External application of a Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers

Diabetic foot ulcers are one of the most severe complications of diabetes that have imposed great financial and psychological burdens on diabetic patients.A Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton(Nr-CWS)can be externally applied to accelerate wound healing.However,its clinical application has not yet been reported.Herein,we report two patients with diabetic foot ulcers treated with Nr-CWS.After wound debridement,the wound was covered with a sterile cotton ball infiltrated with an Nr-CWS that was diluted with 2.0 mL of saline.The covers were changed every two days until complete wound healing occurred.The two wounds healed after 3 and 12 weeks,respectively.This article aims to provide a new treatment for diabetic foot ulcers,with the hope that physicians may consider an Nr-CWS as a complementary method for the treatment of chronic wounds.

A STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNAL ANDEXTERNAL WALL SURFACE TEMPERATUREIN THE URBAN AREA

Internal and external wall surface temperatures (Tws) in April, August and December in Kunming, a city in low latitude plateau, were investigated. Results showed that the Tws in April were of the highest among the three, followed by August and December. The Tws differences among walls with different orientation were higher in April and December when the weather tends to be sunny, and lower in August with more cloudy days in the time. In April and August, Tws of E-wall was the highest, followed by S- and N-wall. But in December Tws of S-wall might be sometimes higher than E one. Diurnal range of internal Tws was usually smaller than that of the external, with also a time lag for the occurrence of its maximum and minimum. The results can serve as a basis for further research on building microclimate and urban architecture designs. It also gives suggestions for similar studies in other areas.

THERMAL EFFECTS OF BUILDING′S EXTERNAL SURFACES IN CITY——Characteristics of Heat Flux into and out of External Wall Surfaces

This study examined the thermal effects of building′s external wall surfaces, using observational data of spatial-temporal distribution of surface temperature, air temperature, and heat flux into and out of external surface. Results indicate that external wall surface temperature and nearby air temperature vary with the change of orientation, height and season. In general, the external wall surface temperature is lower near the ground, and is higher near the roof, than nearby air temperature. But north wall surface temperature is mostly lower than nearby air temperature at the same height; south wall surface temperature during the daytime in December, and west wall surface temperature all day in August, is respectively higher than nearby air temperature. The heat fluxes into and out of external wall surfaces show the differences that exist in the various orientations, heights and seasons. In December, south wall surface at the lower sites emits heat and north wall surface at the higher sites absorbs heat. In April, all external wall surfaces, emit heat near the ground and absorb heat near the roof. In August, west wall surface all day emits heat, and other wall surfaces just show the commensurate behavior with that in April.

Passive cooling of porous tile used on external wall

The porous tiles under the dry and wet conditions were studied. The simplified mathematical model was put forward to simulate the procedure of moisture evaporating for the densely porous tile. The results show that the capability of passive cooling of the porous tile is more than 5 ℃ with moisture content of 30% in Yangtze river region. Through the comparison between the measuring and simulating data,it can be proved that the simplified math model can be fully used to the engineering application,which provides a reference to explore the thermal performance of other porous material.

Advanced Deterioration Diagnosis Model for Building External Wall Tiles

In 1981 Taiwan entered a period of intense construction, meaning that today many buildings are more than 30 years old. Lack of maintenance has led to frequent safety incidents involving external walls. This study focuses on a deterioration diagnostic model for external wall tiles of aged buildings, using both stage 1 and stage 2 diagnostic methods. The visual test results are categorized based on impact on public safety, and renovation strategies are proposed. Stage 1 diagnosis mainly adopted the DER visual inspection deterioration assessment method. For enhance the accuracy, this research adopted the Infrared Thermal Imaging detection method to double confirm the visual inspection results. After producing an external wall tile Condition Indicator (CI). For stage 1 diagnostic results that fall in a gray area, stage 2 diagnosis was carried out using a tap tone test, followed by fast Fourier transform and pattern recognition to analyze the tapping results. Finally, the study provides a deterioration evaluation criteria for external wall tiles replacement recommendations and a standard operating procedure for deterioration diagnosis. The study also recommends directions for future amendment of regulations, and provides a basis of reference for the government in determining urban renewal, renovation and maintenance strategies.

Suitability and Construction of Self-Insulation Walls in the Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone of Southern Shaanxi

In this paper, the suitability and construction technology of self-insulation walls were studied under the specific climatic conditions and regional resources of Hanzhong and Ankang in the hot summer and cold winter zone of Southern Shaanxi. Through the calculation of heat transfer coefficient and thermal inertia index, combined with the specifications of the shale hollow brick and aerated concrete block of Hanzhong and Ankang in southern Shaanxi, the thermal performance and suitable thickness of the external wall using self-insulation materials that meet the Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings(DBJ61-65-2011) in Shaanxi Province were obtained. The results showed that the self-insulation wall had technical suitability in the hot summer and cold winter zone. The research results provide not only a theoretical basis for the external wall insulation design of urban residential buildings in the hot summer and cold winter zone of southern Shaanxi, but also a reference for designers to carry out energy-saving design of external walls of residential buildings in other similar climate zones.

The Theoretically Studies and Field Testing of Self-Insulation Exterior Wall in the Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone

The energy efficiency design of the exterior wall in the buildings of the hot summer and cold winter zone of China should consider the heat prevention in summer and the heat insulation in winter. The self-insulation of the exterior?wall is a more feasible design to satisfy the energy efficiency of buildings in the?zone. However, the systematic research is urgently needed for the self-insulation of the exterior wall in the hot summer and cold winter zone of China. The paper tested the thermal performance of the common non-clay materials such as shale sintered hollow brick, sand autoclaved aerated concrete block, etc. by means of indoor experiments. The energy efficiency effect of the common materials was verified using dynamic calculation soft PKPM and several constitutions of exterior wall with different main bricks and insulation materials on the heat bridge were simulated, too. Besides, the tests of the thermal performance of exterior wall in real constructions were carried out to testify the practical effect of the recommended constitutions of exterior wall with different main bricks and insulation materials on the heat bridge. The conclusions are: the physical and thermal properties of the six non-clay wall material are better than the clay porous brick;the thermal performance of the non-clay brick can be improved obviously through the rational arrangement of the holes;shale sintered hollow brick after increasing the holes and rationalizing the hole arrangement and sand autoclaved aerated concrete block are recommended for buildings in the hot summer and cold winter area of China. The dynamic calculation results show that the thermal performances?of the non-clay materials are all satisfied with the energy efficiency;The heat transfer coefficient of the exterior wall with composition?③,?in which?the main wall was sand autoclaved aerated concrete block and the material on the heat bridge was sand autoclaved aerated concrete plate, is the smallest among the three recommended compositions.

Prevention and Control Measures for Vertical Spread of Fire along the External Wall of High-rise Buildings

In the analysis and research of few cases on the characteristics of vertical"burning"and spreading of fire in high-rise buildings in China and overseas,the mechanism of vertical spreading of fire along external wall is caused by hot pressing and wind pressure existing in high-rise buildings.The use of external wall combustible materials and near-window combustible items resulted in the formation of high temperature pyrotechnics and the burning of the external wall.Besides,due to the lack of fire-fighting measurements in high-rise building,it is recommended that the external wall of the high-rise building should be equipped with vertical fire-proof partitioning and non-combustible materials by setting up an automatic fire-fighting water curtain system along the vertical section of the external wall and above the indoor window.Therefore,the automatic sprinkler can be set up to prevent the fire from spreading vertically along the external wall of the building effectively.

Numerical simulation on the seismic performance of retrofitted masonry walls based on the combined finite-discrete element method

Due to the long construction life,improper design methods,brittle material properties and poor construction techniques,most existing masonry structures do not perform well during earthquakes.The retrofitting method using an external steel-meshed mortar layer is widely used to retrofit existing masonry buildings.Assessing the seismic performance of masonry walls reinforced by an external steel-meshed mortar layer reasonably and effectively is a difficult subject in the research field of masonry structures.Based on the combined finite-discrete elements method,the numerical models of retrofitted brick walls with four different masonry mortar strengths by an external mortar layer are established.The shear strength of mortar and the contact between the retrofitted mortar layer and the brick blocks are discussed in detail.The failure patterns and load-displacement curves of the retrofitted brick walls were obtained by applying low cycle reciprocating loads to the numerical model,and the bearing capacity and the failure mechanism of the retrofitted walls were obtained by comparing the failure patterns,ultimate bearing capacity,deformability and other aspects with the tests.This study provides a basis for improving the seismic strengthening design method of masonry structures and helps to better assess the seismic performance of masonry structures after retrofitting.

Hemodynamics of Enhanced External Counterpulsation with Different Coronary Stenosis

Enhanced external counterpulsation(EECP)is able to treat myocardial ischemia,which is usually caused by coronary artery stenosis.However,the underlying mechanisms regarding why this technique is effective in treating myocardial ischemia remains unclear and there is no patient-specific counterpulsation mode for different rates of coronary artery stenosis in clinic.This study sought to investigate the hemodynamic effect of varied coronary artery stenosis rates when using EECP and the necessity of adopting targeted counterpulsation mode to consider different rates of coronary artery stenosis.Three 3-dimensional(3D)coronary models with different stenosis rates,including 55%(Model 1),65%(Model 2),and 75%(Model 3),were generated,then coupled with a 0-dimensional(0D)lumped parametric model of the blood circulatory system.EECP was applied to the 0D/3D coupled models to study the hemodynamic response of the coronary artery.Under the same counterpulsation mode,the ratio of diastolic blood pressure to systolic blood pressure of 3 models during counterpulsation was 1.4,and the cardiac output and coronary artery flow rate increased significantly.The low wall shear stress(WSS)and high oscillatory shear index(OSI)areas were mainly located at the posterior end of the stenosis and coronary artery bifurcation.Moreover,with an increase in the rate of coronary artery stenosis,the increased percentage of flow rate through the coronary artery stenosis and area-averaged WSS decreased.The geometric multiscale model in this study can be used to effectively simulate the hemodynamic characteristics of cardiovascular system following the application of EECP.Local precise hemodynamic effect of the coronary artery stenosis can be observed.It was found from the hemodynamic factors that the coronary artery with lower stenosis rate more likely led to better vascular endothelial remodeling.Thus,it is necessary to adopt patient-specific counterpulsation mode accounting for different condition of coronary artery stenosis.

外挂墙板施工阶段碳排放的智能监测与优化

建筑行业的温室气体过量排放逐渐引起了人们的关注,且其施工阶段往往面临成本超标、工期延长和碳排放失控等问题,因此,建筑施工阶段碳排放的监测与多目标优化问题成为目前研究重点。为了有效解决上述问题,从物理层、计算层和交互层三部分提出了监测优化系统的框架;以Revit为二次开发平台、利用MySQL建立数据库,搭建了碳排放智能监测与优化平台;以外挂墙板构件施工过程为例,运用融入柔性理念的遗传算法寻找出使得“成本工期碳排放”综合目标最适合项目特征的工序执行模式组合及最优解。研究为装配式建筑施工阶段的碳排放监测与优化提供了一套科学、高效的集成化管理技术。

预制混凝土复合外挂墙板的研究现状

装配式建筑结构具有抗震性能良好、低碳环保、施工便利等优点,是适应绿色建筑发展、响应节能减排战略的新型建筑结构体系。预制混凝土复合外挂墙板作为装配式建筑工程的子项目,性能优异,发展潜力巨大。综述了预制混凝土复合外挂墙板的研究现状,从热工性能、力学性能、抗震性能等多方面展开研究,既对墙板的设计和运用具有重要意义,又能为节能减排战略和绿色建筑发展做出贡献。

内抹调湿砂浆外墙吸放湿特性及对负荷影响分析

本文从建筑围护结构节能出发,以内抹WSE(木质纤维Wood fibre、海泡石Sepio⁃lite、膨胀珍珠岩Expanded perlite)基复合调湿保温砂浆外墙为研究对象,将其与内抹普通砂浆外墙对比,分析吸放湿特性及其对负荷的影响.研究使用COMSOL Multiphysics有限元软件的建筑材料热湿耦合模型,分析环境湿度变化与外墙之间的湿迁移变化,以及与外墙的传热传质.以夏热冬冷典型气候地区长沙为例,分析内抹WSE基复合调湿保温砂浆外墙的负荷及潜热负荷占比,同时选取夏热冬暖地区广州和寒冷地区北京对比分析外墙的全年能耗.研究发现,内抹WSE基复合调湿保温砂浆外墙的吸放湿速率远大于内抹普通砂浆的外墙,并能长时间保持高速的吸放湿状态,同时比内抹普通砂浆墙体节省22.31%~23.85%的全年负荷.墙体在吸湿过程中,温升与吸湿速率能力体现出一致性,表明墙体内表面湿迁移对温度有着重要影响,并且湿迁移越大对温度影响越大.墙体在放湿过程中,温度迅速下降是放湿速率快的表现.内抹WSE基复合调湿保温砂浆墙体具有优良的吸放湿特性和节能潜力,可用于建筑围护结构节能.

预制内外复合保温模壳拼装墙体热工性能研究

为探究预制内外复合保温模壳拼装墙体结构中的卡板连接件对墙体热工性能的影响,通过热工理论计算、试验研究、ANSYS有限元热分析模拟软件3种方法,对比分析了无连接件、不同数量连接件以及双面抹灰不同条件下墙体的传热系数。结果表明:在无连接件条件下,实际墙体热工试验测试值与热工理论计算值的误差较小;连接件数量越多,热桥效应越明显,墙体的热工性能越差;采用有限元模拟软件对墙体进行热工设计结果较精确,可作为设计依据;研究结果可为模壳拼装墙体在超低能耗建筑的应用及能耗分析提供借鉴。

芒硝、小茴香腹壁外敷辅助治疗急性重症胰腺炎的标准化护理

目的:探讨标准化护理在芒硝腹壁外敷辅助治疗急性重症胰腺炎中的应用效果。方法:选取兰州大学第二医院2020年1月—2022年12月采取芒硝、小茴香交替腹壁外敷辅助治疗的急性重症胰腺炎患者100例,随机分为对照组(常规护理)与观察组(标准化护理),每组50人,对比干预效果。结果:观察组腹痛消失时间、腹胀消失时间、肠鸣音恢复时间更短(P<0.05)。观察组护理满意度更高(P<0.05)。结论:对采取芒硝、小茴香交替腹壁外敷辅助治疗的急性重症胰腺炎患者实施标准化护理,能够及早减轻患者临床症状,提高其生活质量,且对护患关系的改善有利,值得采纳、推广。

钢框架外挂ALC墙板十字形新型连接节点抗震性能试验研究

提出一种蒸压加气混凝土(ALC)外挂墙板与钢梁的十字形新型连接节点,形式简洁,便于安装。为研究新型节点的抗震性能和工作机理,设计试件SJ-`1和SJ-2,两组试件的ALC墙板与钢框架之间分别采用传统钩头螺栓节点和新型节点进行连接。对两组试件进行低周往复荷载试验,着重对比分析了两组试件的破坏情况、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化曲线和耗能能力,并采用ABAQUS有限元软件对新型节点进行有限元计算。结果表明:十字形新型连接节点能够有效地延缓并减轻墙板的破坏,使钢结构整体表现出更优越的抗震性能和协调变形能力,且模拟数据与试验数据能够较好的吻合,这表明十字形新型连接节点可以安全有效地连接外挂ALC墙板与钢结构主体,且受力、抗震性能良好,具有很高的推广使用价值。

缺血性脑卒中的体外反搏血流动力学效应及治疗策略优化

目的 探究增强型体外反搏(enhanced external counterpulsation,EECP)对于不同狭窄程度脑动脉的血流动力学效应。方法 建立4个不同狭窄程度的0D/3D耦合几何多尺度血流动力学模型,开展不同反搏模式下的EECP数值模拟,定量计算脑动脉各血流动力学指标。其中,处于4~7 Pa范围的狭窄下游TAWSS均值、低TAWSS危险区域百分比、高狭窄支流量被认为可抑制动脉粥样硬化的发展,形成良好的血流动力学环境。结果 对于50%、60%、70%、80%狭窄,在反搏气囊放气时刻分别为心动周期内0.5、0.6、0.7、0.7 s的反搏模式下,血流动力学环境最优。结论 对于50%狭窄脑动脉,应选择放气时刻为0.5 s的反搏模式;对于60%狭窄脑动脉,应选择放气时刻为0.6 s的反搏模式;对于70%、80%狭窄脑动脉,应选择放气时刻为0.7 s的反搏模式。随着脑动脉狭窄程度增加,应当适当延长加压时长。研究结果可为临床上对不同狭窄程度缺血性脑卒中患者EECP治疗方案提供理论参考。

复合保温外墙体系施工技术研究

随着我国能源消耗的不断增加,工程方对居住建筑节能的要求也在不断提高。当前,我国的建筑节能设计标准已经从节能50%以上到了第一阶段节能幅度大于75%以上的要求,总之,建筑节能设计已成为行业发展的当务之急。针对外墙施工存在经济效益差的问题,开展复合保温外墙体系施工技术研究。提出一种全新的施工方案,其中包括:墙体骨架和面板安装、泡沫混凝土填充浇筑和一体化保温板复合外墙保温体系施工。通过对新施工技术的经济效益分析得出,新技术更具经济效益,每平米的造价更低。

严寒地区办公建筑外墙保温系统优化及碳减排分析

合理选择保温材料及厚度是实现低碳建筑的重要途径。以典型办公建筑为对象,选取严寒地区3个不同城市(漠河、哈尔滨、沈阳),模拟4种保温材料对建筑能耗的影响,结合生命周期评价与生命周期成本分析构建生态效率模型,核算建筑外保温系统的全生命周期碳排放及经济成本,并识别出具有最优生态效率的建筑外保温系统。结果表明,严寒地区采用建筑外保温系统能够带来良好的建筑节能及碳减排效果,但生命周期碳排放与经济成本结果具有明显差异,城市地理位置和保温材料类型影响其厚度优化。从地理位置角度,低纬度城市沈阳的建筑外墙保温系统具有最低的碳排放和经济成本,高纬度城市反之;从碳排放和成本效果来看,聚氨酯板>挤塑聚苯板>岩棉板>模塑聚苯板;3个城市采用聚氨酯板,从生态效率来看65 mm>60 mm>50 mm,其生命周期碳排放为101.95~184 kgCO_(2)eq/(m2∙a),经济成本为8.24~15.17元/(m^(2)∙a)。

房屋建筑工程外墙保温施工技术分析

在城市化过程中,建筑工程起到了重要的作用。为了更好地满足目前城镇化发展和人们对于建筑工程的需要,达到提高建筑工程的绿色环保和舒适性的目的,本文从建筑外墙保温施工方面着手,着重研究了建筑外墙保温施工技术以及施工工艺,并探讨了该技术的优越性,最后通过具体工程案例探讨建筑外墙保温技术的实际应用。