Urban Spatial Risk Assessment of Fire from Fueling Stations on Buildings Case Study: Lubaga Division, Kampala City, Uganda

The discovery of oil and gas in Uganda has attracted many investors, leading to increase in fuel/gas distributing companies and fueling stations creating rapid demand for land to locate the stations compared to available open urban land. Because of the explosive and combustion characteristics of fuel stored and dispensed at stations, several studies have been conducted on different fires at fueling stations such as static fire, jet fire, vapor cloud explosions, open fires, etc. but there was need to assess spatially the risk of fire from stations, its consequences and sovereignty on buildings surrounding them. This was done basing on seven parameters—proximity of buildings to stations, building materials, distance between buildings, wind speed, temperature, slope and vegetation. Analytical hierarchy process and pairwise comparison were used to weight the parameters based on their relative importance. Weighted sum tool was applied to generate the fire risk maps for the quarters—December to February, March to May, June to August, and September to November from 2008 to 2013. The parameters were overlaid with the buildings in each risk zone for all the four quarters and their influences determined. The highest contributors were proximity of the buildings to stations, building materials and separation between buildings. Most of the affected buildings were made of rusted corrugated iron sheets and wood;the separation distance from one building to another ranged from 0 - 4 m. Most of buildings located within 100 m from stations were at moderate risk level and within 50 m were at highest risk level. The period of December to February and June to August had the highest risk. The findings can be used to guide planners and policy makers on building location vs. material vs. separation. It can also guide developers on where, when and how to carry out their developments.

基于Building EXODUS的地铁站疏散仿真模拟及优化设计

运用疏散模拟软件Building EXODUS,对地铁站实际项目进行火灾安全疏散模拟,研究地铁站疏散时间、疏散者行为、疏散路线及各个关键节点的通行能力等问题。根据模拟结果和数据优化地铁站流线组织和建筑布局,大大缩短地铁站安全疏散时间,提高其服务水平和安全性。研究结果表明:火灾情况下的安全疏散应考虑疏散者心理及火灾产生的影响,合理布置楼梯、闸机等可提高疏散效率,引导设施(如栏杆等)的设置可优化疏散路线,避免关键节点拥堵对安全疏散产生负面影响。

Implementing New Requirements of Passenger Station Construction and Building Excellent Passenger Station

In line with the new concept of building up a“well-connected,fullyi integrated,environment-friendlypassenger-oriented,economically-efficient,culturally-rich,intelligent and convenient”railway station and the construction requirements of"elaborate,fine and exquisite construction of excellent passenger stations" put forward by China State Railway Group Co.Ltd.,design optimization and innovation are carried out in the construction of Nantongxi Railway Station and Pingtan Station in the aspects offunctional layout,decoration style,cultural enhancement,construction materials to be used,details treatment of the station buildings and the use of photoelectric technology,focusing on the consideration and research for furrther enhancing cultural confidence,deeply integrating into the regional features,inheriting historical context,innovating artistic expression,trying diversified integration,and exploring the use of science and technology in the contexl 0f the new era,and thus devoting to the construction of railway passenger stations in the new era which will meet the growing needs of the people for a better life.

Study on the Application of Industrial Style Design in Railway Station Buildings along the Zhengzhou-Wanzhou High Speed Railway

With the improvement of economy and living quality,station buildings of high speed railway are no longer just a space to filfill the transport finction.As a business card of cities,station buildings of high speed railway prefer unique interior design,so the industrial style design featuring simplicity and variety gradually becomes a design trend.Taking the interior design of Changgebei Railway Station and Fangcheng Railway Station as an example,the paper analyzes the application of the industrial style design to high speed railway station buildings in three aspects:project overview,interior design and key issues of construction,and then reflects on and sums up the advantages and disadvantages of the design and construction.The two station buildings,among a very small quantity of station buildings nationwide where the industrial style design is adopted,provide experience and lessons while exploring a new direction for fiuture interior design of station buildings of high speed railway.

Building Evacuate Module for Urban Underground Passages: Subway Station in Turkey

The primary goal of crowd evacuation in urban underground passages or subways is to evacuate as many evacuees as possible to safe areas in the shortest time when emergency events occur. This paper chooses the underground passages of one metro in Istanbul, Turkey as research object, and uses a study method which combines by sites investigation, field test and computer simulation of the creating new software. It is called Building Evacuate Module software. We present a depth analysis of the related factors which include the number and width of passage, channelization setting and the number of pedestrians with the evacuation time. And the influential effect of public opinion is explained by using big data technology. In addition, pedestrians evacuation condition are recorded in three evacuation period, the morning peak, common and evening peak by the observation and statistic obtained with video, and build the model to simulate the change of evacuation time with pedestrians. So it reveals when the number of pedestrians reaches to more than 200, evacuation time increases significantly and the field experiment and simulation condition are consistent basically.

广州白云站高架层组合楼盖人致振动及车致振动舒适度研究

广州白云站铁路站房高架候车层采用钢-混凝土组合楼盖结构体系,最大跨度为28.5m。针对其振动舒适度问题,通过数值模拟研究高架层人行激励和承轨层列车激励下结构的动力时程响应。人致振动研究考虑了多种行走激励,对结构施加固定单人步行、移动单人步行、随机多人步行和固定多人步行等工况,分析其振动舒适度。车致振动研究采用一种简化的列车荷载模型模拟列车激励,研究了列车行驶速度、行驶位置以及列车激励同人行激励耦合对高架层楼盖振动响应的影响。数值模拟结果表明:随机多人步行方法和考虑荷载折减的固定多人步行方法较适合模拟实际人群荷载;列车激励对高架层组合楼盖峰值加速度的影响不可忽略,应通过整体分析进行考虑;各人行激励工况以及列车激励同人行激励耦合工况下的结构振动舒适度均满足规范要求。

绿色视角下的高铁站房腔体植入策略与模拟验证研究

由于体量和形式的特殊性,高铁站房的舒适度问题比一般建筑更为突出,以绿色视角审视其设计具有较大的优化潜力。近年来建筑学界对腔体的关注增多,而高铁站房方案设计中针对性地设置腔体、操作方法等方面的研究尚显不足。立足于方案设计阶段,针对空间特征与现存问题,从宏观层面上构建了对候车环境品质多重导控的腔体层级,探讨了“结构腔”、“功能腔”和“绿景腔”三类腔体的植入方式。构建典型模型并生成研究方案用于量化研究。通过性能模拟技术,验证了腔体植入对室内气流、采光质量有显著提升的效果。腔体植入策略打破了当前高铁站房固定的空间模式,为我国高铁站房的绿色创新提供参考,在实践中具有广泛的应用价值。

铁路站房及站场空间一体化规划探索

西安东站位居白鹿塬西麓,处于西安市高铁东城核心位置,定位将其打造成为区域性的综合交通枢纽。项目贯彻新时代发展理念,以满足人民高品质、多层次的出行需求为根本目的。基于自然地形及规划发展要求,同时结合科学合理的规模测算,提出3种不同强度站台下架空车场布置方案。通过对场地内部建设条件及人流、车流组织进行分析,最终采用1—13站台双层架空站台方案的布局模式,紧凑布设各类接驳交通功能区及旅客换乘空间。充分利用站场架空空间建构一体化综合客运枢纽,实现接驳交通设施贴临建设、换乘功能空间直接连通,提高客流组织的便捷性、有序性和高效性。

城市地铁车站地下空间绿色建筑设计方法研究

为了降低城市地铁车站地下空间绿色建筑的全年总能耗占比,提出一种绿色建筑设计方法,包括采光设计、节地设计和环保设计。采光设计运用技术引入自然光,并通过手动照明补偿不足;节地设计采用垂直布局减少占地面积;环保设计利用BIM技术实现高质量环保建筑。实验结果表明,该设计方法可将年度总能耗占比降至83.2%,满足预期标准,优化了城市地铁车站地下空间绿色建筑的设计方法,为绿色建筑的可持续发展提供了新思路。

党建+本土化探索:西藏社工站建设的专业之路

西藏自治区各地市正在推进的社工站建设,既有援藏省市的政策支持和人员选派,又有本地化色彩鲜明的各种探索,全区社工站建设呈现出多点开花的特点。西藏社工站是专业服务延伸至基层社会的惠民平台,在打通为民服务的“最后一米”中凸显专业形象,动员居民在公共事务中“多社联动”,共同参与社区治理的专业社工站优势明显。结合林芝市社工站建设“一体两翼”的运行架构,本文从制度、组织和人才建设三个向度进行了案例分析,并以此为基础提出了“党建+本土化”的专业化探索之路:党建引领为方向,赋能专业人才队伍建设,组织引领党社资源协同,扎根本地场景有效服务,走出一条适合西藏区情、体现西藏特点的专业社工站建设之路。

高铁客站建设的创新实践

随着国家战略发展布局需要,铁路枢纽高铁站房建设规模和数量剧增,为客站品质、乘客体验提升带来了新的挑战。以近年来中铁建工集团有限公司承建的铁路站房为例,按照“畅通融合、绿色温馨、经济艺术、智能便捷”的建设方针和“精心、精细、精致、精品”的站房建设新要求,从客站建设的新思路、新技术、新工艺和新标准4个维度,结合客站建设实践经验,梳理新时代高铁客站建设的创新方法,为我国高铁站房建设进一步向智能化、工业化、人文化、绿色化方向发展提供有益参考。

南宁北站地域文化融合与绿色生态构建研究实践

以南宁北站精品站房为例,介绍其作为贵南高铁重要节点的设计与建设情况。从壮乡文化与交通建筑融合、地域特征与空间环境融合、民族文化与建筑细部结合等方面,阐述南宁北站将地域文化、城市特色以及传统文化元素巧妙融入现代交通枢纽的建筑设计中。通过对体现建筑标志性、突出在地性和展示文化性等方面的研究实践,提出在站房设计中不仅要关注功能性、美观性和舒适性,更需要重视适应地域气候、建构一体化、融合地域文化表达的设计理念和创作方法。

襄阳东站柱分叉铸钢节点缩尺模型试验研究

襄阳东站在南、北两端区域采用柱分叉支承钢屋盖以减小屋盖悬挑长度,柱分叉节点考虑到建筑美观要求及受力复杂等因素采用了铸钢节点型式,论文对柱分叉铸钢节点进行了1/2缩尺模型加载试验验证,详细介绍了试验加载装置、加载方案、试验现象及试验结果,有限元对比分析结果与加载试验吻合较好,结果表明柱分叉铸钢节点构造合理、承载力高,薄弱部位出现在与铸钢件相连的接长钢管上,满足强节点弱构件、强连接弱构件的设计要求。

城市轨道交通建桥合一长联无缝高架车站结构设计与施工优化

[目的]建桥合一长联无缝高架车站将建筑与桥梁结构融合,使得车站墩柱在有刚度需求的同时,还具有空间框架结构体系复杂、体量大、超静定次数多的特点,而混凝土结构的温度与收缩徐变成为了这类车站结构设计中的控制因素。采用设置伸缩缝、加大墩柱截面尺寸、加强墩柱截面配筋等传统方法,将破坏车站结构的整体性,增加维护与建设成本。因此需从设计角度和施工角度对建桥合一长联无缝高架车站结构进行优化。[方法]以深圳地铁6号线宽9 m的岛式车站为研究对象,运用MIDAS软件,建立建桥合一的长联无缝高架车站有限元模型,并对其进行计算分析与检算。分别从设计和施工两个角度提出相应优化方案。从设计角度建立了高架车站有限元模型,对墩柱控制弯矩进行了对比分析。[结果及结论]有限元计算结果表明:车站两端墩柱受收缩徐变和温度的作用明显,其应力与配筋将是本设计的控制要点。在保证高架车站整体性的情况下,从设计角度提出了加深承台埋深,采用双薄壁墩,在墩柱顶部采用铰接等3种优化方案;从施工角度提出了设置后浇带,采用模块化装配式施工等优化方案。经模拟分析,加深承台埋深2 m,增加墩高减小桥墩刚度,可减少第13轴的墩底控制弯矩约22%;采用双薄壁墩大幅减小了桥墩刚度,可减少第13轴墩底的控制弯矩约46%;墩顶采用混凝土铰支撑,释放了上部传递至墩柱的弯矩,可减少第13轴的控制弯矩约13%。

基于BIM的水电站三维结构模型可视化设计研究

随着计算机技术的发展,三维设计引发了设计行业的巨大变革,但是水电站设计与地形结构关联较紧密,地形地质条件多变且电站异形设计较多,机械设备管线布置复杂,还停留在传统的二维软件制图阶段。将建筑信息模型(Building Information Modeling,BIM)理念引入水电站工程设计中,可以进行水电站三维模型可视化设计的研究,探讨BIM中地形地质模型的建立方法。针对水电站实例,进行三维可视化研究与仿真,搭建水电站三维结构模型实例,简要介绍模型设计的过程,并展示最终模型成果。

基于BIM+技术的西安东站施工协同管理

西安东站是西安市“四主一辅”的主要铁路枢纽,也是我国西北地区特大型综合交通枢纽之一。针对西安东站的大型铁路建筑建设特点,基于“全景”智慧建造管理平台,建立成套BIM+施工协同管理体系。该平台集成BIM+GIS、BIM+SHM、BIM+智慧工地管理以及BIM+VR等技术,为西安东站建设项目的协同管理提供更全面、更精准的分析与决策支持,极大地规避了传统施工管理中资源浪费、事故频发、信息孤岛、效率低下、质量不佳等诸多问题。该研究成果拓宽了铁路站房施工协同管理对建筑信息价值挖掘的深度和广度,对特大型铁路站房项目的数字化建造具有重要参考价值。

高铁站房虹吸雨水系统消能井井盖压力数值模拟研究

我国部分高铁站房虹吸雨水检查井出现了在暴雨情况下井盖“起舞”现象,存在严重安全隐患。为了解决此问题,通过对我国数个高铁站房消能井存在问题的调研,以及现行规程对消能井做法要求的研究,以计算机模拟计算(CFD)技术为载体,数值模拟了某站房虹吸雨水消能井井盖的压力变化情况,分析了消能井排气措施对消能井井盖压力的影响。模拟结果表明:当暴雨强度较大时,虹吸雨水出户管内夹杂大量的空气,如果消能井未采取排气措施,空气会滞留在消能井内部,造成井盖承受压力增大,存在井盖掀翻风险;在消能井采取排气措施后,井盖所受气压减小,井盖掀翻风险可以消除。

实践驱动理论构建——站城融合X混合功能模块体系

随着经济社会发展,中国铁路客站功能日趋完善,站城连接愈发紧密。将客站及其周边5~10 min的步行范围定义为站城核心区并作为主要研究范围,对站城融合案例功能和空间类型进行系统性梳理,首次提出X混合功能模块,结合客站功能模块、城市配套功能模块、城市开发功能模块3大基础功能模块,构建站城融合X混合功能模块体系,分析国内外典型案例柏林中央车站、上海虹桥站和兰州中川站的功能模块构成。通过构建站城融合X混合功能模块体系,促进未来设计创新和机制突破,提升站城融合发展空间品质。

基于站城融合理念的铁路客站一体化设计

在铁路客站项目设计中,站场和站房是铁路客站的基本组成部分,两者的系统性决定了铁路客站的运营效率和乘客体验。通过近期在杭州西站、新塘站、广州白云站、虎门站等铁路客站的工程实践,整理了场站协调一体化设计的形式和要点,提出铁路客站整体规划设计的方法。铁路客站一体化设计应根据不同地区的地理、人口、经济等特点,灵活设计交通枢纽场站的功能布局,完善城市交通枢纽功能,改善乘客出行体验,并将客站与周边建筑环境、公共空间相融合,形成和谐的城市景观。该研究可为相关客站建设应用提供参考。