量,又不易产生依赖性、耐药性等不良反应,还能避免药物对肝肾等脏器的损害,减轻患者的心理负担,存在显著的优势,确有成效。文章主要探讨针刺疗法、艾灸疗法及综合疗法治疗排卵障碍性不孕患者的疗效,也包括中药保留灌肠、穴位注射、耳穴压豆等中医外治法的运用,以期为排卵障碍性不孕的临床研究及相关科研提供参考。

蒲丹消痤面膜对湿热瘀结型痤疮的影响

目的观察蒲丹消痤面膜治疗湿热瘀结型痤疮的临床疗效。方法采用随机数字表法将90例湿热瘀结型痤疮患者均分为3组。基础组予茵陈蒿汤合桃红四物汤加味方口服,观察组予蒲丹消痤面膜外敷联合内服茵陈蒿汤合桃红四物汤加味方,对照组予阿达帕林凝胶外涂联合内服茵陈蒿汤合桃红四物汤加味方。观察3组患者治疗前后的皮损变化,计算GAGS评分改善情况;比较治疗后3组患者的临床疗效、随访复发率及不良反应。结果观察组与对照组治疗后的GAGS评分和疗效均优于基础组(P<0.05);且观察组与基础组不良反应发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在口服茵陈蒿汤合桃红四物汤加味方的基础上,联合使用蒲丹消痤面膜能提高湿热瘀结型痤疮患者的临床疗效。

基于玄府理论探讨中医外治银屑病

玄府理论方面的研究近年来渐成热点。玄府最早见于黄帝内经,刘完素从“微观”角度来认识玄府,为玄府理论奠定基础。经后世医家不断研究发展,玄府理论逐步完善为独立的辨证体系,被广泛用来阐释人体生理、病机。本文尝试从“玄府”理论探讨中医外治银屑病,就“玄府理论”指导银屑病外治法的机制加以浅析,冀期对中医外治银屑病提供理论依据及治疗思路。

大蒜捣汁外敷联合常规治疗对血液透析导管感染的影响

目的探讨大蒜捣汁外敷联合常规抗感染治疗对血液透析患者导管感染疗效及经济效益的影响。方法选取颈内隧道式导管的血液透析患者64例,每组32例。对照组用常规抗感染治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加以新鲜大蒜捣碎出汁后外敷于患者皮下隧道处。对比2组患者炎症状态、平均额外住院日和平均额外住院费用。结果治疗后,2组患者的IL-6、CRP、PCT、WBC水平均降低(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后观察组的平均额外住院日、平均额外住院费用均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在血液透析患者常规治疗基础上,加以大蒜捣汁外敷皮下隧道处,可明显控制炎症因子水平,并缩短平均住院日,从而降低住院平均费用。

儿童腺样体肥大中医病因病机及治疗进展探讨

腺样体肥大(adenoid hypertrophy,AH)是常见的儿童五官科疾病,多因过敏、反复感染等导致,久而失治可导致睡眠呼吸障碍、生长发育等问题。阐明AH的病因病机对提高中医临证辨治至关重要。该文系统总结近年来AH相关中医研究,在古代医家脾虚、痰湿、风热论治的基础上,将其病因病机进一步总结为脏腑虚损兼夹外邪、肺脾肾不足、痰湿阻窍、痰瘀互结等;总体而言,以虚为本、痰瘀为标。治疗上,以补虚泻实为主,或分期而治,或运脾补肺、清热化痰,化痰散瘀通窍贯穿始终,配合推拿、中药雾化、灼烙、熏鼻、雷火灸、点刺刮痧等特色外治,以期综合调理本虚标实之机。通过系统综述AH相关中医病因病机及治疗现状,旨在加深中医治疗AH的认识与思考,为AH的中医综合治疗提供理论依据。

慢性肾脏病围透析期的中医一体化治疗

慢性肾脏病(CKD)围透析期病情进展迅速,各系统症状突出,且并发症多,患者生存率及生命质量下降明显。以中药经方、现代医家经验方、中成药及中药制剂等为主的中医内治法,结合中药灌肠、耳穴压豆、中药熏洗、穴位贴敷等常见中医外治法的中医一体化治疗模式,可以缓解临床症状,保护残余肾功能,防治并发症,降低死亡率,对围透析期患者的综合管理具有显著作用。

急性外踝韧带损伤三期中药外治方案的早期临床疗效观察

目的:观察新三期中药外治方案治疗急性外踝韧带损伤的临床疗效。方法:将2023年7月至2023年12月期间招募的64例急性外踝韧带损伤患者,按照治疗方法不同分为观察组和对照组,每组32例。观察组男17例,女15例;年龄25~36(30.59±3.10)岁;采用新三期中药外治方案联合“POLICE”治疗方案即保护(protect)、适当负重(optimal loading)、冰敷(ice)、加压包扎(compression)和抬高患肢(elevation)。对照组男14例,女18例;年龄24~37(30.03±3.19)岁;采用“POLICE”治疗方案。分别在初次入组和治疗第1、6周后采用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)评估和Figure of 8测量法评估受试者踝关节疼痛和肿胀程度。同时采用美国足踝外科踝功能评分(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)和Karlsson踝关节功能评分系统评价各阶段患者踝关节功能改善情况。通过MRI特定图像观察距腓前韧带生物愈合程度,通过计算信噪比(signal to noise ratio,SNR)评估,信噪比越低代表韧带含水量越低,愈合越好。结果:所有患者获得6周随访。治疗前两组VAS、AOFAS和Karlsson评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗1周和6周后,两组VAS、AOFAS评分和Karlsson评分均较治疗前显著改善(P<0.05)。治疗1周后,观察组VAS(3.21±0.87)分,低于对照组(4.21±1.50)分(P<0.05)。治疗1周后,观察组AOFAS和Karlsson评分[(50.84±4.70)分,(49.97±4.00)分],高于对照组[(46.91±5.56)分,(46.66±5.36)分],P<0.05。MRI图像显示,治疗6周后,观察组SNR值75.25±16.59,低于对照组的85.81±15.55(P<0.05)。结论:与对照组相比,新三期中药外治方案早期临床疗效显著,能够明显减轻急性外踝韧带损伤患者踝关节的疼痛和肿胀程度,提高韧带修复质量,促进患者踝关节功能的恢复。

《外用中成药临床应用药物警戒指南》解读与启示

目的介绍《外用中成药临床应用药物警戒指南》(简称“《指南》”)核心内容,为规范我国外用中成药药物警戒相关活动及临床实践提供参考。方法总结《指南》中外用中成药的传统剂型,详细解读外用中成药在临床应用中可能存在的风险及控制措施。结果梳理《指南》重点强调的含矿物中药材、含毒性成分的中药材以及儿科、老年及孕妇等特殊人群的用药安全,并提供详尽的风险评估与控制措施。结论外用中成药的临床不合理应用导致用药风险增加,《指南》为规范化开展外用中成药临床应用的药物警戒工作提供借鉴。

基于网络药理学和分子对接技术探讨中药外敷1号应用于唇炎的相关机制

目的应用网络药理学和分子对接技术探讨中药外敷1号(TCM-EAN1)对于唇炎的相关作用机制。方法在TCMSP数据库中获取TCM-EAN1的活性成分和潜在靶点,疾病靶点利用DisGeNet和GeneCards获取,采用Venny取疾病-药物的交集,采用String数据库构建蛋白互作网络,采用Cytoscape软件构建疾病-靶点-中药有效成分-药物网络,应用David数据库将TCM-EAN1进行GO和KEGG富集分析,应用AutoDock对TCM-EAN1的活性成分和关键治疗唇炎靶点进行分子对接验证。结果TCM-EAN1与唇炎的相关作用靶点共35个,蛋白相互作用(PPI)结果显示核心靶点分别是TP53、TNF、HIF1A、BCL-2、RXRA、EGFR、IL-6、PTGS2、CDKN1A,通过网络构建核心有效成分分别为槲皮素、汉黄芩素、木犀草素、山柰酚、β-谷甾醇、白鲜明碱、前茵芋碱、豆甾醇和苦参素。GO分析共获得429条生物过程,主要有:基因表达的正向调控、凋亡过程的负调控、转录的正调控、炎症反应、细胞外空间、细胞因子活性、生长因子活性等,KEGG共获得107条通路,主要与IL-17信号通路、PI3K-Akt信号通路、Th17细胞分化、TNF信号通路等相关,分子对接结果显示,豆甾醇、β-谷甾醇与核心靶点有较好的结合性。结论通过网络药理学和分子对接技术初步探讨TCM-EAN1对于唇炎的作用机制,为今后临床治疗提供科学依据。