The flow patterns in the inlet and outlet conduits have a decisive effect on the safe, stable, and highly efficient operation of the pump in a large pumping station with low head. The numerical simulation of three-dim...The flow patterns in the inlet and outlet conduits have a decisive effect on the safe, stable, and highly efficient operation of the pump in a large pumping station with low head. The numerical simulation of three-dimensional （3D） turbulence flow in conduits is an important method to study the hydraulic performance and conduct an optimum hydraulic design for the conduits. With the analyses of the flow patterns in the inlet and outlet conduits, the boundary conditions of the numerical simulation for them can be determined. The main obtained conclusions are as follows： （i） Under normal operation conditions, there is essentially no pre-swirl flow at the impeller chamber inlet of an axial-flow pump system, based on which the boundary condition at the inlet conduit may be defined. （ii） The circulation at the guide vane outlet of an axial-flow pump system has a great effect on the hydraulic performance of the outlet conduit, and there is optimum circulation for the performance. Therefore, it is strongly suggested to design the guide vane according to the optimum circulation. （iii） The residual circulation at the guide vane outlet needs to be considered for the inlet boundary condition of the outlet conduit, and the value of the circulation may be measured in a specially designed test model.展开更多
The relationship between the head loss and the discharge and circulation of the conduit of a pump system with low head is an important problem with an obvious influence on the improvement of its hydraulic performance....The relationship between the head loss and the discharge and circulation of the conduit of a pump system with low head is an important problem with an obvious influence on the improvement of its hydraulic performance. The velocity circulation from the pump guide vane makes the relationship more complicated, which has to be understood comprehensively. The results indicate that, under the condition of zero circulation, the head loss of the inlet and outlet conduits is in proportion to the square of discharge. Under the condition that the Reynolds number is satisfied with the resistant square area, the conduit loss is in proportion to the square of discharge for the similar working points with different speeds in a certain rotational speed range, indicating that the pump system efficiency is constant. The outlet conduit loss of design discharge for a pump system with low head depends on the velocity circulation from the guide vane exit, and the relationship between the loss and the circulation is an open curve with an upward direction, meaning that there is an optimal circulation for the loss. Under the condition of various working points for a pump system with low head, the head loss of the outlet conduit is under the cross influence of both the discharge and the circulation. As a result, the relationship between the head loss and the discharge is almost linear, and the mechanism needs to be further studied.展开更多
With net zero carbon emissions targets approaching over the next 20 to 30 years, the water industry must act now to develop energy efficient techniques and designs to reduce emissions and reduce the carbon footprint o...With net zero carbon emissions targets approaching over the next 20 to 30 years, the water industry must act now to develop energy efficient techniques and designs to reduce emissions and reduce the carbon footprint of water utility providers. There is also the potential for significant energy and therefore financial savings to be realised from the adoption of more energy efficient designs approaches. Water utility providers account for a significant proportion of national electricity consumption. The purpose of this research is to determine if, over the long term, opting for a larger diameter pipe at design stage can lead to significant financial and emissions savings for water utility providers when considering pumping mains. Pumping mains are widely used throughout the water and wastewater industry where a gravity solution is not possible. 72 hypothetical water main design scenarios were analysed and the long term financial and environmental impact of each hypothetical water main was assessed. It was found across all design scenarios that larger diameter water mains were capable of delivering the same rate of flow of smaller diameter pipes at a much reduced velocity and requiring reduced pumping power. It was concluded that pumped mains of larger diameters can ultimately be more energy efficient and cost effective over the long term when selected in favour of smaller diameter pumped mains in otherwise identical design scenarios.展开更多
This research investigates the design and optimization of a photovoltaic(PV)water pumping system to address seasonal water demands across five locations with varying elevation heads.The systemdraws water froma deep we...This research investigates the design and optimization of a photovoltaic(PV)water pumping system to address seasonal water demands across five locations with varying elevation heads.The systemdraws water froma deep well with a static water level of 30mand a dynamic level of 50m,serving agricultural and livestock needs.The objective of this study is to accurately size a PV system that balances energy generation and demand while minimizing grid dependency.Meanwhile,the study presents a comprehensivemethodology to calculate flowrates,pumping power,daily energy consumption,and system capacity.Therefore,the PV system rating,energy output,and economic performance were evaluated using metrics such as discounted payback period(DPP),net present value(NPV),and sensitivity analysis.The results show that a 2.74 kWp PV system is optimal,producing 4767 kWh/year to meet the system’s annual energy demand of 4686 kWh.In summer,energy demand peaks at 1532.7 kWh,while in winter,it drops to 692.1 kWh.Meanwhile,flow rates range from 11.71 m3/h at 57 m head to 10.49 m^(3)/h at 70 m head,demonstrating the system’s adaptability to diverse hydraulic conditions.Economic analysis reveals that at a 5%interest rate and an electricity price of$0.15/kWh,the NPV is$6981.82 with a DPP of 3.76 years.However,a 30%increase in electricity prices improves the NPV to$10,005.18 and shortens the DPP to 2.76 years,whereas a 20%interest rate reduces the NPV to$1038.79 and extends the DPP to 6.08 years.Nevertheless,the annual PV energy generation exceeds total energy demand by 81 kWh,reducing grid dependency and lowering electricity costs.Additionally,the PV system avoids approximately 3956.6 kg of CO_(2) emissions annually,underscoring its environmental benefits over traditional pumping systems.As a result,this study highlights the economic and environmental viability of PV-powered water pumping systems,offering actionable insights for sustainable energy solutions in agriculture.展开更多
The back-flow of an aortic valvo-pump will re-duce the pumping flow rate but can wash out the gap between the rotor and the stator, and thus can improve the antithrombogenicity of the de-vice. To investigate the regur...The back-flow of an aortic valvo-pump will re-duce the pumping flow rate but can wash out the gap between the rotor and the stator, and thus can improve the antithrombogenicity of the de-vice. To investigate the regurgitation of a 23mm OD aortic valvo-pump, its closed impeller was replaced by a cylinder and hereby the valvo- pump had lost its pumping function. The pres-sure head crossing the aortic valvo-pump was maintained by a locally made pulsatile centrifugal pump, beating rhythmically from 30 to 120mmHg. The back flow from outlet to inlet of valvo-pump via the above-mentioned gap was measured. Results demonstrated that this gap and the pressure head had remarkable effect on back- flow;a larger gap and/or a larger pressure head would lead to a larger back-flow. By 0,20mm gap and 100mmHg pressure head, the valvo-pump had ca. 0,8 l/min back-flow. Instantaneous meas-urement indicated that the back-flow had a pul-satile form with high rate during diastole while low rate during systole of the natural heart imi-tated by pulsatile centrifugal pump. The pump rotated at 12500rpm, 15000rpm and 17500rpm respectively, but it was found the rotating speed had no affection on back-flow. This investigation provides a basis for pump design seeking for both increase of the flow rate and improvement of the compatibility;the former is particularly important for a mini axial pump and the latter is extremely difficult for closed impeller.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions ofChina(No.12KJD570001)
文摘The flow patterns in the inlet and outlet conduits have a decisive effect on the safe, stable, and highly efficient operation of the pump in a large pumping station with low head. The numerical simulation of three-dimensional （3D） turbulence flow in conduits is an important method to study the hydraulic performance and conduct an optimum hydraulic design for the conduits. With the analyses of the flow patterns in the inlet and outlet conduits, the boundary conditions of the numerical simulation for them can be determined. The main obtained conclusions are as follows： （i） Under normal operation conditions, there is essentially no pre-swirl flow at the impeller chamber inlet of an axial-flow pump system, based on which the boundary condition at the inlet conduit may be defined. （ii） The circulation at the guide vane outlet of an axial-flow pump system has a great effect on the hydraulic performance of the outlet conduit, and there is optimum circulation for the performance. Therefore, it is strongly suggested to design the guide vane according to the optimum circulation. （iii） The residual circulation at the guide vane outlet needs to be considered for the inlet boundary condition of the outlet conduit, and the value of the circulation may be measured in a specially designed test model.
文摘The relationship between the head loss and the discharge and circulation of the conduit of a pump system with low head is an important problem with an obvious influence on the improvement of its hydraulic performance. The velocity circulation from the pump guide vane makes the relationship more complicated, which has to be understood comprehensively. The results indicate that, under the condition of zero circulation, the head loss of the inlet and outlet conduits is in proportion to the square of discharge. Under the condition that the Reynolds number is satisfied with the resistant square area, the conduit loss is in proportion to the square of discharge for the similar working points with different speeds in a certain rotational speed range, indicating that the pump system efficiency is constant. The outlet conduit loss of design discharge for a pump system with low head depends on the velocity circulation from the guide vane exit, and the relationship between the loss and the circulation is an open curve with an upward direction, meaning that there is an optimal circulation for the loss. Under the condition of various working points for a pump system with low head, the head loss of the outlet conduit is under the cross influence of both the discharge and the circulation. As a result, the relationship between the head loss and the discharge is almost linear, and the mechanism needs to be further studied.
文摘With net zero carbon emissions targets approaching over the next 20 to 30 years, the water industry must act now to develop energy efficient techniques and designs to reduce emissions and reduce the carbon footprint of water utility providers. There is also the potential for significant energy and therefore financial savings to be realised from the adoption of more energy efficient designs approaches. Water utility providers account for a significant proportion of national electricity consumption. The purpose of this research is to determine if, over the long term, opting for a larger diameter pipe at design stage can lead to significant financial and emissions savings for water utility providers when considering pumping mains. Pumping mains are widely used throughout the water and wastewater industry where a gravity solution is not possible. 72 hypothetical water main design scenarios were analysed and the long term financial and environmental impact of each hypothetical water main was assessed. It was found across all design scenarios that larger diameter water mains were capable of delivering the same rate of flow of smaller diameter pipes at a much reduced velocity and requiring reduced pumping power. It was concluded that pumped mains of larger diameters can ultimately be more energy efficient and cost effective over the long term when selected in favour of smaller diameter pumped mains in otherwise identical design scenarios.
文摘This research investigates the design and optimization of a photovoltaic(PV)water pumping system to address seasonal water demands across five locations with varying elevation heads.The systemdraws water froma deep well with a static water level of 30mand a dynamic level of 50m,serving agricultural and livestock needs.The objective of this study is to accurately size a PV system that balances energy generation and demand while minimizing grid dependency.Meanwhile,the study presents a comprehensivemethodology to calculate flowrates,pumping power,daily energy consumption,and system capacity.Therefore,the PV system rating,energy output,and economic performance were evaluated using metrics such as discounted payback period(DPP),net present value(NPV),and sensitivity analysis.The results show that a 2.74 kWp PV system is optimal,producing 4767 kWh/year to meet the system’s annual energy demand of 4686 kWh.In summer,energy demand peaks at 1532.7 kWh,while in winter,it drops to 692.1 kWh.Meanwhile,flow rates range from 11.71 m3/h at 57 m head to 10.49 m^(3)/h at 70 m head,demonstrating the system’s adaptability to diverse hydraulic conditions.Economic analysis reveals that at a 5%interest rate and an electricity price of$0.15/kWh,the NPV is$6981.82 with a DPP of 3.76 years.However,a 30%increase in electricity prices improves the NPV to$10,005.18 and shortens the DPP to 2.76 years,whereas a 20%interest rate reduces the NPV to$1038.79 and extends the DPP to 6.08 years.Nevertheless,the annual PV energy generation exceeds total energy demand by 81 kWh,reducing grid dependency and lowering electricity costs.Additionally,the PV system avoids approximately 3956.6 kg of CO_(2) emissions annually,underscoring its environmental benefits over traditional pumping systems.As a result,this study highlights the economic and environmental viability of PV-powered water pumping systems,offering actionable insights for sustainable energy solutions in agriculture.
文摘The back-flow of an aortic valvo-pump will re-duce the pumping flow rate but can wash out the gap between the rotor and the stator, and thus can improve the antithrombogenicity of the de-vice. To investigate the regurgitation of a 23mm OD aortic valvo-pump, its closed impeller was replaced by a cylinder and hereby the valvo- pump had lost its pumping function. The pres-sure head crossing the aortic valvo-pump was maintained by a locally made pulsatile centrifugal pump, beating rhythmically from 30 to 120mmHg. The back flow from outlet to inlet of valvo-pump via the above-mentioned gap was measured. Results demonstrated that this gap and the pressure head had remarkable effect on back- flow;a larger gap and/or a larger pressure head would lead to a larger back-flow. By 0,20mm gap and 100mmHg pressure head, the valvo-pump had ca. 0,8 l/min back-flow. Instantaneous meas-urement indicated that the back-flow had a pul-satile form with high rate during diastole while low rate during systole of the natural heart imi-tated by pulsatile centrifugal pump. The pump rotated at 12500rpm, 15000rpm and 17500rpm respectively, but it was found the rotating speed had no affection on back-flow. This investigation provides a basis for pump design seeking for both increase of the flow rate and improvement of the compatibility;the former is particularly important for a mini axial pump and the latter is extremely difficult for closed impeller.
