Effects of Exposure to Extremely Low Frequency Electro-magnetic Fields on Circadian Rhythms and Distribution of Some Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens in Dairy Cows

Objective To investigate the effects of extremely low frequency magnetic and electric fields （ELFEMFs） emitted from 380 kV transmission lines on some leukocyte differentiation antigens in dairy cows. Methods The study was carded out in 5 cows exposed to 1.98-3.28 μT of ELFEMFs and in 5 control cows exposed to 0.2-0.7 μT of ELFEMFs. Following haematological and immunologic parameters were measured in both groups： WBC, CD45R, CD6, CD4, CD8, CD21, and CD11B leukocyte antigen expression. Results Some of the haematological and immunologic parameters under investigation were similar in both groups. However, CD8 （T lymphocyte surface antigen） was higher in the exposed group （1.35 ±0.120 vs 0.50 ±0.14×10^3/mL）. Furthermore, the CD4/CD8 ratio （0.84 ±0.05 and 2.19±0.16 for exposed and not exposed cows respectively） and circadian rhythm were different between the two groups. Conclusion Exposure to ELFEMFs is responsible of the abnormal temporal variations and distribution of some haematological and immunological parameters in dairy cows.

EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD SUSCEPTIBILITY OF VISUAL DISPLAY UNITS

Extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field susceptibility is an index of visual display unit (VDU) quality and performance. This paper provided field measured data on the susceptibility for a large variety of VDUs. A test rig was built to study the susceptibility of VDUs to magnetic fields at fundamental and third harmonic frequencies. It was found that the susceptibility level is largely dependent on refresh rate of the VDU and the orientation of the external ELF field. It was also found that the VDU susceptibility is significantly increased in the presence of harmonic frequency magnetic fields. About 30% of the tested samples have susceptibility levels higher than that stated in IEC 1000-4-8 standard.

Association between Childhood Leukaemia and Exposure to Power-frequency Magnetic Fields in Middle Europe

Abstract Objective Higher levels of exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields （ELF-MF） are associated with a slightly increased risk of childhood leukaemia. Compared with more-developed Western countries, higher exposure levels are evident in the Czech Republic, probably because of the different types of housing. In light of this, we aimed to examine the association between ELF-MF exposure and childhood leukaemia in the Czech Republic. Methods We conducted a paired case-control study. The cases （children with leukaemia） were age- sex- and permanent residence-matched to controls （children without leukaemia）. Although this limited potential bias and confounding, it also limited our number of participants. Results The matched analyses included 79 case-control pairs. No significant association between ELF-MF exposure and childhood leukaemia was observed for exposures over 0.2 μT （odds ratio [0R]=0.93, confidence interval [Cl]=0.45-1.93）, 0.3 μT （0R=0.77, Cl=0.34-1.75）, or 0.4 μT （OR=0.9, Cl=0.37-2.22）. Conclusion Despite higher levels of exposure in Middle and Eastern Europe, no indication of an association between ELF-MF exposure and childhood leukaemia was determined. This in contrast to the findings of previous studies conducted in different countries.

Experimental studies on extremely low frequency pulsed magnetic field inhibiting sarcoma and enhancing cellular immune functions

The previous observation with an electron microscope showed that extremely low frequency (ELF) pulsed magnetic field (PMF) (with the maximum intensity of 0. 6-2. 0 T, gradient of 10-100 T. M-1, pulse width of 20-200 ms and frequency of 0. 16-1. 34 Hz) inhibited the growth of S-180 sarcoma in mice and enhanced the ability of immune cell’s dissolving sarcoma cells. In this study, the DNA contents of nuclei were assayed by using Faulgen Staining method. With an electron microscope and cell stereoscopy technology it was observed that magnetic field affected the sarcoma cell’s metabolism, lowered its malignancy, and restrained its rapid and heteromorphic growth. The magnetic field enhanced the cellular immune ability and the reaction of lymphocytes and plasma. Since ELF pulsed magnetic fields can inhibit the growth of sarcomas and enhance the cellular immune ability, it is possible to use it as a new method to treat cancer.

Effects of extremely low frequency magnetic field on anxiety level and spatial memory of adult rats

Background As the widespread use of electric devices in modern life, human are exposed to extremely low frequency magnetic fields （ELF MF） much more frequently than ever. Over the past decades, a substantial number of epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated that ELF MF （50 Hz） exposure is associated with increased risk of various health effects. The present study examined the effects of chronic exposure to ELF MF on anxiety level and spatial memory of adult rats. Methods The 50-Hz ELF MF was used during the whole experimental procedures and the value of magnetic field （MF） was set to 2 mT. Adult rats were divided randomly to control, MF 1 hour and MF 4 hours group. Anxiety-related behaviors were examined in the open field test and the elevated plus maze; changes in spatial learning and memory were determined in Morris water maze aRer 4 weeks of daily exposure. Results Rats in MF 4 hours group had increased anxiety-like behaviors with unaltered locomotor activity. In the Morris water maze test, rats had reduced latency to find the hidden platform and improved long-term memory of former location of platform without changes in short-term memory and locomotor activity. Conclusion Chronic ELF MF exposure has anxiogenic effect on rats, and the promoting effects on spatial learning and long-term retention of spatial memory.

Effects of Different Electromagnetic Fields on Circadian Rhythms of Some Haematochemical Parameters in Rats

Objective To investigate the effects of different electromagnetic fields on some haematochemical parameters of circadian rhythms in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods The study was carried out in 18 male and 18 female rats in good health conditions exposed to 50 Hz magnetic sinusoid fields at the intensity of 1000 μT, 100 μT, and 0 μT （control group） respectively, and in 18 male and 18 female rats in good health conditions exposed to 1.8 GHz electromagnetic fields at the intensity of 50 V/m, 25 V/m and 0 V/m （control group）, respectively. Following haematochemical parameters for glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol were measured. Results Different effects of electromagnetic fields on circadian rhythms of both male and female rats were observed. Different changes occurred in some haematochemical parameters for glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Exposure to different electromagnetic fields is responsible for the variations of some haematochemical parameters in rats.

Combined Effects of 50 Hz Magnetic Field and Magnetic Nanoparticles on the Proliferation and Apoptosis of PC12 Cells

Objective To investigate the bioeffects of extremely low frequency （ELF） magnetic field （MF） （50 Hz, 400 μT） and magnetic nanoparticles （MNPs） via cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays on PC12 cells. Methods MNPs modified by SiO2 （MNP-SiO2） were characterized by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, dynamic light scattering and hysteresis loop measurement. PC12 cells were administrated with MNP-SiO2 with or without MF exposure for 48 h. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis were evaluated with MTI- assay and annexin V-FITC/PI staining, respectively. The morphology and uptake of MNP-SiO2 were determined by TEM. MF simulation was performed by Ansoft Maxwell based on the finite element method. Results MNP-SiO2 were identified as -20 nm （diameter） ferromagnetic particles. MNP-SiO2 reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. MF also reduced cell viability with increasing concentrations of MNP-SiO2. MNP-SiO2 alone did not cause apoptosis in PC12 cells; instead, the proportion of apoptotic cells increased significantly under MF exposure and increasing doses of MNP-SiO2. MNP-SiO2 could be ingested and then cause a slight change in cell morphology. Conclusion Combined exposure of MF and MNP-SiO2 resulted in remarkable cytotoxicity and increased apoptosis in PC12 cells. The results suggested that MF exposure could strengthen the MF of MNPs, which may enhance the bioeffects of ELF MF.

极低频电流场透地通信路径损耗建模与分析

针对水平方向地电极电流场无线强穿透信息传输需求,研究了基于极低频水平双电极电流场信道传输特性。考虑到电极半径、电极入土深度、电极间距、发射信号频率和信号传输距离等参数对透地(Through-The-Earth,TTE)通信传输性能的影响,建立了地电极电流场TTE通信路径损耗模型,分析了各参数对路径损耗的影响,确定了信号传输最佳工作参数。根据选定参数搭建了极低频电流场TTE通信系统,在200 m和400 m通信距离下测试了3~10 Hz信号的路径损耗,通过试验数据与仿真结果对比分析验证了模型的准确性。

地中电偶极源极低频电磁场的分布与传播特征

利用层状大地中偶极源响应的正演算法,计算地中电偶极源激发的极低频地震电磁场并分析其在地球环境下的传播特征.设计了多个水平层状地球模型,分别模拟和展示了深埋地中的电偶极源的响应和空间分布特征.重点分析了含地壳波导+LAI波导模型的高阻大地中,倾斜电偶极源激励响应随观测点的偏移距和垂直位置、激励源深度、地壳波导结构和参数变化时各场量响应的幅频特征.研究表明,用倾斜电偶极源模拟和分析高阻大地中孕震电磁辐射的响应及在大地电磁系统中的传播特性是可行的;模拟的高阻大地中的电磁辐射在地壳波导和LAI波导中均表现有慢衰减或幅值增强特性,但两个波导效应具有不同的频率选择性;高阻大地中的电磁辐射在波导的高阻介质中具有幅值强、衰减慢的特点.建议在高阻地层出露的地表、井中或海底的高阻岩层中以及大气层中布设测站.

基于层次分析模型的潜艇极低频电磁场贡献率评估方法研究

潜艇极低频电磁场作为目标探测的关键特征,其形成机制复杂多样,平台工况以及在水下所处位置都会对其产生很大影响。有效操控以降低潜艇的磁特征对于提升其磁隐身性能具有重要的意义。然而,当前各种因素对电磁场影响程度的研究尚不充分。为此该文提出一种基于层次分析模型的贡献率评估方法,旨在为有效操控提供理论依据。首先深入分析潜艇极低频电磁场的威胁成因,并建立相应的威胁层次结构模型。其次,通过仿真手段获取由不同成因产生的电磁场信号特征,并构建威胁矩阵和特征矩阵。最后,计算得到不同成因电磁场对总电磁场的贡献率,在尾部测线上,尾流磁场的贡献率占比最高,达到0.7649;径向测线上轴频磁场贡献率占比最高,并逐渐衰减,最终在150 m处低于尾流电磁场,并保持在占比0.5左右。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性,可为潜艇极低频电磁场的综合主动控制策略研究奠定技术基础。

地震监测人工源极低频电磁技术(CSELF)新试验

2009年利用大功率人工源极低频电磁技术(CSELF)在位于华北、华南、东北、西北和西南的12个地震台站和几个流动观测点进行了连续30天新的观测试验.结果表明,利用CSELF技术可以在1700 km之外测量到人工源电磁场信号,计算得到的电、磁场功率谱密度和视电阻率与天然源信号相比,抗干扰能力更强,观测信号更稳定,特别有利于识别和捕捉地震等诱发的电磁异常现象,在地震预测监测中具有很大的研究应用潜力.试验还发现,各地震台站和流动测点观测的CSELF信号的强度,与台站或者测量的电、磁场分量相对于发射源的距离、方位有明显的关系;发现在离开发射源的相对近区,场强随距离的衰减,比在相对远区更快;发现接收磁场信号比电场信号较易获得更高信噪比的数据.

天然超低频电磁场日夜交替及其稳定性分析

利用北京大学研制的BD-6型超低频电磁探测仪,在北京地热119井按不同时段和方位对天然场源超低频电磁信号进行观测,经数据处理得到不同时段和不同方位的电压-深度曲线和差分视电阻率-深度曲线,经分析与解译发现:太阳辐射在一定程度上影响天然场源超低频电磁信号的强度,但太阳辐射对其稳定性影响程度不大;天然源超低频电磁信号强度存在明显的方向性,磁北方向信号最强,随仪器探头方向与磁北方向夹角的增大信号强度降低;实验表明超低频电磁信号的差分视电阻率-深度法明显优于电压-深度法的反演与解译精度。

极低频弱磁场对PC-12瘤细胞胞内游离钙离子浓度的影响

采用极低频弱磁场对鼠嗜铬细胞瘤 PC- 12株系细胞进行照射 ,利用显微荧光技术动态监测胞内游离钙离子浓度 ([(Ca2 + ]i)的变化 ,实验结果表明 :5 0 Hz,10 0 μT的正弦磁场照射引起 [Ca2 + ]i 明显升高 ;而在同等强度的静磁场和 2 0 0 0 Hz正弦磁场照射下 ,[Ca2 + ]i 基本维持不变。进一步的实验说明 [Ca2 + ]i 的升高部分源于细胞外 Ca2 +的跨膜内流 ,部分源于胞内钙库的释放。证实了一定强度下特定频率的极低频弱磁场能够影响钙离子的跨膜运输和胞内钙库的释放 。

高压输电线环境电磁场暴露健康效应的原初作用

高压输电线环境电磁场暴露健康效应的原初作用机制是阐述电磁健康的环节,是制修订我国环境电磁标准的重要基础。为此,对220kV的高压输电线环境电磁场进行了现场监测,将SD大鼠海马神经元暴露在瑞士IT’IS系统中,观察胞内活性氧自由基(ROS)、钙离子(Ca2+)和线粒体膜电位(MMP)对磁感应强度为0.1mT、0.5mT和1.0mT的极低频电磁场的生物响应。研究结果表明:环境电场强度≤1kV/m,磁场磁感应强度≤1.5μT;神经元胞内活性氧自由基、钙离子、线粒体膜电位对磁感应强度≥0.1mT的磁场有生物反应。因此,电场能量密度和磁场能量密度可作为电磁健康效应的评价参数;ROS是电磁因果链原初作用中连接物理和生物解释的一个重要标志物;足够强度的电磁场才能对健康产生影响,笼统说"电磁场对健康有影响"会误导公众。

极低频磁场刺激对大鼠急性脑缺血反应的影响

为探讨极低频磁场（ＥＬＭＦ）的生物效应，研究了ＥＬＭＦ（１５Ｈｚ，１８ｍＴ）对大鼠左侧颈总动脉（ＣＣＡ）阻断所致急性脑缺血反应的影响。结果发现：（１）缺血１ｈ、３ｈ和６ｈ后，对照组脑血管反应不明显，而磁场组脑血管扩张充血的数量和程度明显高于对照组；（２）随着缺血时间的延长，对照组脑神经细胞缺血性损害加重；磁场组神经细胞缺血性损害的程度轻于对照组，尤以刺激３ｈ和６ｈ更为明显。这表明所用的ＥＬＭＦ刺激在一定程度上可以改善缺血后脑微循环，减轻神经细胞缺血性损害。

轴转动调制腐蚀电流产生的极低频电场的测定

钢制船壳和青铜制螺旋桨之间在海水中会因电化学作用而产生腐蚀电流 ,该电流会从螺旋桨、经转轴、轴承、密封圈及其他一些机械线路回到船壳。随着螺旋桨转轴的转动 ,这个回路的电阻抗会发生周期性的变化 ,使得海水中的电流受到调制 ,从而产生极低频的电磁场由船体向外传播。文中利用船模和Ag/AgCl电极在实验室具体测量了螺旋桨转动时调制船模在海水中的腐蚀电流而产生的极低频电场。测量结果表明 ,由不同金属制成的船壳和螺旋桨之间的腐蚀电流经螺旋桨转动的调制后 ,会产生与螺旋桨转速具有相同频率的极低频电场 。

静态和极低频电磁场非热生物效应的研究动态

人为电磁场对人类健康可能的影响尤其是电磁辐射与肿瘤发生的关系,日益引起人们的关注,电磁场的生物学效应得到全世界的广泛研究。我们着重介绍近5年来关于静态磁场和极低频电磁场生物效应的研究进展,包括信号转导、基因表达、染色体畸变、基因突变等细胞学和分子水平研究,以及致癌风险和健康危害评价等内容,并对该领域的未来研究进行了探讨。

极低频率电磁场对离体肿瘤细胞的诱导凋亡作用

目的探讨极低频率电磁场对体外培养肿瘤细胞的抑制作用。方法将人成骨肉瘤细胞(MG63)、乳腺癌细胞(MCF7)和肝癌细胞(HepG2)接种到96孔板中,并置于磁场强度分别为10mT、20mT、40mT、60mT的磁场中进行干预,每天刺激2次,每次1h,作用3天,同时每种细胞设置正常条件下的对照组。3天后以MTT法检测细胞活性(OD值),并采用流式细胞技术(AnnexinV—FITC和PI双标)检测3种细胞的凋亡情况。结果72h后以MTT法检测3种细胞的OD值,并于正常对照组进行比较,SPSS软件统计结果显示,磁场组的OD值较正常组低(P<0.05);流式细胞技术结果显示,磁场组肿瘤细胞凋亡细胞的阳性比例高于正常组,两组之间的差异有显著性统计学意义。结论极低频率电磁场对肿瘤细胞有明显抑制作用,在一定程度上诱导肿瘤细胞的凋亡。

极低频电磁场对萌发期大豆的生物学效应

观察了 5 0Hz,0 .2mT或 6 .0mT的电磁场暴露对大豆的萌发过程、丙二醛 (MDA)含量 ,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、过氧化物酶 (POD)、蛋白酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量以及幼苗根茎的组织形态学影响 .结果表明 :电磁场暴露下 ,大豆的开始萌发时间由 32h提前到 8h ,萌发率到达 5 0 %的时间由 72h分别提前到 4 8h(0 .2mT组 )和 4 0h(6 .0mT组 ) ;MDA含量随磁场强度的增大而下降 ;SOD ,POD活性随磁场强度的增大而升高 ,而CAT活性在 0 .2mT暴露组下降 ,在 6 .0mT暴露组升高 ;蛋白酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量分别随磁场强度的增大升高或降低 .幼苗根茎细胞的大小和形态没有明显变化 .结果提示 ,极低频电磁场可以改变抗氧化酶的活性 ,减缓脂质过氧化 ,增强蛋白酶的活性 ,促进大豆的萌发过程 .图 4参

极低频电磁场曝露对大鼠认知功能和海马形态结构的影响

为明确极低频电磁场(ELF-EMFs)的神经生物效应,研究了ELF-EMFs曝露对大鼠认知功能和海马形态结构的影响.首先将雄性Wistar大鼠放在ELF-EMFs(50Hz、400μT、<1V/m)中连续曝露60d,实验期间,每周记录大鼠的体质量。终止曝露后,采用Morris水迷宫实验检测大鼠的认知功能。最后采用光镜和电镜观察海马组织结构,并通过甲苯胺蓝染色和图像分析检测尼氏体含量。结果表明:大鼠体质量的增长速度于曝露期间显著延缓,终止曝露2周后恢复;大鼠的平均逃避潜伏期于终止曝露后即刻显著延长(P<0.01),7d后恢复。终止曝露后即刻可观察到部分海马神经元发生变性、早期凋亡、突触结构破坏,尼氏体含量减少(P<0.05);终止曝露后15d,上述病变改善,30d后恢复。以上结果表明,极低频电磁场曝露(50Hz,400μT,60d)会导致大鼠体质量增长速度延缓、认知功能障碍、海马结构损伤及尼氏体含量减少;以上影响主要发生于终止曝露后早期,并具有持续时间较短暂且可恢复的特点。