The Lubricating Effectiveness of S-Mo Extreme Pressure Additive and Its Anti-wear Mechanism

A kind of novel compound containing S and Mo elements was synthesized. Its chemical structure was characterized by elemental analysis, IR and 3MR. hs anti-wear property and the load-carrying capacity, as an extreme pressure （EP） additive of lubricating oil, were investigated using a four-bull tester. The experimentul results show that the additive exhibits a superior anti-wear property and a high load-carrying capacity . The presence of other additives does not interfere with the anti-wear prnperty of the extreme pressure additive. The influences of load and temperature on the propert） of the additive were examined. The possible mechanism uas investigated by means of sufface analysis of the tested steel ball specimen , using XPS. The lubricatian films formed on the rubbing surface are mainly composed of MoS2, MoO3 and MoO2.

Key technologies for construction of Jinping traffic tunnel with an extremely deep overburden and a high water pressure

Jinping traffic tunnel is one of the deepest traffic tunnels in the world with a maximum overburden of 2 375 m and the overburden over 73% of its total length is larger than 1 500 m. The tunnel is 17.5 km long and designed to provide a shortcut road between two hydropower stations： Jinping I and Jinping II of the Jinping Hydropower Project, located on Yalong River, Liangshan State, Sichuan Province, China. The tunnel is so deep that building any shafts is impossible. The construction starts from both ends （east and west ends）, and the construction length from the west end is 10 km with a blind heading. This paper deals with an overview of this project and analysis of the engineering features, as well as key technologies developed and applied during the construction, including geological prediction, rock burst prevention under a super high in-situ stress, sealing of groundwater with a high pressure and big flow rate, ventilation for a blind heading of 10 km, wet spraying of shotcrete at zones of rock burst and rich water, etc. The application of the new technologies to the construction achieved a high quality tunnel within the contract period.

ROLLING CONTACT FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF CERAMIC BALLS LUBRICATED BY LUBRICANTS WITH EXTREME PRESSURE ADDITIVES

An experiment is conducted to investigate the effects of lubricant10#, which contains extreme pressure additives T304 and T305, on the rolling contact fatigue （RCF） life of the contact pairs of a Si3N4 ceramic ball and a steel rod. The experimental investigation is carried out using a ball-rod RCF test rig. The results show that the extreme pressure additives increase the anti-contact-fatigue performance of ceramic balls; When the content of the additives varies from 1% to 5%, the increasing gradient of the RCF life curve decreases; And the oil sample with 1% T305 additive corresponds to the maximal gradient of the RCF life curve, with the RCF life being increased by about 10.77 times. The fatigue surface of the ceramic ball is analyzed with scanning electron microscope （SEM） and X-ray electron dispersion analysis（EDAX）, and the physical model of extreme pressure additives＇ increasing the RCF life of the ceramic ball is proposed. It is found that the extreme pressure additives form a corrosive film and a transfer film on the surface of the ceramic ball, which decrease the surface tangential stress, and to increase the surface energy is the most effective means for increasing the RCF life.

Numerical analysis of coal-gas flow and pressure relief on the mining method of extreme short-range protective strata

The coal-gas existing condition was ameliorated in the coal seams prone to coal-gas outburst adopting the mining method of protective strata.The gas volume and the gas pressure were reduced synchronously in the protected coal seam,and the coal seam of high permeability prone to the coal-gas outburst was changed into that of low perme- ability with no proneness to the coal-gas outburst.The D_(15)coal seam was treated as the protective strata,and the D_(16-17)coal seam was treated as the protected strata in the Fifth coal mine in the Pingdingshan Coal Mining Group.The distance between the two coal seams was 5 m averagely,clarified into the extreme short-range protective strata.The numerical analysis was based on the theory of the porous media flow with the finite ele- ment method.The gas flow process and the change mechanism of the coal-gas pressure were analyzed in the process of mining the protective strata.

Analysis of the pressure at a vertical barrier due to extreme wave run-up over variable bathymetry

The pressure load at a vertical barrier caused by extreme wave run-up is analysed numerically, using the conformal mapping method to solve the two-dimensional free surface Euler equations in a pseudospectral model. Previously this problem has been examined in the case of a flat-bottomed geometry. Here,the model is extended to consider a varying bathymetry. Numerical experiments show that an increasing step-like bottom profile may enhance the extreme run-up of long waves but result in a reduced pressure load.

Ongoing Blood Pressure Change in Both Upper Extremities: An Unusual Presentation of Aortic Dissection

Aortic dissection is a critical condition requiring immediate assessment and management. Patients with this condition usually present with severe chest pain and high blood pressure. However, because of the variety of presenting symptoms and features, it is a challenge to identify this condition, and patients are frequently misdiagnosed. The potentially critical course of aortic dissection can result in tragedy. We present the case of a 46-year-old woman who initially presented with a light headache and sensory loss in her right upper limb. She had a medical history of hypertension without regular medication, and her blood pressure (BP) was 110/67 mmHg on arrival. Four days later, she was sent to the emergency department again because she experienced transient loss of consciousness lasting for a few minutes. Her BP was 94/57 mmHg in the right arm and 89/54 in the left arm. She was admitted to the hospital, and the pulses in both upper limbs were impalpable on the following day. Chest magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was arranged, and subsequently, aortic dissection was diagnosed. The case presented with unusual characteristics, which increased the difficulty in immediate correct diagnosis.

Analysis on Extreme Gale of Capital Airport

Observation data of extreme gale in Capital Airport during 1976-2013 were analyzed,and climate characteristics of extreme gale in Capital Airport were summarized. Moreover,three extreme gale weather processes with larger influences on December 10,2010,November 22,2011 and March 9,2013 were contrasted and analyzed,and results showed that extreme gale in Capital Airport mainly appeared during March-April or December-January. Occurrence frequency of extreme gale was the most from late afternoon to evening,and the minimum was from night to morning,while peak appeared during 14:00-15:00. Extreme gale of Capital Airport was dominated by northwest gale at the rear of cold front,and the peak occurred at the wind direction of 330°. The common effect of strong cold high pressure going south at the rear of ground cold front and highaltitude transverse trough turning vertical was main cause of extreme gale in Capital Airport,and momentum transmission below 500 hP a also had an important effect in the generation of extreme gale.

Extremely high wall pressure events in shock wave and turbulent boundary layer interactions using DNS data

This study investigates high-amplitude Extreme Wall Pressure fluctuation Events(EWPEs)in Shock wave/Turbulent Boundary Layer Interactions(STBLIs)through the conditional sampling of direct numerical simulation databases.The aim is to evaluate the effect of STBLIs and their strength on the statistical properties and associated turbulent structures of EWPEs using the conditional-averaging and clustering method.The temporal statistical results show that the occurrence probability and contribution ratio of EWPEs decrease downstream of strong STBLI,but their duration and interval time increase.Regarding two-dimensional wall pressure structures,the large population of small-scale structures becomes more elongated,but strong interactions induce a greater number of large-scale structures.The pairing of wall pressure events with a higher occurrence probability is verified by the joint probability density functions.Conditional analysis reveals that,as the interaction strength increases,the ejection motion associated with positive events occurs farther downstream and the spanwise vortex core locating above negative events is lifted up along the wall-normal direction.Moreover,analysis associates the paired wall pressure events with the sweep,ejection,and swirl motions in STBLIs,where hairpin eddies play an important role in the formation of positive-negative paired wall pressure structures.

Failure Mechanism of O-Ring Seals under Extreme Operating Conditions

In this paper the behavior of an O-ring made of NBR rubber was investigated under extreme conditions. The effect of the extreme initial compression, operating pressure and extreme temperature conditions were examined. The rubber material was tested in simple tension, pure shear and equibiaxial tension modes complemented with a Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) to capture the viscoelastic behavior of the material. For the investigation, a large-strain viscoelastic material model was developed by the authors, to take into account the large deformations caused by extreme conditions. Insufficient space during installation causes extreme initial compression consequently leading the material to crack on the contacting outer surfaces. It was found that the excessive strain and friction induced shear stress contributes primarily to this phenomenon. Extreme operating pressure causes the seal to penetrate into the gap between the shaft and the housing. This behavior damages the material and cracks appear on the seal. High strain areas were found in the proximity of the gap in the material. The analysis of the extreme operating temperature showed that during cooling the O-ring can completely loose its ability to seal at -70°C. There are three contributing factors: the speed of cooling, the temperature and the coefficient of thermal expansion.

Inhomogeneous Dielectric Target Properties for Increased Non-thermal Pressure in Laser Boron Fusion by CPA-Pulses

Based on the documentation of the invited paper and the subsequent discussion at a virtual conference,discoveries are indicated,which are summarized in the following paper for further evaluation on the topic of non-thermal forces using terms of extremely powerful components of Maxwell’s stress tensor at the interaction of CPA(chirped pulse amplification)laser pulses in the fusion plasmas of hydrogen with the isotope 11 of boron.This is caused by a recoil mechanism given by the Fresnel formulas of the suppression of the reflectivity of inhomogeneous plasma given by optical constants of the plasma properties.

极端条件下含能材料的模拟研究思考

含能材料在军事、民用和航天等领域具有广泛应用,极端条件下其物理化学性质会发生显著变化。通过模拟研究预测和优化含能材料性能具有重要意义,包括性能预测、优化设计、安全评估、成本效率控制等。为此,综述了极端条件下含能材料的研究背景、基本性质、模拟研究方法及进展、关键问题以及相关实验研究进展。其中,详细介绍了量子力学、分子动力学、蒙特卡罗和有限元等模拟方法及其研究进展,阐述了高压、高温、激光作用和界面效应等极端条件下模拟研究的关键问题,并列举了含能材料在撞击感度、化学释能规律、3D打印、绿色电合成、爆轰机理和超高含能材料合成等方面的实验研究进展。通过遴选代表性研究,展示了模拟研究在实际问题中的应用和解决方案。同时,介绍了一些最新研究成果,以反映该领域的最新进展和未来趋势。此外,详细讨论了跨学科研究的实现方式以及含能材料在极端条件下的安全性问题,包括可能的风险和预防措施。

Oil-soluble ionic liquids as antiwear and extreme pressure additives in poly-α-olefin for steel/steel contacts

To enhance the lubricating and extreme pressure(EP) performance of base oils, two types of oil-soluble ionic liquids(ILs) with similar anion albeit dissimilar cations were synthesized. The physical properties of the prepared ILs were measured. The anticorrosion properties of ILs were assessed by conducting corrosion tests on steel discs and copper strips, which revealed the remarkable anticorrosion properties of the ILs in comparison with those of the commercial additive zinc dialkyldithiophosphate(ZDDP). The tribological properties of the two ILs as additives for poly-α-olefin-10(PAO10) with various mass concentrations were investigated. The tribological test results indicate that these ILs as additives are capable of reducing friction and wear of sliding contacts remarkably as well as enhance the EP performance of blank PAO10. Under similar test conditions, these IL additives exhibit higher lubricating and anti-wear(AW) performances than those of ZDDP based additive package in PAO10. Subsequently, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS) were conducted to study the lubricating mechanism of the two ILs. The results indicate that the formation of tribochemical film plays the most crucial role in enhancing the lubricating and AW behavior of the mixture lubricants.

Real-time human blood pressure measurement based on laser self-mixing interferometry with extreme learning machine

In this paper, we present a method based on self-mixing interferometry combing extreme learning machine for real-time human blood pressure measurement. A signal processing method based on wavelet transform is applied to extract reversion point in the self-mixing interference signal, thus the pulse wave profile is successfully reconstructed. Considering the blood pressure values are intrinsically related to characteristic parameters of the pulse wave, 80 samples from the MIMIC-II database are used to train the extreme learning machine blood pressure model. In the experiment, 15 measured samples of pulse wave signal are used as the prediction sets. The results show that the errors of systolic and diastolic blood pressure are both within 5 mm Hg compared with that by the Coriolis method.

极近距离煤层开采无煤柱自成巷控制方法研究

极近距离煤层传统长壁开采,受上层遗留煤柱和采空区垮落等因素的影响,下煤层开采过程中应力环境复杂、矿压显现剧烈,易诱发巷道围岩大变形。为解决上述问题,提出了极近距离条件下巷道定向切顶–约束高强支护无煤柱自成巷控制方法。通过顶板定向预裂切顶,主动改变顶板悬臂结构,切断采空区向巷道顶板的应力传递。充分利用矿山压力和岩体碎胀特性,取消煤柱留设,结合高强支护加强巷道顶板整体性,共同实现切顶自成巷。建立了极近距离煤层开采覆岩结构模型,计算了下煤层切顶自成巷巷旁支护阻力。以典型极近距离煤层为工程背景,开展了不同开采方法的数值试验对比研究,结果表明,提出的自成巷控制方法使巷道围岩应力降低59.8%,巷道顶板变形减少70.8%,并明确了极近距离煤层开采无煤柱自成巷控制机理。在此基础上,开展了典型极近距离煤层工程设计及现场应用研究,结果表明该方法有效降低了矿压显现程度,保证了自成巷的安全稳定控制。

国内外建筑围护结构风荷载规范对比研究

针对围护结构设计风荷载,分析了如下风荷载规范中的相关规定:中国GB 50009—2012、中国JGJ/T 481—2019、美国ASCE/SEI 7⁃16、日本AIJ⁃2015、澳大利亚/新西兰AS/NZS 1170.2:2021、欧洲BS EN 1991⁃1⁃4:2005、加拿大NBCC 2015。分析结果表明,国内外围护结构风荷载规范的理论基础主要包括准定常理论和风压极值理论,均将设计风荷载表示成设计风速与设计风压系数的乘积;设计风速的确定需要考虑地貌、局部地形、季节、风向、相邻建筑干扰等因素的影响,各国规范对这些因素考虑的详尽程度不一;设计风压系数则需要考虑来流湍流和特征湍流共同作用下风压的时间随机性和空间分布不均匀性、不同方向来流时建筑表面风压的差异性、建筑表面风压相关性等因素,各国规范均通过风压分区和面积折减较好地考虑了这些因素,不同之处在于不同规范所涵盖的建筑体型、考虑建筑几何参数影响的风压分区结果及面积折减的特征有所区别。

负压封闭引流联合拜尔坦敷料在糖尿病下肢溃疡治疗中的临床研究

目的探讨负压封闭引流联合拜尔坦敷料在糖尿病下肢溃疡治疗中的临床效果。方法选取2022年1月—2023年12月玉林市红十字会医院收治的100例糖尿病下肢溃疡患者为研究对象,根据治疗方式分为两组,各50例。其中实施局部创面常规换药的患者为对照组,实施负压封闭引流联合拜尔坦敷料治疗的患者为观察组。比较两组临床疗效、疼痛情况、临床相关治疗指标。结果观察组患者临床治疗总有效率(96.00%)高于对照组(84.00%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.212,P=0.045)。治疗后,观察组患者疼痛程度评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=4.807,P<0.001)。观察组换药频率低于对照组,溃疡愈合时间及平均住院时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=5.755、6.268、7.148,P均<0.001)。结论在糖尿病下肢溃疡治疗中实施负压封闭引流及拜尔坦敷料,疗效确切,可积极减轻患者疼痛程度,缩短相关治疗时间,促进患者恢复。

电机轴承用全氟聚醚润滑脂的研制与性能

研制了一种电机轴承用全氟聚醚润滑脂。通过对基础油,稠化剂和添加剂的考察,确定了电机轴承用全氟聚醚润滑脂由全氟聚丙醚基础油,聚四氟乙烯稠化剂,3%白炭黑,3%有机含锌盐抗磨极压剂,3%硫化异丁烯抗磨极压剂,2%纳米碳酸钙和3%有机硼酸酯抗磨极压剂组成。研制的电机轴承用全氟聚醚润滑脂的磨斑直径为0.41mm,烧结负荷P_(D)值达到7846N,最大无卡咬负荷值达到1961N,制备的全氟聚醚润滑脂与橡胶的相容性良好,达到了研制目标。(图4表9参考文献10)

不同风场中特高压换流站阀厅屋盖风压特性试验研究

特高压(ultra high voltage,UHV)换流站阀厅的金属屋面系统在风荷载作用下易发生屋面表层风揭事故。为深入探讨该类建筑屋面的风压极值特性,基于风洞试验分别探讨了大气边界层(atmospheric-boundary-layer,ABL)风、壁面射流、均匀湍流三种风场作用下的屋面风压特性,比较了平均风剖面、风速、风向、湍流强度等因素对屋面风压的影响。结果表明:阀厅屋盖迎风前缘负风压最大,且控制风向角在45°左右;壁面射流风场下平均风压系数与脉动风压系数均超过大气边界层风场的结果;风速对阀厅屋盖的负风压系数均值和极值影响较小,而湍流度对风压系数的极值影响较大;大气边界风场时,JGJ/T 481—2019《屋盖结构风荷载标准》的最不利风压系数建议值偏于安全;而在壁面射流风场下,阀厅屋盖全风向最不利风压系数在所有区域都大于JGJ/T 481—2019的建议值,设计中应加以重视。

暖季日夜复合热与成年人血压的关联及生理和行为驱动因素的定组研究

目的了解暖季日夜复合热与成年人血压的关联,探讨可能的生理和行为驱动因素。方法基于定组设计于2020年5—9月在广东省广州市番禺区对35名健康成年人进行5次连续随访,使用电子血压计测量其血压水平(每月一次),利用便携式温湿度仪器收集血压测量前7天其生活环境的温湿度,通过问卷调查收集其社会人口学资料与行为因素,使用嵌入分布滞后非线性模型“交叉基”函数的随机效应模型分析日夜复合热与成年人血压的关联,并探讨这种关联的可能驱动因素。结果与正常日相比,日夜复合热显著增加收缩压和舒张压水平,改变量分别为8.35(95%CI:2.54~14.15)和6.55(95%CI:1.49~11.60)mmHg,未观察到单独热日、单独热夜与血压的显著关联。生理驱动因素方面,暴露于日夜复合热会显著增加血管紧张素Ⅱ的水平,改变量为28.29(95%CI:1.52~55.07)pg/mL,人体超敏C反应蛋白水平也增加1.24(95%CI:0.25~2.46)mg/L。在行为驱动因素方面,暴露于日夜复合热时,研究对象的啤酒饮用量增加200.69(95%CI:79.16~322.22)mL。结论暴露于日夜复合热时,收缩压和舒张压水平显著增加。血管紧张素Ⅱ与超敏C反应蛋白水平的升高可能是其生理驱动因素,啤酒饮用量的增加可能是其行为驱动因素。

基于极限工况的压气机气动噪声排放特性与机理研究

发动机配备涡轮增压器是缓解能源短缺和减少气体排放的有效途径,但其压气机气动噪声排放成为了亟需解决的重要问题。在柴油机涡轮增压器研究中,压气机极限工况下(近喘振和堵塞工况)的气动噪声排放规律及其与内部流动特征之间的关系仍不清晰。为研究压气机在极限工况下的气动噪声排放特性与机理,本文采用试验和数值模拟方法对某涡轮增压器压气机的气动噪声开展分析。试验结果表明:在近喘振和堵塞工况下,压气机气动噪声总声压级随着转速的升高而增大,在低转速下,气动噪声总声压级受压气机工作流量影响较明显;在压气机气动噪声中,叶片通过频率(BPF)噪声占据主导地位,随着转速升高,叶片通过频率噪声对气动噪声总声压级贡献度增大,其占比最高达75.35%。模拟结果表明:在近喘振和堵塞工况下,压气机内部流动存在明显失速现象,其中在近堵塞工况下,压气机旋转域和扩压器域以多重单音噪声为主,叶轮与扩压器间的动静干涉对轴频及其谐频噪声均有较高贡献度;在近喘振工况下,压气机进口和出口以低频噪声为主,叶轮叶片与进气来流存在的干涉作用对诱导产生的低频噪声影响较为明显。