Ultrahydrophobic melamine sponge via interfacial modification with reduced graphene oxide/titanium dioxide nanocomposite and polydimethylsiloxane for oily wastewater treatment

Three-dimensional(3D)porous absorbents have attracted significant attention in the oily wastewater treatment technology due to their high porosity and elasticity.Given their amphiphilic surface,they have a propensity to simultaneously absorb water and oil,which restricts their range of applications.In this study,a reduced graphene oxide and titanium dioxide nanocomposite(rGO/TiO_(2))was used to fabricate an ultra-hydrophobic melamine sponge(MS)through interfacial modification using a solution immersion technique.To further modify it,poly-dimethylsiloxane(PDMS)was grafted onto its surface to establish stronger covalent bonds with the composite.The water contact angle of the sponge(rGO/TiO_(2)/PDMS/MS)was 164.2°,which satisfies the condition for ultrahydrophobicity.The evidence of its water repellency was demonstrated by the Cassie-Baxter theory and the lotus leaf effect.As a result of the increased density of rGO/TiO_(2)/PDMS/MS,it recorded an initial capacity that was 2 g/g lower than the raw MS for crude oil absorption.The raw MS retained 53% of its initial absorption capacity after 20 cycles of absorption,while rGO/TiO_(2)/PDMS/MS retained 97%,suggesting good recyclability.Excellent oil and organic solvent recovery(90%-96%)was demonstrated by rGO/TiO_(2)/PDMS/MS in oil-water combinations.In a continuous separation system,it achieved a remarkable separation efficiency of 2.4×10^(6)L/(m^(3)·h),and in turbulent emulsion separation,it achieved a demulsification efficiency of 90%-91%.This study provides a practical substitute for massive oil spill cleaning.

Experimental investigation and modeling of flotation column for treatment of oily wastewater

A unique cyclonic static microbubble flotation column was developed for oily wastewater separation.The separation effciency was found to be highly dependent on gas holdup and bubble size distribution.By changing the circulation pressure,gas flow rate,frother concentration,the effect of operation parameters on gas holdup and oil removal effciency were attained.A mathematical modeling between the kinetic constant and the gas holdup was established for oily water separation process.The results show that higher gas holdup and smaller microbubble sizes are benefcial to improve oil removal effciency.

Molding of Molecular Sieve Residues and Their Application in Cleaning Oily Wastewater

To deeply clean oily wastewater,molecular sieve residues(MSRs)were sufficiently recycled and utilized due to their high specific surface area,porous structure,and outstanding adsorption property.Molding MSRs(MMSRs)were prepared by adding additives(starch,citric acid,and soluble glass)to MSRs and were then filled into a fixed bed for adsorbing and separating the oil in wastewater.Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate was used to modify the MMSRs,and their adsorption property was also investigated.In addition,the MSRs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results indicated that MMSRs satisfied the filling requirement of fixed bed,and their dynamic adsorption capacity could reach 0.1854 mg g^?1.Furthermore,the static adsorption capacity of MMSRs achieved 1.7346 mg g^?1 in the optimum conditions,and the oil adsorption performance of modified MMSRs was further enhanced.Therefore,this work suggests that MSRs are promising alternatives in cleaning oily wastewater.

Treatment of phosphate-containing oily wastewater by coagulation and microfiltration

The oily wastewater generated from pretreatment unit of electrocoating industry contains oils, phosphate, organic solvents, and surfactants. In order to improve the removal efficiencies of phosphate and oils, to mitigate the membrane fouling, coagulation for ceramic membrane microfiltration of oily wastewater was performed. The results of filtration tests show that the membrane fouling decreased and the permeate flux and quality increased with coagulation as pretreatment. At the coagulant Ca （OH）2 dosage of 900 mg/L, the removal efficiency of phosphate was increased from 46.4% without coagulation to 99.6%; the removal of COD and oils were 97.0% and 99.8%, respectively. And the permeate flux was about 70% greater than that when Ca（OH）2 was not used. The permeate obtained from coagulation and microfiltration can be reused as make-up water, and the recommended operation conditions for pilot and industrial application are transmembrane pressure of 0.10 MPa and cross-flow velocity of 5 m/s. The comparison results show that 0.2 μm ZrO2 microfilter with coagulation could be used to perform the filtration rather than conventional ultrafilter, with very substantial gain in flux and removal efficiency of phosphate.

Effect of Coagulant Agents on Oily Wastewater Treatment Performance Using Mullite Ceramic MF Membranes： Experimental and Modeling Studies

In this paper, fouling mechanisms of mullite ceramic membranes for treatment of oily wastewaters in hybrid coagulation-microfiltration(MF) process presented. Hermia's models for cross flow filtration were used to investigate the fouling mechanisms of membranes with various coagulating chemicals concentrations. Four coagulating chemicals(FeCl2 ·4H2 O, FeSO4 ·7H2 O, AlCl3 ·6H2 O and Al2(SO4)3 ·18H2 O) plus Ca(OH)2 of the same concentration were evaluated in the coagulation-MF hybrid process with different concentrations(0, 50 mg·L 1, 100 mg·L 1and 200 mg·L 1). To determine whether the data agree with models under consideration, the coefficients of determination(R2) of all models were compared with one another. In addition, average prediction errors of models were calculated. The results showed that cake filtration model can be applied for prediction of permeation flux decline for MF and coagulation-(MF) hybrid process with the best average error equal to 0.09%. Results indicated that pore blocking behavior changes as time of filtration increases, and one model cannot predict pore blocking behavior in all filtration time with very good precision.

Purification of oily wastewater in thermal power plant by coal fly ash

The removal of oil from oily wastewater in thermal power plant by coal fly ash(CFA) was investigated. It contained about 2.5 g/L of mineral oil,which had to be treated efficiently before it was discharged. The experiments were carried out as a function of different initial concentrations of oil,mass dosage,contact time and pH value to obtain the optimum conditions for the removal of oil from oily wastewater. The experimental results show that CFA presents the most suitable conditions for the removal of oil from waste-water at a dosage of CFA 2.5 g/L,15 min of contact time and a pH value of 4.8. The adsorption process is performed with almost 96% of oil removal from wastewater. The kinetic data meet the second-order kinetic model. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to describing the experimental isotherms and isotherm constants. The equilibrium data fit very well with the Freundlich model.

Treatment of Oily Wastewater Using Composite Flocculant of Polysilicate Ferro-Aluminum Sulfate – Rectorite

In this study, a novel flocculant was prepared by an inorganic polymetric flocculant (IPF) - polysilicate ferro- aluminum sulfate (PSFA) and rectorite (REC). The structure of the PSFA-REC composite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD), in order to determine the optimal temperature. The flocculation test was made at 25℃, 45℃ and 65℃, the results indicated that when the temperature was 65℃, the removal efficiency of the oil and COD was the best, which was 87.2% and 92.6% respectively. Then by comparisons among rectorite (REC), PSFA and the composite PSFA-REC at the temperature of 65℃ and the optimal dosage of 11 mg/L, the composite PSFA-REC showed better flocculation performance than flocculant REC and PSFA alone.

Oily Wastewater Treatment by Porous Ceramics Mediums with Surface Lipophilic Modification

Aiming at the treatment of difficult-to-handle oily wastewater, the ceramics filter mediums made from the iron and steel plant sludge were adopted to surface lipophilic modification so as to remove oil efficiently. The hydrolysis technique by FTIR and conductivity test indicated that under acid conditions hydrogen silicon oil did not hydrolyze but release hydrogen by chemical reaction under alkaline conditions. The results of the experiments including contact angle measurement, FTIR analysis, and SEM analysis illustrate that a layer of lipophile coating indeed exists evenly on the surface of filter mediums after modification. Furthermore, the hydrogen-containing silicone oil was combined through dehydration of Si-H bond with the-OH on the surface of ceramic filter medium.

On an ecology-friendly treatment reagent for oily wastewater

Bioflocculants have received increasing attention in research because they are low cost,non-toxic,biodegradable,operationally simple and useful in many water and wastewater treatment applications.In this study,we focused mainly on the screening of the flocculant-producing strain and its application in oily wastewater treatment.Bacteria strain B-6-1 was isolated by the pyridine screening method.UPC-1 reagent produced by B-6-1 had efficient flocculating activity.It was deduced that the main component of UPC-1 reagent was polysaccharide through purification and analysis.The influence of dosage of reagent,pH value,temperature and oil concentration on the flocculation effect of UPC-1 reagent was investigated.

Biochar Supported Nanoscale Zero-valent Iron Composites for the Removal of Petroleum from Wastewater

Considering the need for efficiently and rapidly treating oily wastewater while preventing secondary pollution,the nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI)was supported on biochar prepared by using a spent mushroom substrate(SMS),to produce an iron-carbon composite(SMS-nZVI).The ability of the SMS-nZVI to treat wastewater containing high concentration of oil was then comprehensively evaluated.The morphology,structure,and other properties of the composite were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller nitrogen sorption analysis,and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results show that the biochar prepared by using the SMS can effectively prevent the agglomeration of nZVI and increase the overall specific surface area,thereby enhancing the absorption of petroleum by the composite.Experiments reveal that compared with the SMS and nZVI,the SMS-nZVI composite removes petroleum faster and more efficiently from wastewater.Under optimized conditions involving an nZVI to biochar mass ratio of 1:5 and a pH value of 4,the efficiency for removal of petroleum from wastewater with an initial petroleum concentration of 1000 mg/L could reach 95%within 5 h.Based on a natural aging treatment involving exposure to air for 30 d,the SMS-nZVI composite retained an oil removal rate of higher than 62%,and this result could highlight its stability for practical applications.

Separation of Oil from Wastewater by Column Flotation

A new type of device,a dissolved-air flotation column,was developed for separation of oily wastewater. The unique design idea of the dissolved-air flotation column is the combined use of dissolved-air flotation and column flotation. The dissolved air release occurred within the column separation system. As a potential application the column was investigated for its performance in separating emulsified oil droplets in oily wastewater. A high separation efficiency was obtained in a series of tests. The aeration performance of the bubble generator used in the dissolved-air flotation column was also studied in particular.

固-液界面接触角测定实验的课程思政设计

固液界面接触角的测定是一个重要的物理化学实验,本案例结合特殊润湿性材料可处理含油废水这一科研进展,将其改进为一个融入课程思政元素的综合创新实验,不仅能提升学生的学习兴趣,还能引导学生学会理论联系实际,利用所学专业知识来保护自然、治理环境,培养学生的社会责任感和专业自豪感,有助于达成创新型人才培养目标。

基于气泡雾化喷嘴的低能耗含油污水处理实验研究

微气泡气浮技术在低能耗下对含油污水的高效处理是目前的研究热点。利用气泡雾化喷嘴作为微气泡发生器,搭建了低能耗微气泡射流气浮处理含油污水的实验系统,系统研究了气液质量流量比(ALR)和工作压力(p)对微气泡群尺度分布特征和除油效果的影响,并计算了气泡雾化喷嘴的能耗。实验结果表明,利用气泡雾化喷嘴形成液下射流可以产生大量微气泡,其中尺度小于150μm的气泡数量占比在55%以上、小于600μm的气泡数量占比在98%以上;随着ALR的增加,微气泡数量整体呈现先增后减的变化趋势,最佳ALR=0.15;当p=0.2 MPa、ALR=0.15时,微气泡群的索特尔平均直径可降低至238μm,出水含油质量浓度为29.73 mg/L,微气泡射流气浮装置处理1 kg含油污水时能耗仅为6.53×10^(-4) kW·h,较溶气气浮能耗降低35%以上。

超疏水表面的制备及其在含油废水处理中的应用——一个物理化学综合创新实验

以较前沿的科研成果为基础设计了一个物理化学综合创新实验。通过该实验,学生不仅可以了解油污染水环境问题,加深对润湿性一般理论的理解,还可以掌握超疏水材料的制备、接触角表征以及超疏水/超亲油材料对含油废水进行处理的操作和方法。实验融入了较多的课程思政元素,通过引导学生利用课堂学习的表面化学理论知识解决含油废水处理问题,培养学生的社会责任感、专业自豪感、严谨的科学思维和创新能力。

聚合硫酸铁絮凝剂对好氧颗粒污泥处理含油废水的影响

为了明确絮凝剂PFS对好氧颗粒污泥颗粒化及运行效能的影响,以PFS和含油废水为探究对象,研究了PFS浓度对AGS处理含油废水的影响并揭示相关机制。结果表明,PFS存在利于AGS颗粒化,提高ASG内污泥浓度及大粒径污泥占比。AGS稳定性分析表明PFS提高了胞外聚合物含量,并促进了蛋白质和多糖含量,提高了Zeta电位。PFS促进了AGS处理含油废水过程内污染物、营养盐和油脂的去除,且PFS的最佳含量为50 mg/L。PFS作为骨架结构为微生物增殖提供便利条件。此外,PFS具有一定吸附能力从而提高了污染物、营养盐及油脂的去除。研究结果为AGS处理含油废水过程内快速颗粒化提供一定的数据支撑和理论依据。

超疏水异质纤维聚结材料的构建及乳化油去除性能

选择常用的聚结除油材料聚四氟乙烯(PTFE),将其表面负载聚苯胺(PANI),成功构建超疏水纤维,并将其与亲水棉(Cot)纤维编织成超疏水/亲水异质材料(PANI/PTFE-Cot)用于处理含油废水。结果表明,具有微/纳结构的PANI成功负载在PTFE上,苯胺的投加量和反应温度影响PANI/PTFE的疏水性能。当反应温度为25℃,苯胺投加量为0.2 mol/L时,其水接触角达到最大,为154°。当PANI/PTFE和Cot纤维数量比为2∶1时,除油效果最佳。与传统的聚结材料PTFE相比,超疏水-亲水PANI/PTFE-Cot异质聚结材料的品质因子提高了46.7%。

光催化技术在水处理中的应用研究进展

光催化技术应用于水处理领域,既可以提高水质安全,也可以缓解全球水资源短缺问题,是一项具有广泛应用前景的技术。该文介绍了光催化技术的机理及常见光催化剂的特点,重点综述了光催化技术在饮用水中的除臭、消毒,在染料废水含油废水制药废水催化还原重金属离子养殖废水焦化废水方面的应用。自由基途径与非自由基途径在该技术中发挥重要作用,在光催化材料中,TiO_(2)､金属-有机框架(MOFs)基光催化材料及其类似材料(如MIL系列､ZIFs系列等)可产生更多的•OH;TiO_(2)､g-C_(3)N_(4)基光催化材料可产生更多的•O_(2)^(–)和e^(–);CdS､TiO_(2)､g-C_(3)N_(4)基光催化材料可产生更多的h^(+)。最后对光催化技术的机理､光催化材料、水处理方向及实际应用进行了总结与展望。

油气田采出废水化学混凝处理技术研究

以西部某油田采出废水为研究对象,以废水中的含油量和悬浮物质量浓度为评价指标,室内开展了化学混凝处理试验,考察了处理条件对废水混凝处理效果的影响。结果表明,不同类型的混凝剂对目标废水均能起到一定的处理效果,其中复合混凝剂FHR-10的效果最好。适合目标废水化学混凝处理技术的最优试验参数为复合混凝剂FHR-10的加入量为80 mg/L,助凝剂膨润土的加入量为30 mg/L,废水pH值为7,试验温度为40℃,搅拌速率为80 r/min,沉降时间为10 min。在此最优工艺条件下废水中的含油量和悬浮物质量浓度可分别降低至5.3 mg/L和1.8 mg/L,能够达到污水回注的相关标准。化学混凝处理技术对目标油田采出废水具有较好的处理效果,可以进行进一步的推广应用。

Fe-Si-B非晶合金电极在电芬顿法处理模拟港口含油废水中的应用

根据港口含油废水的组成,配置了含有乳化油等污染物的模拟废水,考察了Fe-Si-B非晶合金作为电芬顿体系中的阳极在降解乳化油废水中的情况,分别考察了反应时间、电流密度、初始pH值、H_(2)O_(2)投加量对反应的影响,并优化了工艺参数。实验结果表明:在反应时间为40 min、电流密度为30 mA/cm^(2)、初始pH值为3、H_(2)O_(2)浓度为20 g/L时,废水含油量去除率可达到99.91%。分析推测了电芬顿法降解乳化油废水的可能反应途径,结果表明:电芬顿体系中产生的羟基自由基的强氧化作用下将原本废水中的长链有机物部分氧化为易被生物降解的短链烷烃类有机物。为含乳化油废水的处理以及Fe-Si-B非晶合金作为电极材料的实际应用提供了良好的参考价值。

石油石化含油废水混凝气浮处理系统研究进展

随着我国油气开发过程中主力区块油气含水率的不断攀升以及非常规油气资源的深入开发,油气开采伴生废水水量逐年增加。油气开采技术的不断更迭致使废水水质呈现油含量高且乳化稳定性强、悬浮物含量高且密度变小的特性。针对乳化油、分散油和轻质悬浮固体的去除成为含油废水处理工艺中较为关键的环节。概述了混凝和气浮除油的原理及影响因素,综述了混凝气浮系统的研究现状,包括对气浮气泡产生方式、气浮池结构以及气浮耦合工艺等方面的研究进展,在此基础上提出通过旋流场与涡流场相结合,同时强化复合功能性药剂体系在涡流场中的破胶与聚结分离效果,实现集氧化、破胶、絮凝、气浮和分离等多种功能于一体的混凝气浮反应系统的开发及应用将是未来油气田污水处理的发展趋势。