ROLLING CONTACT FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF CERAMIC BALLS LUBRICATED BY LUBRICANTS WITH EXTREME PRESSURE ADDITIVES

An experiment is conducted to investigate the effects of lubricant10#, which contains extreme pressure additives T304 and T305, on the rolling contact fatigue （RCF） life of the contact pairs of a Si3N4 ceramic ball and a steel rod. The experimental investigation is carried out using a ball-rod RCF test rig. The results show that the extreme pressure additives increase the anti-contact-fatigue performance of ceramic balls; When the content of the additives varies from 1% to 5%, the increasing gradient of the RCF life curve decreases; And the oil sample with 1% T305 additive corresponds to the maximal gradient of the RCF life curve, with the RCF life being increased by about 10.77 times. The fatigue surface of the ceramic ball is analyzed with scanning electron microscope （SEM） and X-ray electron dispersion analysis（EDAX）, and the physical model of extreme pressure additives＇ increasing the RCF life of the ceramic ball is proposed. It is found that the extreme pressure additives form a corrosive film and a transfer film on the surface of the ceramic ball, which decrease the surface tangential stress, and to increase the surface energy is the most effective means for increasing the RCF life.

The Lubricating Effectiveness of S-Mo Extreme Pressure Additive and Its Anti-wear Mechanism

A kind of novel compound containing S and Mo elements was synthesized. Its chemical structure was characterized by elemental analysis, IR and 3MR. hs anti-wear property and the load-carrying capacity, as an extreme pressure （EP） additive of lubricating oil, were investigated using a four-bull tester. The experimentul results show that the additive exhibits a superior anti-wear property and a high load-carrying capacity . The presence of other additives does not interfere with the anti-wear prnperty of the extreme pressure additive. The influences of load and temperature on the propert） of the additive were examined. The possible mechanism uas investigated by means of sufface analysis of the tested steel ball specimen , using XPS. The lubricatian films formed on the rubbing surface are mainly composed of MoS2, MoO3 and MoO2.

Oil-soluble ionic liquids as antiwear and extreme pressure additives in poly-α-olefin for steel/steel contacts

To enhance the lubricating and extreme pressure(EP) performance of base oils, two types of oil-soluble ionic liquids(ILs) with similar anion albeit dissimilar cations were synthesized. The physical properties of the prepared ILs were measured. The anticorrosion properties of ILs were assessed by conducting corrosion tests on steel discs and copper strips, which revealed the remarkable anticorrosion properties of the ILs in comparison with those of the commercial additive zinc dialkyldithiophosphate(ZDDP). The tribological properties of the two ILs as additives for poly-α-olefin-10(PAO10) with various mass concentrations were investigated. The tribological test results indicate that these ILs as additives are capable of reducing friction and wear of sliding contacts remarkably as well as enhance the EP performance of blank PAO10. Under similar test conditions, these IL additives exhibit higher lubricating and anti-wear(AW) performances than those of ZDDP based additive package in PAO10. Subsequently, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS) were conducted to study the lubricating mechanism of the two ILs. The results indicate that the formation of tribochemical film plays the most crucial role in enhancing the lubricating and AW behavior of the mixture lubricants.

Effect of Fluorides and Cerium Dioxide Additives onEP and Antiwear Performance of Grease

CeF3. CaF2, (CF)n, SbF3, and CeO2 were selected as the high temperature solid additives in a lithium grease, and their friction, wear, and extreme pressure properties were evaluated on an Optimol-SRV wear tester. The effect of additive on the fiber structure of soap was studied by means of the transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The corrosive property of grease containing additive was evaluated by copper strip corrosion test. Thermal decomposition behaviors of the additives were studied by thermogravimetry(TG) tester. The adhesive strength of rubbing surface film was measured by automatic scratch tester and the wear surface was detected by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The test results showed that the grease containing CeF3 has good anti-wear, anti-friction, and EP performances, and has high adhesive strength of rubbing surface film.The greases containing CaF2 or (CF)n are good in antiwear and anti-friction properties, but poor in extreme pressure function. The tribological properties of the grease containing SbF3 are decreased.And the addition of CeO2 in grease was useless. Finally the mechanism of fluoride additive was proposed in this paper.

添加剂对聚脲润滑脂性能的影响

采用直接法制备聚脲润滑脂,考察了五种添加剂对聚脲润滑脂极压抗磨性能的影响。结果表明,五种添加剂均与聚脲润滑脂具有良好的相容性,且对聚脲润滑脂的胶体安定性等基本无影响,并可增强其热稳定性;添加剂可显著强化聚脲润滑脂的极压抗磨性,含硫磷的复合多效添加剂对聚脲润滑脂极压抗磨性能的提升作用相对较好。研究结果可为聚脲润滑脂极压抗磨性能的改善提供可参考的基础,使其综合性能达到相对最优,从而增强聚脲润滑脂在高负荷、高速机械设备等苛刻工况下的实际使用性能。

Tribological performance of organic cadmium compound as lubricant additive

The oil-soluble cadmium dipropyldithiophosphate additive was synthesized. A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the tribological performance of the additive in a mineral oil under different loads and lubricant grease synthesized compared with some commercial additives. The results show that it exhibits excellent antiwear and load-carrying capacities and is better than other additives. The surface analytical tools such as scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) were used to investigate the topography, the compositions, and chemical states of some typical elements on the rubbing surface of worn scar.Smooth and light topography of worn scar further confirms that the additive shows good antiwear capacities. The results of EDX and XPS analyses indicate that tribochemical mixed protective films consisting of atomic cadmium, sulphides, sulphates and phosphates are formed on the rubbing surface, which contribute to improving the tribological properties of lubricant and grease. Particularly, the soft cadmium film formed plays an important role in improving antiwear properties of oils. Finally, antiwear mechanism of the additive and formation scheme of atomic cadmium was proposed.

Vegetable Oil-Based Nanolubricants in Machining:From Physicochemical Properties to Application

Cutting fluid is crucial in ensuring surface quality and machining accuracy during machining.However,traditional mineral oil-based cutting fluids no longer meet modern machining’s health and environmental protection require-ments.As a renewable,pollution-free alternative with excellent processing characteristics,vegetable oil has become an inevitable replacement.However,vegetable oil lacks oxidation stability,extreme pressure,and antiwear proper-ties,which are essential for machining requirements.The physicochemical characteristics of vegetable oils and the improved methods’application mechanism are not fully understood.This study aims to investigate the effects of viscosity,surface tension,and molecular structure of vegetable oil on cooling and lubricating properties.The mechanisms of autoxidation and high-temperature oxidation based on the molecular structure of vegetable oil are also discussed.The study further investigates the application mechanism and performance of chemical modification and antioxidant additives.The study shows that the propionic ester of methyl hydroxy-oleate obtained by epoxidation has an initial oxidation temperature of 175℃.The application mechanism and extreme pressure performance of conventional extreme pressure additives and nanoparticle additives were also investigated to solve the problem of insufficient oxidation resistance and extreme pressure performance of nanobiological lubricants.Finally,the study discusses the future prospects of vegetable oil for chemical modification and nanoparticle addition.The study provides theoretical guidance and technical support for the industrial application and scientific research of vegetable oil in the field of lubrication and cooling.It is expected to promote sustainable development in the manufacturing industry.

一种磷氮型极压抗磨剂在锂基润滑脂中的摩擦学性能

研究了一种磷氮型极压抗磨剂在锂基润滑脂中的摩擦学性能,通过四球试验、SRV试验和振荡摩擦磨损试验比较了基础脂和含有添加剂润滑脂的极压抗磨减摩性能,并通过三维形貌仪进行了形貌分析,验证试验结果。结果表明:磷氮型极压抗磨剂添加质量分数为3.0%时具有突出的抗磨和减摩性能及较好的极压性能,极压减摩抗磨机理是磷氮型添加剂在摩擦副表面形成含氮富磷的边界润滑膜。

噻二唑衍生物润滑油添加剂研究进展

综述了近年来噻二唑衍生物润滑油添加剂的研究进展。主要介绍了含黄原酸结构的噻二唑衍生物添加剂、含二硫键结构的噻二唑衍生物添加剂、硼酸酯(盐)类噻二唑衍生物添加剂、含酰胺结构的噻二唑衍生物添加剂、噻二唑希夫碱添加剂、含酯或醚结构的噻二唑衍生物添加剂等一系列单一噻二唑润滑油添加剂。此外,还介绍了纳米颗粒与噻二唑衍生物的复合润滑油添加剂,该类复合润滑油添加剂能够显著提高润滑油基础油的摩擦性能。提出了制备油酸型噻二唑衍生物润滑油添加剂、噻二唑类离子液体润滑油添加剂及噻二唑纳米微粒润滑油添加剂的展望。

轧辊轴承润滑脂生产工艺的改进研究

轧辊轴承润滑脂采用复合金属皂稠化深度精制矿物基础油,并加入多种功能添加剂而制成,具有良好的耐高温性、黏附性、极压抗磨性,是一种高性能的复合锂基润滑脂。面对高温、有水、重负荷、长周期等复杂工况,轧辊轴承润滑脂在某大型钢厂生产线集中润滑系统使用不适应,偶发性出现黏附性差和易流失的现象。本次改进研究通过提高反应过程最高炼制温度,调整基础油,用高黏度HVI 120 BS与HVI 750基础油配比生产,并调整添加剂种类,增加2%抗氧剂A2和1.5%极压抗磨剂B2,可以降低轧辊轴承润滑脂皂分,提高轧辊轴承润滑脂黏附性,改善极压抗磨性与氧化安定性,在实际应用中可以有效改善黏附性差和易流失的问题。

航空润滑油防锈性能研究

采用湿热试验和液相锈蚀试验方法考察了酯类基础油、防锈剂和极压抗磨剂对航空润滑油防锈性能的影响。结果表明己二酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷酯和季戊四醇酯基础油均不具备良好的防锈性能;防锈剂的加入能改善基础油的防锈性能,不同种类的防锈剂所表现出的防锈效果差异很大,含氮化合物和羧酸类防锈剂的防锈效果远大于酯类防锈剂;极压抗磨剂的加入降低了航空润滑油的防锈性能,极压抗磨剂含量增加,防锈性能随之变差,硫代磷酸三苯酯(TPPT)抗磨剂比磷酸三甲酚酯(TCP)抗磨剂对防锈性能的抑制作用更明显。

二烷基二硫代磷酸锑的合成及性能研究

文章研究了二烷基二硫代磷酸锑的合成工艺,通过考察反应时间、反应温度、投料方式、催化剂、原材料规格等,得出了最佳合成工艺,制备出了纯度较高、比值(碱式盐∶中式盐)适中的二烷基二硫代磷酸锑产品。对不同纯度、不同比值(碱式盐∶中式盐)的产品进行了抗氧、抗腐、极压、抗磨等性能评价,结果表明,纯度越高,产品的抗氧、抗腐、极压、抗磨性能越好,但油溶性和纯度没有明显对应关系。得出了产品中碱式盐与中式盐比值的最佳范围为0.84~1.30,为其应用提供了参考。

表面修饰硼酸盐润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能

制备了表面修饰的硼酸盐润滑油添加剂（球形颗粒，粒径大都小于０．５μｍ），且用四球试验机研究了其摩擦学性能．结果表明：这种添加剂具有良好的极压抗磨减摩性能，当润滑油中元素Ｂ的质量分数为０．０５％时，四球磨斑直径最小，最大无卡咬负荷（ｐＢ值）最高；基础油的粘度和含水量对添加剂的极压抗磨性能有较大的影响，粘度为６５．３０ｍｍ２／ｓ时的极压抗磨性最好，水的质量分数为１％时的ｐＢ值最高，低于１％时的ｐＢ值比不含水时的高，水的质量分数高于１％时的ｐＢ值随水含量的增加而降低．Ｘ射线光电子能谱分析发现，表面修饰的硼酸盐润滑油添加剂在摩擦表面形成了一层混合的摩擦化学反应膜，其中元素Ｂ主要以ＢＮ的形式存在．

极压、抗磨剂对锂基润滑脂抗磨减摩性能的影响

采用四球和SRV试验机分别考察了不同浓度的3种添加剂（T321,TCP和T202）在不同酸碱性的锂基润滑脂中的极压、抗磨性;并分别采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪观测钢球的磨斑表面形貌和分析钢球磨斑表面的主要元素。研究发现,在适宜的酸碱性下,硬脂酸对含3种添加剂的锂基润滑脂的抗磨、极压性有增效作用。添加3%T202或1%~2%T321或2%TCP的弱酸性锂基润滑脂相应的摩擦系数最低、磨斑直径最小、磨损量最少、PD或PB值较高。而且,含3种不同添加剂的锂基润滑脂润滑下的钢球磨斑形貌有明显区别,其减摩抗磨机制为在摩擦表面生成含硫、磷、锌等元素的化学沉积膜。

高压硫化异丁烯的中试合成研究

高压硫化异丁烯的中试研究考察了实验室合成工艺的可行性 ,确定了精馏工艺条件 ,对废物料进行了循环使用 。

表面修饰氟化镧微粉的制备及极压性能研究

以硝酸镧、氟化氨等为原料 ,经溶液反应及适当的修饰工艺制备了表面修饰氟化镧微粉 将所制备的微粉作为极压抗磨剂 ,以四球实验测试了氟化镧微粉的最大无卡咬负荷 (pB)及磨痕直径 (D) 结果表明 ,经表面修饰的氟化镧微粉具有较好的极压抗磨性能 ,其极压性能优于目前普遍使用的极压抗磨剂二烷基二硫代磷酸锌ZnDDP 以扫描电子显微镜 (SEM )、X射线光电子能谱 (XPS)观察和分析了蚀球磨痕形貌及磨痕表面的化学成分 ,在摩擦过程中氟化镧微粉与摩擦副表面发生摩擦化学反应 ,生成了由氧化镧、氧化铁等组成的边界润滑膜 。

四氮唑衍生物添加剂对液体石蜡和锂基脂的极压抗磨性能的影响

合成了一系列含四氮唑官能团的衍生物 ,并在四球摩擦磨损试验机上考察了其作为液体石蜡和锂基润滑脂添加剂的承载能力和抗磨性能 .同时采用 X射线光电子能谱对四氮唑官能团的抗磨作用机理进行了初步探讨 .结果表明 :含四氮唑官能团的衍生物添加剂能在一定程度上提高 3#锂基脂和液体石蜡的承载能力 ,并具有较好的抗磨性能 .在摩擦表面膜中 N的存在形式为有机氮化学态 ,Fe的存在形式为 Fe3O4.正是这种含有机氮络合物和

二烷基二硫代磷酸盐类润滑剂添加剂的合成工艺及进展

本文论述了二烷基二硫代磷酸及其金属盐添加剂ZDDP、CuDDP、CdDDP、PbDDP、MoDDP、SbDDP和二烷基二硫代磷酸复酯盐的基本合成工艺。评定结果表明,它们都是一种具有抗氧、减磨、抗磨、极压和抗腐作用的多效添加剂,并且磷酸复酯盐添加剂在与磷酸盐添加剂等量的情况下效果更好。

无硫磷喹唑啉酮胺多效润滑油添加剂的性能

制备了一种新型无硫磷的喹唑啉酮胺润滑油添加剂。通过热重试验(TG)和油溶性试验考察了该剂的热稳定性及在液体石蜡基础油中的溶解性,又通过四球试验、抗腐蚀试验和防锈试验考察了其对液体石蜡极压、抗磨、减摩、抗腐蚀和防锈性能的影响。结果表明,该添加剂具有良好的油溶性能和热稳定性能,外推起始热分解温度达240℃;可以明显提高液体石蜡的极压性能,降低磨斑直径和摩擦系数,当添加量为0.5%时,便能将液体石蜡的烧结负荷(PD)由1235N提高至1568N;具有优异的抗腐蚀和防锈性能,当添加量为1.0%时,防锈时间>168h,超过了专属防锈剂T746,因此可以作为多效润滑油添加剂使用。

可聚合添加剂和极压添加剂对矿物油极压抗磨和抗疲劳性能的影响

选用重极压齿轮油和二聚酸 /司本 - 80添加剂制备了多种不同配比的油样 ,进行了疲劳和胶合试验 ,同时分析了磨损表面形貌和抗磨机理 .结果表明 :聚合添加剂的耐疲劳性能较好 ,其与极压添加剂经合理复配可以更好地提高油样的耐疲劳及抗胶合综合性能 .