A Dense Feature Iterative Fusion Network for Extracting Building Contours from Remote Sensing Imagery

Extracting building contours from aerial images is a fundamental task in remote sensing.Current building extraction methods cannot accurately extract building contour information and have errors in extracting small-scale buildings.This paper introduces a novel dense feature iterative(DFI)fusion network,denoted as DFINet,for extracting building contours.The network uses a DFI decoder to fuse semantic information at different scales and learns the building contour knowledge,producing the last features through iterative fusion.The dense feature fusion(DFF)module combines features at multiple scales.We employ the contour reconstruction(CR)module to access the final predictions.Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness of the DFINet on two different remote sensing datasets,INRIA aerial image dataset and Wuhan University(WHU)building dataset.On the INRIA aerial image dataset,our method achieves the highest intersection over union(IoU),overall accuracy(OA)and F 1 scores compared to other state-of-the-art methods.

Genomic DNA Isolation by Phenol/Chloroform Extracting Method from Sheep Blood Clot

[ Objective] The aim was to establish the method of extracting genomic DNA from sheep blood clot on the basis of the improvement of method for extracting genomic DNA from tissues. [Method]The genomic DNA with complete primary structure and high purity was obtained from the sheep blood clot after the steps of cutting the sheep blood clot with ophthalmic scissors, cell lysis with tissue DNA extracts and digested by proteinase K, extracting with phenol/chloroform and precipitating with ethanol were performed. [ Result] The concentration of the extracted DNA was 159.90 ±0.70 ng/μl and the ratio of the A260/A280 was 1.80 ＋0.01. The sheep microsatellite locus of BM203 was amplified by using the extracted DNA from the sheep blood clot as template of PCR, and the PCR result was perfect. [Conclusion]This method is simple and feasible, the quantity and quality of the extracted DNA can satisfy the demands for the subsequent researches. It is worth to extending and using for reference.

Extracting Eye Models from MRI Scans Using U-Net-Based Deep Learning Framework

.Abstracting eye models from MRI images is critical in advancing medical imaging, particularly for clinical diagnostics. Current methods often struggle with accuracy and efficiency, highlighting a gap this research aims to fill. This study investigates the application of machine learning methods, focusing on the U-net-based deep learning framework, to improve the accuracy of eye model extraction. The objectives include fitting measured eye data to models such as the Ellipsoid model, evaluating automated segmentation tools, and assessing the usability of machine learning-based extractions in clinical scenarios. We employed point cloud data of 202,872 points to fit eye models using ellipsoid, non-linear, and spherical fitting techniques. The fitting processes were optimized to ensure precision and reliability. We compared the performance of these models using mean squared error (MSE) as the primary metric. The non-linear model emerged as the most accurate, with a significantly lower MSE (1.186562) compared to the ellipsoid (781.0542) and spherical models. This finding indicates that the non-linear model provides a more detailed and precise representation of the eye’s geometry. These results suggest that machine learning methods, particularly non-linear models, can significantly enhance the accuracy and usability of eye model extraction in clinical diagnostics, offering a robust framework for future advancements in medical imaging.

Combined Extracting Process and Activity Detection of Porcine Blood Superoxide Dismutase

[Objective] TO study the combined extracting process of porcine blood superoxide dismutase （SOD） and other bioactive substances and thus to provide technical basis for making full use of blood resources and large-scale production of SOD. [Method] Fibronectin, immunoglobulin, and hemoglobin were isolated from porcine blood, and SOD was extracted. Trace pyrogallol self-oxidation method to determine SOD activity was modified by optimizing the volume of pyrogallol and SOD samples, reaction temperature, and buffer pH. The specific activity of SOD was determined with the optimized extraction conditions. [ Result] The improved experimental conditions of SOD activity detection were as follows： 7 pyrogallol （50 mmol/L）, 3 ml Tris-HCI （50 mmol/L, pH 8.2）, reactive temperature at 25（3, and 10 pl SOD sample solution. The specific activity of extracted SOD was 5 056 U/mg protein. [ Conclusion] Four kinds of bioactive substance can be isolated from porcine blood by modern biological engi- neering integration technology, and the extracted SOD has better activity.

A Method Suitable for Extracting Genomic DNA from Animal and Plant——Modified CTAB Method

[Objective] The study aimed to introduce a rapid and effective method that is suitable for extracting genomic DNA from animal and plant. [ Method ] The genomic DNAs were extracted from tender leaves of 24 peanut cuhivars and from the liver, lung and kidney of white mouse through the specifically modified CTAB method. The DNAs were run on agarose gel, next detected by DNA/Protein analyzer. Finally PCR amplification was conducted to detect the quality of DNAs extracted using the modified CTAB method. [ Result] The clear and orderly bands were observed in gel detection, and the values of OD200/OD200 for DNAs extracted via modified CTAB method were between 1.77 - 1.83. The DNAs performed well in PCR amplification. [ Conclusion] The DNAs extracted by modified CTAB method could satisfy the requirement of PCR amplification.

Modified CTAB Method for Extracting Genomic DNA from Wheat Leaf

ObjectiveThe aim was to seek for a rapid DNA minipreparation method from wheat leaf. MethodThe total DNA of wheat leaf was extracted using CTAB, SDS and boiling water, separately, with some modifications. Integrity and purity of nucleic acids were detected through agarose gel electrophoresis, ultraviolet absorption and PCR. ResultThe DNA extracted by the modified CTAB method had high quality and purity, and was not degraded. Two hundreds of DNA samples could be extracted each workday by per capita using this method; and the PCR detection of wheat transgenic plants showed that amplified bands of target gene were clear, without false-positive, and the test results were satisfactory. The DNA purity and concentration extracted by modified SDS method were not as good as that extracted by modified CTAB method, but it also met the DNA requirements of major molecular research. The DNA quantity extracted by modified boiling method was small and there were a lot of impurities in it, PCR detection of this DNA showed no amplified band. ConclusionModified CTAB method is a simple and rapid method for DNA minipreparation from wheat leaf, and was suitable for PCR amplification and other molecular biology researches.

A Simple and Quick Method of Extracting Genomic DNA from Wheat Leaves

[ Objective] The aim was to seek a simple and quick method of extracting genomic DNA from wheat leaves. [ Method] Taking tender leaves of wheat as test materials, total DNA of transgenic wheat was extracted by using modified CTAB method. The extracted DNA was detected by 0.8% agarose gel electrophoresis. [ Result] DNA purity of extracted genome DNA from wheat was high and no degradation phenomenon using modified CTAB method, and was suitable for carrying out normal PCR amplification. [ Conclusion] This study provides a simple and quick method for extracting DNA from wheat with a spot of material.

An Improved Method of Extracting Artemisia abrotanum Genomic DNA

[ Objective ] The objective of this study is to explore a rapid and efficient method of extracting genomic DNA from Artemisia abrotanum. [ Method] Three methods of Cutting Method, Liquid Nitrogen Method and Quartz Sand Method based on SDS method were employed to extract Artemisia abrotanum genomlc DNA from tender leaf at seedling stage, tender spike and old leaf at heading stage. The obtained DNAs were detected by absorbance detection, agarose gel and PCR amplification. [ Result ] Cutting Method performed better than the other two methods compared in purity, extracting cycle and cost, accordingly more suitable for PCR amplification. The results also show that young spike is the best material for extracting genomic DNA from Artemisia Annua.

An Effective Method for Extracting Total RNA from Young Embryo of Seedless Litchi

A total RNA extraction method for young embryo of seedless litchi was introduced. CTAB, Phenol （saturated with water）, chloroform, Guanidine isothioeyanate were used as main extraction reagents. Polyphenolie compounds were removed effectively by added PVP into the extraction buffer solution. RNA was purified intensively by phenol, chloroform extraction, and ethanol deposition after deposited by LiCl. Both the results of formaldehyde denatured agarose gel eleetrophoresis and ultraviolet spectrophotometer analysis showed high integrity and purity of RNA. So the quality of extracted RNA could meet the demand of most molecular biology experiments that require higher quality RNA.

Extracting vanadium from stone-coal by oxygen pressure acid leaching and solvent extraction

Vanadium extraction from stone-coal was investigated by oxygen pressure acid leaching and solvent extraction.The mineralogy of the stone-coal from Tongren City of Guizhou Province,China,was investigated by various determination methods. The effects of leaching time,leaching temperature,leaching agent concentration,leaching L/S ratio,granularity of material,additive consumption were investigated based on the mineralogy.The results show that under the conditions of leaching time of 3-4 h, temperature of 150℃,sulfuric acid consumption of 25%?30%,ratio of liquid to solid of 1.2:1,the granularity less than 0.074 mm, additive consumption of 3%-5%,and oxygen pressure of 1.2 MPa,and the vanadium leaching rate can be more than 92%by the method of two-step pressurized acid leaching.The powdery V2O5 product with 99.52%in V2O5 content is obtained by the flowsheet of acid recovery,removing iron by reduction process,solvent extraction,precipitating vanadium with ammonium water,and pyrolysis from the stone-coal oxygen pressure acid-leaching solution.The total recovery efficiency of vanadium is above 85%,which is more than 20%higher than that obtained in the conventional process.Furthermore,the new process does not cause air pollution since no HCl or Cl2 is released by calcination of the raw material.

Comparison on Methods.for Extracting DNA from Pteridophyta

[ Objective] The aim was to study method for extracting DNA from pteridophyta and provide basis for further study on genetic diversity and taxonomy. [ Method] By changing the dosage of reagent and operating method, CTAB method for extracting DNA was improved. [ Result] The results showed that the improved CTAB method could extract high-quality DNA from pteridophyta. [ Conclusion] The study improved method for extracting DNA from pteridophyta.

Information-Theoretic Analysis for the Difficulty of Extracting Hidden Information

The difficulty of extracting hidden information, which is essentially a kindof secrecy, is analyzed by information-theoretic method. The relations between key rate, messagerate, hiding capacity and difficulty of extraction are studied in the terms of unicity distance ofstego-key, and the theoretic conclusion is used to analyze the actual extracting attack on LeastSignificant Bit(LSB) steganographic algorithms.

A novel dense spectrum correction algorithm for extracting vibration signals in internal combustion engine and its application

The algorithm of dense spectrum correction has been raised and proved based on the correction of discrete spectrum by fast Fourier transform.The result of simulation shows that such algorithm has advantages of high accuracy and small amount of calculation.The algorithm has been successfully applied to the analysis of vibration signals from internal combustion engine.To calculate discrete spectrum,fast Fourier transform has been used to calculate the discrete spectrum by the signals acquired by the sensors on the oil pan,and the signal has been extracted from the mixed signals.

Regeneration of waste activated carbon after extracting gold with steam under microwave heating:Optimization using response surface methodology

The technology that waste activated carbon after extracting gold is regenerated with steam under microwave heating was studied. The influence of the activation temperature, activation duration and steam flow rate on iodine adsorption value and regeneration yield of activated carbon was investigated. The response surface methodology （RSM） technique was utilized to optimize the process conditions. The optimum conditions for the preparation of activated carbon are identified to be activation temperature of 831 ℃, activation duration of 40 min and steam flow rate of 2.67 mL/min. The optimum conditions result in an activated carbon with an iodine number of 1048 mg/g and a yield of 40%, and the BET surface area evaluated using nitrogen adsorption isotherm is 1493 m2/g, with total pore volume of 1.242 cm3/g. And the pore structure of activated carbon regenerated is mainly composed of micropores and a small amount of mesopores.

Comparison on Several Methods for Extracting DNA from Raccoon Dog Hair Follicle

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate a reliable method for DNA ex- traction from Wusuli raccoon dog＇s hair. [Method] Several DNA extraction methods were used to extract DNA from Wusuli raccoon dog hair, including Chelex-100 method, PCR buffer method, organic phenol-chloroform method and centrifugal col- umn type kit method. The extracted DNA was analyzed by using PCR amplification and electrophoresis to compare these four DNA extraction methods. [Result] Accord- ing to the results of spectrophotometer detection and gel electrophoresis, nucleic acid extracted by Chetex-100 method had proteins and other impurities; nucleic acid ex- tracted by PCR buffer method was low in concentration; however, DNA extracted by organic phenol-chloroform method and centrifugal column type kit was high in con- centration with no impurity band. [Conclusion] This study had laid the strong founda- tion of scientific theory to further explore the efficient and simple method for extracting DNA from Wusuli raccoon dog hair follicle.

AUTO-EXTRACTING TECHNIQUE OF DYNAMIC CHAOS FEATURES FOR NONLINEAR TIME SERIES

The main purpose of nonlinear time series analysis is based on the rebuilding theory of phase space, and to study how to transform the response signal to rebuilt phase space in order to extract dynamic feature information, and to provide effective approach for nonlinear signal analysis and fault diagnosis of nonlinear dynamic system. Now, it has already formed an important offset of nonlinear science. But, traditional method cannot extract chaos features automatically, and it needs man＇s participation in the whole process. A new method is put forward, which can implement auto-extracting of chaos features for nonlinear time series. Firstly, to confirm time delay r by autocorrelation method; Secondly, to compute embedded dimension m and correlation dimension D; Thirdly, to compute the maximum Lyapunov index λmax; Finally, to calculate the chaos degree Dch of Poincare map, and the non-circle degree Dnc and non-order degree Dno of quasi-phase orbit. Chaos features extracting has important meaning to fault diagnosis of nonlinear system based on nonlinear chaos features. Examples show validity of the proposed method.

Minimum Amount of Extracting Solvent of a Separation of Two Rare Earth Components

A significant development in the theory of countercurrent extraction will be presented in this article. New expressions of the term in countercurrent extraction process analysis, “Adjacent Stage Impurity Ratio” (ASIR), are deduced. Furthermore, based on the term together with mass balance and extraction equilibrium, the conditions where a given countercurrent extraction separation operation can have minimum amounts of both extracting solvent and scrubbing agent solution can be estimated, and the equations of the two minimum amounts can be deduced. It was found that the equations for a two-component separation using a single aqueous or organic feed are exactly the same as they appeared in the theory initially established in 1970s. Unlike its earlier version, the present derivation does not involve feed-stage-composition hypothesis, and also has the advantage of dealing with a double-feed system where both aqueous and organic feeds are simultaneously employed whereas the earlier theory can only analyze a separation using a single aqueous or organic feed.

Extracting intraocular foreign body at or near the ciliary body with scleral indentation in direct visualization

Dear Editor,I＇m Dr. Qing-Huai Liu from Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing, China. I write to present four cases diagnosed with the intraocular foreign body （IOFB） at or near the ciliary body and to evaluate the effect of extracting IOFB with scleral indentation in direct visualization.

Study on the Extracting Technology of Natural Lycopene

Optimum technical parameters for extracting lycopene from tomatoes are studied with orthogonal experiments.The results show that chloroform has the best effect compared to 4 other groups of solvents:petroleum ether,acetic add + ethanol,acetic ether,and acetone + diethyl ether,associated with the parameters of 40℃,pH 5 and the ratio of tomato paste to solvent 1:1.

REFINING OF SULFATE SOAP AND EXTRACTING OF PHYTOSTEROLS

The sulfatc soap is refined through extracting unsaponifiable neutral substance using ethyl acetate and hcxane-acetone. The content of neutral substance in tall oil decreases from 32.8% to 17.4% and 18%. The acid number of tall oil increases from 119 to 169 and 153. The quality of tall oil is greatly improved. This provides a favorable condition for distillation of tall oil. The unsaponifiable neutral substance from crude sulfate soap mainly consists of tcrpene aldehydes, tcrpcnc alcohols, fatty alcohols and stcrols in which larixol is 26.3% and 18. 5%, stcrols arc 17% and 27.1% separately. The white crystals containing stcrols of 96.9% are obtained by crystallization and rccrystallization. The stcrols arc mainly β-sitostcrol and campcsterol.