Extracellular RNAs(exRNAs) are novel circulating factors that can be used as biomarkers in various diseases. Their unique and diverse kinds, as well as their role as biomarkers, make them significant biomarkers. There...Extracellular RNAs(exRNAs) are novel circulating factors that can be used as biomarkers in various diseases. Their unique and diverse kinds, as well as their role as biomarkers, make them significant biomarkers. There has been immense work carried out since the discovery of exRNAs in circulation and other biological fluids to catalog and determine whether exRNAs may be utilized as indicators for health and illness. In this review, we aim to understand the current state of exRNAs in relation to various diseases and their potential as biomarkers. We will also review current issues and challenges faced in using exRNAs, with clinical and lab trials, that can be used as viable markers for different diseases.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most recurrent hepatic malignancy and the third in the cancer-related casualties in the west.The frequently-documented causes of HCC are chronic liver infections by hepatitis B viru...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most recurrent hepatic malignancy and the third in the cancer-related casualties in the west.The frequently-documented causes of HCC are chronic liver infections by hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,cirrhosis,exposure to aflatoxins and tobacco smocking,etc.Clinical presentation of this fatal disease ranges from asymptomatic to upper abdominal pain or common health conditions like weight loss or lethargy.Among current surveillance strategy for suspected patients,liver imaging and serum alpha fetoprotein estimation has been regularly recommended.However,sensitivity of this diagnostic methodology especially in early detections,often suffers from compromised sensitivity and selectivity.Various image based and serological biomarkers for HCC has been introduced in recent decades with varied sensitivity as stand-alone or combined diagnostic protocol.The current article will review the status of HCC diagnosis with respect to common diagnostic protocol,and upcoming novel biomarkers.展开更多
文摘Extracellular RNAs(exRNAs) are novel circulating factors that can be used as biomarkers in various diseases. Their unique and diverse kinds, as well as their role as biomarkers, make them significant biomarkers. There has been immense work carried out since the discovery of exRNAs in circulation and other biological fluids to catalog and determine whether exRNAs may be utilized as indicators for health and illness. In this review, we aim to understand the current state of exRNAs in relation to various diseases and their potential as biomarkers. We will also review current issues and challenges faced in using exRNAs, with clinical and lab trials, that can be used as viable markers for different diseases.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most recurrent hepatic malignancy and the third in the cancer-related casualties in the west.The frequently-documented causes of HCC are chronic liver infections by hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,cirrhosis,exposure to aflatoxins and tobacco smocking,etc.Clinical presentation of this fatal disease ranges from asymptomatic to upper abdominal pain or common health conditions like weight loss or lethargy.Among current surveillance strategy for suspected patients,liver imaging and serum alpha fetoprotein estimation has been regularly recommended.However,sensitivity of this diagnostic methodology especially in early detections,often suffers from compromised sensitivity and selectivity.Various image based and serological biomarkers for HCC has been introduced in recent decades with varied sensitivity as stand-alone or combined diagnostic protocol.The current article will review the status of HCC diagnosis with respect to common diagnostic protocol,and upcoming novel biomarkers.
