Targeting the extracellular matrix for NF1-associated neurofibroma treatment

Neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1)is one of the most common genetic disorders that predisposes patients to benign and malignant tumors of the peripheral nervous system.Plexiform and cutaneous neurofibromas are NF1-associated benign tumors.Despite their benign nature,they can cause tremendous morbidity in patients with NF1.Therapeutic drug options are limited to the MEK inhibitor,selumetinib,which is the only approved drug for pediatric patients with plexiform neurofibromas.Antifibrotic strategies have substantial therapeutic potential for NF1-associated neurofibromas.This review discusses the fibrotic features of plexiform and cutaneous neurofi-bromas focusing on the pathological composition of the extracellular matrix.It also highlights the core pathways implicated in the biochemical and biophysical regulation of the extracellular matrix remodeling in tumor imitation and progression.Finally,this review provides a brief outlook on how exploring novel vulnerabilities residing in the aberrant extracellular matrix and their underlying pathways can benefit the treatment of NF1-associated neurofibromas.

Nectin-like Molecule 1 Inhibits the Migration and Invasion of U251 Glioma Cells by Regulating the Expression of An Extracellular Matrix Protein Osteopontin

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of nectin-like molecule 1(NECL1) inhibiting the migration and invasion of U251 glioma cells.Methods We infected U251 glioma cells with adeno-nectin-like molecule 1(Ad-NECL1) or empty adenovirus(Ad).Transwell and wound healing assays were performed to observe the migration of U251 cells incubated with the cell supernatant from Ad-NECL1 or Ad infected U251 cells.DNA microarray was applied to screen the gene expression profile after the restoration of NECL1 in U251 glioma cell lines.The differential expression of osteopontin(OPN),a gene related to migration and invasion,was further analyzed with semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),Western blot,and immunohistochemistry.Results The restoration of NECL1 inhibited migration of U251 cells significantly(P<0.05).Altogether 195 genes were found differentially expressed by microarray,in which 175 were up-regulated and 20 down-regulated,including 9 extracellular matrix proteins involved in the migration of cells.Both mRNA and protein expressions of OPN,the most markedly reduced extracellular matrix protein,were found decreased in U251 cells after restoration of NECL1.Immunohistochemical assay also detected an increase of OPN in glioma tissues,related with the progressing of malignant grade.Conclusion A link might exist between NECL1 and the extracellular matrix protein OPN in inhibiting the migration and invasion of U251 glioma cells.

肝细胞癌患者血清ECM1、MMP-9和VEGF水平的变化及其意义

目的 探究肝细胞癌患者血清细胞外基质蛋白-1(ECM1)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平的变化及其意义。方法 对60例肝细胞癌患者进行回顾性分析,患者主要使用甲磺酸阿帕替尼进行治疗,必要时也可联合GEMOX方案肝动脉化疗栓塞术进行治疗。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定患者治疗前后的血清ECM1、VEGF、MMP-9水平。比较患者治疗前后ECM1、MMP-9和VEGF水平;比较不同临床病理特征(年龄、性别、血管侵犯、淋巴结转移、TNM分期、Edmondson分期和肿瘤直径)患者ECM1、MMP-9和VEGF水平。结果 治疗后,患者ECM1、MMP-9以及VEGF水平分别为(135.23±44.58)pg/ml、(421.25±87.56)μg/L和(657.56±54.56)pg/ml,均低于治疗前的(215.56±30.80)pg/ml、(499.56±30.56)μg/L、(798.02±50.79)pg/ml(P<0.05)。不同年龄、性别患者ECM1、MMP-9、VEGF水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同血管侵犯、淋巴结转移、TNM分期、Edmondson分期和肿瘤直径患者ECM1、MMP-9、VEGF水平比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 ECM1、MMP-9、VEGF三者相互作用可促进肝癌细胞的转移,可根据其水平情况,了解患者肝细胞、肝功能健康状况。

Dentin matrix protein 1 and phosphate homeostasis are critical for postnatal pulp, dentin and enamel formation

Deletion or mutation of dentin matrix protein 1 （DMP1） leads to hypophosphatemic rickets and defects within the dentin. However, it is largely unknown if this pathological change is a direct role of DMP1 or an indirect role of phosphate （Pi） or both. It has also been previously shown that Klotho-deficient mice, which displayed a high Pi level due to a failure of Pi excretion, causes mild defects in the dentinal structure. This study was to address the distinct roles of DMP1 and Pi homeostasis in cell differentiation, apoptosis and mineralization of dentin and enamel. Our working hypothesis was that a stable Pi homeostasis is critical for postnatal tooth formation, and that DMP1 has an antiapoptotic role in both amelogenesis and dentinogenesis. To test this hypothesis, Dmpl-null （Dmpl-/-）, Klotho-deficient （kl/kl）, Dmpl/Klotho-double-deficient （Dmpl-/-/kl/kl） and wild-type （WT） mice were killed at the age of 6 weeks. Combinations of X-ray, microcomputed tomography （I^CT）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, histology, apoptosis and immunohistochemical methods were used for characterization of dentin, enamel and pulp structures in these mutant mice. Our results showed that Dmpl-/- （a low Pi level） or kl/kl（a high Pi level） mice displayed mild dentin defects such as thin dentin and a reduction of dentin tubules. Neither deficient mouse line exhibited any apparent changes in enamel or pulp structure. However, the double-deficient mice （a high Pi level） displayed severe defects in dentin and enamel structures, including loss of dentinal tubules and enamel prisms, as well as unexpected ectopic ossification within the pulp root canal. TUNEL assay showed a sharp increase in apoptotic cells in ameloblasts and odontoblasts. Based on the above findings, we conclude that DMP1 has a protective role for odontoblasts and ameloblasts in a pro-apoptotic environment （a high Pi level）.

TSP-1 promotes glomerular mesangial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix secretion in Thy-1 nephritis rats

The proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells （GMC） and secretion of the extracellular matrix （ECM） in rat with Thy-1 nephritis （Thy-lN） resembling human mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis have been explored for many years; however, the molecular mechanisms of GMC proliferation and ECM production remain unclear. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the thrombospondin-1 （TSP-1） gene was involved in mediating rat GMC proliferation and ECM synthesis induced by sublytic C5b-9 in vitro. 111 the present study, the roles of the TSP-1 gene in GMC proliferation, ECM production, and urinary protein secretion in Thy-lN rats were determined by using TSP-1 small hairpin RNA, and the results revealed that silencing of the TSP-1 gene in rat renal tissues could diminish GMC proliferation （P 〈 0.01） and ECM secretion （P 〈 0.01） as well as urinary protein secretion （P 〈 0.05） in Thy-lN rats. Together, the current findings suggested that TSP-1 gene expression was required for GMC proliferation and ECM production in Thy-lN rats.

Significance of serum glucagon-like peptide-1 and matrix Gla protein levels in patients with diabetes and osteoporosis

BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by decreased bone mass,impaired bone mass,and reduced bone strength that leads to increased bone fragility and fracture.Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)complicated with osteoporosis is a common systemic metabolic bone disease,and reduced bone mass and bone strength are considered the main clinical features;however,the pathogenesis of this disease has not been fully clarified.Its occurrence is considered related to sex,age,and genetic factors.There are many risk factors for diabetes complicated with osteoporosis.Therefore,exploring these risk factors will help prevent it.AIM To investigate the relationships among serum glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)levels,matrix Gla protein(MGP)levels,and diabetes with osteoporosis.METHODS Sixty patients with T2DM complicated with osteoporosis confirmed by the endocrinology department of our hospital were selected as the case group.Sixty T2DM patients with bone loss were selected as the control group.Sixty healthy participants were selected as the healthy group.The general data,bone mineral density index,and bone metabolic markers of the three groups were compared.The relationships among GLP-1 levels,MGP levels,and the bone mineral density index of the case group were analyzed using linear correlation analysis and a logistic regression model.RESULTS Differences in sex,smoking,and drinking among the case group,control group,and healthy group were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The mean age of the case group was older than those of the control and healthy groups(P<0.05).The body mass index,fasting plasma glucose level,HbA1c level,hypertension rate,and coronary heart disease rate of the case and control groups were higher than those of the healthy group(P<0.05).The serum GLP-1 and MGP levels of the case group were lower than those of the control and healthy groups;these differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The serum GLP-1 and MGP levels of the control group were lower than those of the healthy group;these differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The serum GLP-1 and MGP levels of the case group were significantly positively correlated with the bone mineral density values of the hip and lumbar spine(P<0.05).The results of the logistic regression model showed that age and duration of diabetes were independent risk factors for osteoporosis in diabetic patients(P<0.05)and that increased GLP-1 and MGP values were protective factors against osteoporosis in diabetic patients(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Serum GLP-1 and MGP levels of diabetic patients with osteoporosis were significantly decreased and positively correlated with bone mineral density and were independent risk factors for osteoporosis in diabetic patients.

Extracellular vesicles from hypoxia-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells alleviates myocardial injury by targeting thioredoxininteracting protein-mediated hypoxia-inducible factor-1αpathway

BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles(EVs)derived from hypoxia-preconditioned(HP)mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have better cardioprotective effects against myocardial infarction(MI)in the early stage than EVs isolated from normoxic(NC)-MSCs.However,the cardioprotective mechanisms of HP-EVs are not fully understood.AIM To explore the cardioprotective mechanism of EVs derived from HP MSCs.METHODS We evaluated the cardioprotective effects of HP-EVs or NC-EVs from mouse adipose-derived MSCs(ADSCs)following hypoxia in vitro or MI in vivo,in order to improve the survival of cardiomyocytes(CMs)and restore cardiac function.The degree of CM apoptosis in each group was assessed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeling and Annexin V/PI assays.MicroRNA(miRNA)sequencing was used to investigate the functional RNA diversity between HP-EVs and NC-EVs from mouse ADSCs.The molecular mechanism of EVs in mediating thioredoxin-interacting protein(TXNIP)was verified by the dual-luciferase reporter assay.Co-immunoprecipitation,western blotting,and immunofluorescence were performed to determine if TXNIP is involved in hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha(HIF-1α)ubiquitination and degradation via the chromosomal region maintenance-1(CRM-1)-dependent nuclear transport pathway.RESULTS HP-EVs derived from MSCs reduced both infarct size(necrosis area)and apoptotic degree to a greater extent than NC-EVs from CMs subjected to hypoxia in vitro and mice with MI in vivo.Sequencing of EV-associated miRNAs showed the upregulation of 10 miRNAs predicted to bind TXNIP,an oxidative stress-associated protein.We showed miRNA224-5p,the most upregulated miRNA in HP-EVs,directly combined the 3’untranslated region of TXNIP and demonstrated its critical protective role against hypoxia-mediated CM injury.Our results demonstrated that MI triggered TXNIP-mediated HIF-1αubiquitination and degradation in the CRM-1-mediated nuclear transport pathway in CMs,which led to aggravated injury and hypoxia tolerance in CMs in the early stage of MI.CONCLUSION The anti-apoptotic effects of HP-EVs in alleviating MI and the hypoxic conditions of CMs until reperfusion therapy may partly result from EV miR-224-5p targeting TXNIP.

脓毒症患者血清NLRC3、ECM1表达与急性呼吸窘迫综合征的相关性研究

目的探讨脓毒症患者血清NOD样受体家族含CARD结构域蛋白3(NLRC3)、细胞外基质蛋白1(ECM1)表达与急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)的相关性。方法选取脓毒症患者133例纳入脓毒症组,并选取同时间段体检健康者80例纳入对照组。根据是否并发ARDS分为ARDS组(52例)和非ARDS组(81例),采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清NLRC3、ECM1表达。通过多因素Logistic回归分析筛选脓毒症患者并发ARDS的因素。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清NLRC3、ECM1表达对脓毒症患者并发ARDS的预测价值。结果与对照组比较,脓毒症组血清NLRC3表达降低,ECM1表达升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。133例脓毒症患者ARDS发生率为39.10%(52/133)。与非ARDS组比较,ARDS组血清NLRC3表达降低,ECM1表达升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。脓毒症患者并发ARDS的独立危险因素为序贯器官衰竭评估评分增加、血乳酸升高、ECM1升高,独立保护因素为NLRC3升高(P<0.05)。血清NLRC3、ECM1表达联合预测脓毒症患者并发ARDS的曲线下面积为0.887,大于血清NLRC3、ECM1表达单独预测的0.811、0.792(P<0.05)。结论脓毒症患者血清NLRC3表达降低和ECM1表达升高与并发ARDS密切相关。血清NLRC3、ECM1表达联用对脓毒症患者并发ARDS有较高的预测价值。

AAV-mediated expression of p65shRNA and bone morphogenetic protein 4 synergistically enhances chondrocyte regeneration

BACKGROUND:Adeno-associated virus(AAV)gene therapy has been proven to be reliable and safe for the treatment of osteoarthritis in recent years.However,given the complexity of osteoarthritis pathogenesis,single gene manipulation for the treatment of osteoarthritis may not produce satisfactory results.Previous studies have shown that nuclear factorκB could promote the inflammatory pathway in osteoarthritic chondrocytes,and bone morphogenetic protein 4(BMP4)could promote cartilage regeneration.OBJECTIVE:To test whether combined application of AAV-p65shRNA and AAV-BMP4 will yield the synergistic effect on chondrocytes regeneration and osteoarthritis treatment.METHODS:Viral particles containing AAV-p65-shRNA and AAV-BMP4 were prepared.Their efficacy in inhibiting inflammation in chondrocytes and promoting chondrogenesis was assessed in vitro and in vivo by transfecting AAV-p65-shRNA or AAV-BMP4 into cells.The experiments were divided into five groups:PBS group;osteoarthritis group;AAV-BMP4 group;AAV-p65shRNA group;and BMP4-p65shRNA 1:1 group.Samples were collected at 4,12,and 24 weeks postoperatively.Tissue staining,including safranin O and Alcian blue,was applied after collecting articular tissue.Then,the optimal ratio between the two types of transfected viral particles was further investigated to improve the chondrogenic potential of mixed cells in vivo.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The combined application of AAV-p65shRNA and AAV-BMP4 together showed a synergistic effect on cartilage regeneration and osteoarthritis treatment.Mixed cells transfected with AAV-p65shRNA and AAV-BMP4 at a 1:1 ratio produced the most extracellular matrix synthesis(P<0.05).In vivo results also revealed that the combination of the two viruses had the highest regenerative potential for osteoarthritic cartilage(P<0.05).In the present study,we also discovered that the combined therapy had the maximum effect when the two viruses were administered in equal proportions.Decreasing either p65shRNA or BMP4 transfected cells resulted in less collagen II synthesis.This implies that inhibiting inflammation by p65shRNA and promoting regeneration by BMP4 are equally important for osteoarthritis treatment.These findings provide a new strategy for the treatment of early osteoarthritis by simultaneously inhibiting cartilage inflammation and promoting cartilage repair.

Effects of Heparin on Transforming Growth Factor-β_1 and Extracellular Matrix Components in the Glomeruli of Diabetic Rats

The effects of heparin on the expression of transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β 1) and two extracellular matrix components laminin (LN) and fibronectin (FN) in diabetic rat glomeruli were investigated. Twenty-six rats were randomly divided into control group (C, n=8), diabetic group (D, n=9), and diabetes+heparin group (DH, n=9). After 8-week therapy of heparin (200 U once daily by abdominal injection), TGF-β 1, LN and FN expression in glomeruli was detected by immunohistochemical method. The results showed that the expression levels of TGF-β 1, LN and FN were higher in group D than in group C. It was found that heparin could reduce 24-h urinary albumin excretion and inhibit overexpression of TGF-β 1, LN and FN in glomeruli of diabetic rats. It suggested that the inhibitory effect of heparin on diabetic glomerular sclerosis was at least partly related with the inhibition of TGF-β 1 expression.

Effects of extracellular matrix proteins on expansion, proliferation and insulin-producing-cell differentiation of ARIP cells

Regeneration of transplantable pancreatic islet cells has been considered to be a promising alternative therapy for type 1 diabetes. Re-search has suggested that adult pancreatic stem and progenitor cells can be derived into insulin-producing cells or cultivated islet-like clusters given appropriate stimulating condi- tions. In this study we explored the effect of selective extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins on the potential of insulin-producing cell differen-tiation using ARIP cells, an adult rat pancreatic ductal epithelial cell line, as a model in vitro. Quantitative single cell morphology analysis indicated that all the four ECM proteins we have used (type I collagen, laminin, fibronectin and vitronectin) increased the single cell area and diameter of ARIP cells. In addition, se-rum-free cell cultivation was dependent on cell density and particular components;and serum could be replaced when systematic optimisa-tion could be performed. Surface treated with laminin was shown to be able to enhance overall cell expansion in the presence of de-fined serum-free medium conditions. Collagen treated surfaces enhanced insulin production in the presence of GLP-1 although the insulin gene expression was however weak accord-ingly. Our results suggest that selective ECM proteins have effects on single cell morphol-ogy, adhesion and proliferation of ARIP cells. These ECM molecules however do not have a potent effect on the insulin-producing cell dif-ferentiation potential of ARIP cells even com-bining with GLP-1.

Intracellular Transport of HIV-1 Matrix Protein Associated with Viral RNA

HIV-1 matrix protein (MA) is a multifunctional structural protein localized on N terminus of Gag precursor p55. MA participates in HIV-1 assembly as membranotropic part of Gag precursor as well as an individual protein spliced from Gag early in infection. MA is found in the nuclei of infected cells and in plasma membrane, the site of virus assembly, in association with viral genome RNA. MA mutated variant M4 which contains two changed amino acids in N-terminal regions is also associated with viral RNA, but it is localized in the nuclear and cytoskeleton fractions but not in the plasma membrane suggesting that the mutant is deprived of membranotropic signal and “sticks” in the nuclei an d cytoskeleton, its previous location sites. These data allow suggesting that MA involved into transmission of viral RNA is transported to plasma membrane by cytoskeleton.

Human ciliary muscle cell responses to kinins:Activation of ERK1/2 and pro-matrix metalloproteinases secretion

AIM To study activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2(ERK1/2) and pro-matrix metalloproteinases(pro-MMPs) secretion from isolated primary human ciliary muscle(h-CM) cells in response to bradykinin(BK) and other agonists. METHODS Serum-starved h-CM cells were challenged with vehicle, BK agonists or antagonists. Cell lysates were evaluated for phosphorylated ERK1/2 using homogeneous timeresolved fluorescence technology based on a sandwich immunoassay. Rabbit polyclonal anti-pro-MMP antibodies were used to measure pro-MMPs using immunoblot analysis.RESULTS A 10 min incubation time using 5 × 104 h-CM cells/well was optimum condition for studying stimulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. BK(100 nmol/L) caused a 1.86 ± 0.26 fold(n = 3) increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation above baseline. BK analogs, Met-Lys-BK and RMP-7(100 nmol/L), also stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation by 1.57 ± 0.04 and 1.55 ± 0.09 fold, respectively. However, DesArg9-Bradykinin, a B1 receptor-selective agonist(0.1-1 μmol/L), was essentially inactive. HOE-140 or WIN-64338(B2-antagonists) appreciably blocked phosphorylation of ERK1/2 induced by various BK agonists. Pre-treatmentof cells with a prostaglandin(PG) synthase inhibitor(bromfenac; 1 μmol/L) failed to alter kinin-induced ERK1/2 activation. BK and a non-peptide BK agonist(FR-190997)(10 nmol/L-1 μmol/L) also enhanced pro-MMPs secretion(pro-MMP-1 > pro-MMP-3 > pro-MMP-2; 1.45-1.75-fold over baseline) from h-CM cells. CONCLUSION These collective data suggest that B2 kinin receptors initiate signaling in h-CM cells by a relatively rapid mechanism(within minutes) involving ERK1/2 activation which in turn regulates MMPs production(within hours). The latter process does not involve PGs.

结直肠癌组织中ECM1基因水平的测定及临床意义

目的:探讨细胞外基质蛋白1基因在结直肠癌中的表达及其意义.方法:基于TaqMan-MGB荧光探针技术,建立实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法,检测正常结直肠黏膜组织(n=46),结直肠腺瘤(n=18),结直肠癌(淋巴结未转移)(n=25)和结直肠癌(淋巴结转移)(n=21)中ECM1基因的表达.结果:正常黏膜,腺瘤组织,结直肠癌(淋巴结未转移)组织和结直肠癌(淋巴结转移)组织中ECM1基因的表达均值分别为(9.81±3.16)×10~8拷贝/g RNA,(10.1±3.65)×10~8拷贝/g RNA,(6.89±2.96)×10~9拷贝/g RNA,(5.01±2.22)×10^(10)拷贝/g RNA.正常黏膜和腺瘤组织组间无明显差异(P>0.05);结直肠癌(淋巴结未转移)组明显高于正常黏膜和腺瘤组织组P<0.01);结直肠癌(淋巴结转移)组明显高于其他三组(P<0.01).结论:ECM1基因在结直肠癌中表达升高,并且与结直肠癌的转移相关.

肝细胞癌患者血清ECM1、MMP-9和VEGF水平的变化及其意义

目的检测肝细胞癌患者血清ECM1水平,分析其与MMP-9和VEGF水平间的关系。方法应用酶联免疫吸附法测定40例肝癌患者血清ECM1、MMP-9和VEGF水平,分析其与肿瘤临床与病理特征间的关系。结果 40例肝癌患者血清ECM1、MMP-9和VEGF平均水平分别为150.01±5.85pg/ml、467±30.81μg/l和751.29±51.08pg/ml;三者水平均与肿瘤包膜、TNM分级、发生淋巴结转移和肿瘤分期有关(P<0.005),而ECM1和VEGF还与血管侵犯有关(P<0.005);ECM1与MMP-9和VEGF水平呈显著正相关(r=0.438,P=0.005r;=0.427,P=0.006)。结论 ECM1可能通过与MMP-9和VEGF相互作用而促进了肝癌血管生成和侵袭转移。

一类脂蛋白沉积症家系ECM1基因突变检测

目的:报道1例类脂蛋白沉积症家系,并对其家系成员的细胞外基质蛋白1(ECM1)基因突变进行分析。方法:PCR,DNA直接测序以及RFLP对患者的ECM1编码区进行了基因突变分析。结果:先证者及其胞姐在ECM1基因6号染色体上均发现纯合性单核苷酸颠换c.658T>G,产生纯合错义突变p.C220G。该家系中父母二人均为此突变的杂合子,该突变在100个非相关对照中未被检测出。结论:p.C220G突变是引起该家系临床病变的特异突变,不是多态性变化。

ILP-2-ECM1(P85)促进乳腺癌细胞的生长

凋亡抑制蛋白-2(inhibitor of apoptosis protein-like protein-2,ILP-2)是新发现的凋亡抑制蛋白质,其抑制肿瘤细胞凋亡促进其生长的分子机制有待阐明,而细胞外基质蛋白1(extracellular matrix protein 1,ECM1)所介导的信号通路与肿瘤细胞的生长密切相关。本研究通过免疫共沉淀法,检测到乳腺癌MCF-7细胞中ILP-2与ECM1(P85)存在相互作用。分别用化学合成的ILP-2-siRNA及ECM1-siRNA干扰处理MCF-7细胞。以未转染的MCF-7细胞和转染阴性对照siRNA的细胞分别作为空白和阴性对照,利用蛋白质印迹法,检测ILP-2-siRNA干扰后ECM1、FAK、Akt蛋白的表达,以及ECM1-siRNA干扰后ILP-2蛋白的表达。其结果显示,与空白对照组相比,ILP-2-siRNA-5(0. 32±0. 095)及ECM1-siRNA-1 (0. 42±0. 024)干扰效率较高(均P<0. 001);ILP-2-siRNA-5组待测蛋白质的相对表达量均显著下调(ECM1,0. 19±0. 013,P<0. 001),FAK (0. 64±0. 069,P<0. 01),Akt (0. 35±0. 120,P<0. 01)),ECM1-siRNA-1组ILP-2 (0. 48±0. 060)蛋白表达也显著下调,表明ILP-2与ECM1-mTOR信号通路联系密切。分别在ILP-2-siRNA和ECM1-siRNA转染24、48和72 h时,使用CCK-8法检测乳腺癌细胞的增殖,并用TUNEL标记荧光法和吖啶橙/溴化乙啶双荧光染色法(AO/EB)检测其凋亡。结果显示,与空白对照组相比,ILP-2-siRNA-5组和ECM1-siRNA-1组的存活率均显著下降(P<0. 001),凋亡率均明显升高(P<0. 001)。利用共转染技术同时敲低ILP-2和ECM1表达,检测细胞的凋亡情况。结果显示,在干扰处理后24 h(0. 55±0. 122),48 h(0. 80±0. 107)和72h(0. 73±0. 091)的凋亡率显著均高于阴性对照组(P <0. 05)。但与只敲低ILP-2或ECM1相比,无显著性差异(P>0. 05)。表明ILP-2可能是通过与ECM1作用激活FAK-mTOR信号通路,影响MCF-7细胞的增殖和凋亡,对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的生长发挥了积极的作用。

血清TSP-1联合MMP-9对高血压脑出血患者血肿清除术后发生迟发性脑水肿的预测价值

目的探讨血清血小板反应蛋白(TSP)-1联合基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-9对高血压脑出血(HCH)患者血肿清除术后发生迟发性脑水肿的预测价值。方法选取2020年1月至2023年6月北京市怀柔区中医医院和首都医科大学附属北京中医医院收治的126例HCH患者作为研究对象。所有患者均接受血肿清除手术治疗。观察所有患者术后迟发性脑水肿的发生情况,根据是否发生迟发性脑水肿分为发生组和未发生组。比较两组临床资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析HCH患者血肿清除术后发生迟发性脑水肿的危险因素。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估血清TSP-1、MMP-9对HCH患者血肿清除术后发生迟发性脑水肿的预测价值。结果126例HCH患者血肿清除术后有35例患者发生迟发性脑水肿,有91例患者未发生迟发性脑水肿。发生组血清TSP-1、MMP-9水平高于未发生组,血肿体积大于未发生组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,血清TSP-1、MMP-9单独及2项指标联合预测HCH患者血肿清除术后发生迟发性脑水肿的曲线下面积分别为0.761、0.769、0.810。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,TSP-1≥75.440 ng/mL、MMP-9≥183.265μg/L、血肿体积≥50.50 mL是HCH患者血肿清除术后发生迟发性脑水肿的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论血清TSP-1、MMP-9联合预测HCH患者血肿清除术后发生迟发性脑水肿的效能较高,二者有望成为预测其发生的有效指标,可为后续临床诊疗提供指导。

慢性肾脏病患者血清CHI3L1、MMP-13表达水平及其病情评估、预后价值

目的探讨慢性肾脏病患者血清几丁质酶3样蛋白1(CHI3L1)、基质金属蛋白酶-13(MMP-13)表达水平及病情评估、预后价值。方法选取2020年3月至2022年8月在江油市人民医院就诊的208例慢性肾脏病患者作为病例组,按照病情严重程度将208例慢性肾脏病患者分为Ⅰ期组21例、Ⅱ期组42例、Ⅲ期组86例、Ⅳ期组38例、Ⅴ期组21例。另选取同期152例体检健康者作为对照组。根据患者预后情况将208例患者分为预后良好组(n=92)及预后不良组(n=116)。收集受试人员一般资料,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清CHI3L1、MMP-13表达水平,Pearson法分析慢性肾脏病患者血清CHI3L1、MMP-13表达水平的相关性,以及二者与肾小球滤过率(GFR)的相关性,采用Cox回归分析影响慢性肾脏病患者预后的因素。结果对照组、病例组年龄、性别等一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);病例组患者血清中CHI3L1表达水平较对照组显著增加,但MMP-13表达水平显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);随着病情分期增加,患者血清CHI3L1表达水平随之增加,MMP-13表达水平随之降低(P<0.05);预后不良组患者血清CHI3L1表达水平较预后良好组显著增加,MMP-13表达水平显著降低(P<0.05);Pearson法分析显示,慢性肾脏病患者血清CHI3L1、MMP-13表达水平呈负相关,CHI3L1表达水平与GFR呈负相关,MMP-13表达水平与GFR呈正相关(P<0.05)。Cox回归分析显示,血清CHI3L1、MMP-13、GFR为慢性肾脏病患者预后不良的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论慢性肾脏病患者血清CHI3L1表达水平升高,MMP-13表达水平降低,二者均可用于病情及预后评估。

类脂质蛋白沉积症两家系调查及ECM1基因突变检测

目的:检测类脂质蛋白沉积症二家系中细胞外基质蛋白(ECM1)基因突变位点。方法:提取1号家系先证者及其母亲,2号家系先证者、父母、配偶及儿子外周血DNA。PCR技术扩增ECM1基因编码序列,采用一代Sanger法对PCR扩增产物进行测序。结果:1号家系先证者在7号外显子发现已知突变(纯合突变c.960G>A),其母亲为杂合携带者;2号家系先证者为遗传复合体,是上述突变位点的杂合携带者,此外在3号外显子上存在1个插入突变c.142insC。结论:类脂质蛋白沉积症存在遗传异质性。