The activation energy ΔE can indicate the strength of the interfacial membranes of microemulsion particles, so it could be used to discribe and discuss the stability of the formed microemulsion in extraction organic ...The activation energy ΔE can indicate the strength of the interfacial membranes of microemulsion particles, so it could be used to discribe and discuss the stability of the formed microemulsion in extraction organic phase- Variations of activation energies with water content for microemulsions formed in the organic phase of saponated P507 (2-ethyl-hexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester )-alcohol (n-propanol, n-butanol, n-pentanol and n-hexanol )-heptane-water were determined by measurement of electric conductivity.The curves between ΔE and water content VH2o were given. It is found that ΔE of butanol system decreases slightly with the increase of water content, while that of pentanol and hexanol systems presents a maximum. It is also found that the activati0n energy increases with the increase of the length of alcohol chain. These results reveal that the longer the length of alcohol chain, the bigger the strength of the interfacial membranes of particles, and the more stable the microemulsion is. Based on the above results, hexanol or octanol was always used as co-surfactant in extraction process.展开更多
以邱北辣为原料,以辣椒红色素相对量为评价指标,考察了提取温度、提取时间、液料比以及提取次数对辣椒红色素提取的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,采用正交实验对辣椒红色素的提取工艺进行优选。结果表明,以乙酸乙酯为提取溶剂,提取温度80...以邱北辣为原料,以辣椒红色素相对量为评价指标,考察了提取温度、提取时间、液料比以及提取次数对辣椒红色素提取的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,采用正交实验对辣椒红色素的提取工艺进行优选。结果表明,以乙酸乙酯为提取溶剂,提取温度80℃,提取时间95 m in,液料比(mL/g)为20∶1,提取2次时,提取的辣椒红色素色价可达105.6,得率为9.68%。展开更多
In the field of underwater image processing, the line and rounded objects, like mines and torpedoes, are the most common targets for rec, ognition. Before further analysis, these two image patterns need to be detected...In the field of underwater image processing, the line and rounded objects, like mines and torpedoes, are the most common targets for rec, ognition. Before further analysis, these two image patterns need to be detected and extracted from the underwater images in real-time. Using the subpixel position, direction and curvature information of an edge provided by Zernike Orthogonal Moment （ZOM） edge detection operators, an enhanced Randomized Hough Transform （RHT） to extract straight-lines is developed. This line extraction method consists of two steps ： the rough parameters of a line are obtained robustly at first using RHT with large quantization in the Hough space and then the parameters are refined with line fitting techniques. Therefore both the robustness and high precision can be achieved simultaneously. Particularly, the problem of ellipse extraction is often computationally demanding using traditional Hough Transform, since an ellipse is characterized by five parameters. Based on the generalized K-RASAC algorithm, we develop a new ellipse extraction algorithm using the concept of quadratic curve cluster and random sampling technique. We first develop a new representation of quadratic curves, which facilitates quantization and voting for the parameter A that represents a candidate ellipse among the quadratic curves. Then, after selecting two tangent points and calculating the quadratic parameter equation, we vote for the parameter A to determine an ellipse. Thus the problem of ellipse extraction is reduced into finding the local minimum in the A accumulator array. The methods presented have been applied successfully to the extraction of lines and ellipses from synthetic and real underwater images, serving as a basic computer vision module of the underwater objects recognition system. Compared to the standard RHT line extraction method and K-RANSAC ellipse extraction method, our methods have the attractive advantages of obtaining robustness and high precision simultaneously while preserving the merits of high computation speed and small storage requirement.展开更多
文摘The activation energy ΔE can indicate the strength of the interfacial membranes of microemulsion particles, so it could be used to discribe and discuss the stability of the formed microemulsion in extraction organic phase- Variations of activation energies with water content for microemulsions formed in the organic phase of saponated P507 (2-ethyl-hexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester )-alcohol (n-propanol, n-butanol, n-pentanol and n-hexanol )-heptane-water were determined by measurement of electric conductivity.The curves between ΔE and water content VH2o were given. It is found that ΔE of butanol system decreases slightly with the increase of water content, while that of pentanol and hexanol systems presents a maximum. It is also found that the activati0n energy increases with the increase of the length of alcohol chain. These results reveal that the longer the length of alcohol chain, the bigger the strength of the interfacial membranes of particles, and the more stable the microemulsion is. Based on the above results, hexanol or octanol was always used as co-surfactant in extraction process.
文摘以邱北辣为原料,以辣椒红色素相对量为评价指标,考察了提取温度、提取时间、液料比以及提取次数对辣椒红色素提取的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,采用正交实验对辣椒红色素的提取工艺进行优选。结果表明,以乙酸乙酯为提取溶剂,提取温度80℃,提取时间95 m in,液料比(mL/g)为20∶1,提取2次时,提取的辣椒红色素色价可达105.6,得率为9.68%。
文摘In the field of underwater image processing, the line and rounded objects, like mines and torpedoes, are the most common targets for rec, ognition. Before further analysis, these two image patterns need to be detected and extracted from the underwater images in real-time. Using the subpixel position, direction and curvature information of an edge provided by Zernike Orthogonal Moment （ZOM） edge detection operators, an enhanced Randomized Hough Transform （RHT） to extract straight-lines is developed. This line extraction method consists of two steps ： the rough parameters of a line are obtained robustly at first using RHT with large quantization in the Hough space and then the parameters are refined with line fitting techniques. Therefore both the robustness and high precision can be achieved simultaneously. Particularly, the problem of ellipse extraction is often computationally demanding using traditional Hough Transform, since an ellipse is characterized by five parameters. Based on the generalized K-RASAC algorithm, we develop a new ellipse extraction algorithm using the concept of quadratic curve cluster and random sampling technique. We first develop a new representation of quadratic curves, which facilitates quantization and voting for the parameter A that represents a candidate ellipse among the quadratic curves. Then, after selecting two tangent points and calculating the quadratic parameter equation, we vote for the parameter A to determine an ellipse. Thus the problem of ellipse extraction is reduced into finding the local minimum in the A accumulator array. The methods presented have been applied successfully to the extraction of lines and ellipses from synthetic and real underwater images, serving as a basic computer vision module of the underwater objects recognition system. Compared to the standard RHT line extraction method and K-RANSAC ellipse extraction method, our methods have the attractive advantages of obtaining robustness and high precision simultaneously while preserving the merits of high computation speed and small storage requirement.
