Utilization of Extrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometers with Spectral Interferometric Interrogation for Microdisplacement Measurement

The paper presents a number of signal processing approaches for the spectral interferometric interrogation of extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometers(EFPIs). The analysis of attainable microdisplacement resolution is performed and the analytical equations describing the dependence of resolution on parameters of the interrogation setup are derived. The efficiency of the proposed signal processing approaches and the validity of analytical derivations are supported by experiments. The proposed approaches allow the interrogation of up to four multiplexed sensors with attained resolution between 30 pm and 80 pm, up to three times improvement of microdisplacement resolution of a single sensor by means of using the reference interferometer and noisecompensating approach, and ability to register signals with frequencies up to 1 kHz in the case of 1 Hz spectrum acquisition rate. The proposed approaches can be used for various applications, including biomedical, industrial inspection, and others, amongst the microdisplacement measurement.

Pressure Sensor Based on the Fiber-Optic Extrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometer

Pressure sensors based on fiber-optic extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer(EFPI)have been extensively applied in various industrial and biomedical fields.In this paper,some key improvements of EFPI-based pressure sensors such as the controlled thermal bonding technique,diaphragm-based EFPI sensors,and white light interference technology have been reviewed.Recent progress on signal demodulation method and applications of EFPI-based pressure sensors has been introduced.Signal demodulation algorithms based on the cross correlation and mean square error(MSE)estimation have been proposed for retrieving the cavity length of EFPI.Absolute measurement with a resolution of 0.08 nm over large dynamic range has been carried out.For downhole monitoring,an EFPI and a fiber Bragg grating(FBG)cascade multiplexing fiber-optic sensor system has been developed,which can operate in temperature 300℃with a good long-term stability and extremely low temperature cross-sensitivity.Diaphragm-based EFPI pressure sensors have been successfully used for low pressure and acoustic wave detection.Experimental results show that a sensitivity of 31 mV/Pa in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 12.7 kHz for aeroacoustic wave detection has been obtained.

Ultrasonic sensitivity-improved fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer using a beam collimator and its application for ultrasonic imaging of seismic physical models

An ultrasonic sensitivity-improved fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer （FPI） is proposed and employed for ultra- sonic imaging of seismic physical models （SPMs）. The FPI comprises a flexible ultra-thin gold film and the end face of a graded-index multimode fiber （MMF）, both of which are enclosed in a ceramic tube. The MMF in a specified length can collimate the diverged light beam and compensate for the light loss inside the air cavity, leading to an increased spectral fringe visibility and thus a steeper spectral slope. By using the spectral sideband filtering technique, the collimated FP1 shows an improved ultrasonic response. Moreover, two-dimensional images of two SPMs are achieved in air by recon- structing the pulse-echo signals through using the time-of-flight approach. The proposed sensor with easy fabrication and compact size can be a good candidate for high-sensitivity and high-precision nondestructive testing of SPMs.

Coulomb-Dominated Oscillations in Fabry-Perot Quantum Hall Interferometers

Periodic resistance oscillations in Fabry-Perot quantum Hall interferometers are observed at integer filling factors of the constrictions, fc=1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. Rather than the Aharonov-Bohm interference, these oscillations are attributed to the Coulomb interactions between interfering edge states and localized states in the central island of an interferometer, as confirmed by the observation of a positive slope for the lines of constant oscillation phase in the image plot of resistance in the 13 Vs plane. Similar resistance oscillations are also observed when the area A of the center regime and the backseattering probability of interfering edge states are varied, by changing the side-gate voltages and the configuration of the quantum point contacts, respectively. The oscillation amplitudes decay exponentially with temperature in the ramge of 40mK〈 T ≤ 130 mK, with a characteristic temperature T0 -25 mK, consistent with recent theoretical and experimental works.

An Extrinsic Fiber Fabry-Perot Interferometer for Dynamic Displacement Measurement

A versatile fiber interferometer was proposed for high precision measurement. The sensor exploited a double-cavity within the unique sensing arm of an extrinsic-type fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer to produce the quadrature phase-shifted interference fringes. Interference signal processing was carried out using a modified zero-crossing （fringe） counting technique to demodulate two sets of fringes. The fiber interferometer has been successfully employed for dynamic displacement measurement under different displacement profiles over a range of 0.7 p.m to 140 p.m. A dedicated computer incorporating the demodulation algorithm was next used to interpret these detected data as well as plot the displacement information with a resolution of 2/64. A commercial displacement sensor was employed for comparison purposes with the experimental data obtained from the fiber interferometer as well as to gauge its performance, resulting in the maximum error of 2.8% over the entire displacement range studied.

Recent Progress in Multiparameter Measurement Based on Extrinsic Fiber-Optic Fabry-Perot Interferometers and Fiber Gratings

This paper presents a review of recent progress in simultaneous measurement of multiparameters including strain, temperature, vibration, transverse load, based on the combinations of extrinsic fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometers and fiber gratings.

临近空间飞行高温真空光纤绝压传感器设计

研制了一种用于临近空间飞行器在高温环境下的蓝宝石非本征法布里-珀罗干涉仪(extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer,EFPI)型光纤绝对压力传感器。蓝宝石晶片压力传感头由3片厚度不同的蓝宝石晶片键合构成,形成复合法布里-珀罗(Fabry-Perot,FP)腔,可以同时测量温度和绝对压力,通过实时监测温度,对压力测量进行温度补偿,去除温度对压力测量的影响。实验结果表明:900℃内的每个温度点下,密封FP腔的光学腔长随压力线性变化;室温下,压力灵敏度为11.6 nm/kPa,压力灵敏度随温度的上升略微升高,压力测量的分辨率达到86 Pa。

测量光纤外腔Fabry-Perot干涉仪的白光干涉术

提出了一种基于白光干涉术测量低锐度光纤外腔Fabry-Perot干涉仪(EFPI)的方法·用宽带光源注入F-P腔,在接收端用一高锐度的可调谐光纤F-P滤波器对EFPI的反射光谱进行扫描,获得了周期性变化的光谱输出·为了测量出EFPI的腔长,对光谱信号进行傅里叶变换,得到光谱的周期,由此求出EFPI的绝对腔长·证明了用低锐度EFPI的测量准确度由腔长决定·F-P腔越长,测量准确度越高·在腔长分别是200μm,400μm和600μm时,测量的腔长与实际腔长相同·

Integrated Fabry–Perot interferometer based on Er/Yb co-doped fiber for all-optical phase modulation

Fast and stable phase control is essential for many applications in optics. Here, we propose an all-fiber all-optical phase modulation scheme based on a Fabry–Perot interferometer(FPI) and an Er/Yb co-doped fiber(EYDF). By using the EYDF as an F-P cavity via rational design, a phase shift with a modulation sensitivity of 0.0312π/mW is introduced to the modulator.The phase shifts in the EYDF consist of a thermal phase shift and a nonlinear phase shift with a ratio of 19:1, and the corresponding temporal responses of the modulation are 204 ms and 2.5 ms, respectively. In addition, the compact FPI is encapsulated to provide excellent stability for the modulator.

基于EFPI传感器的GIS局部放电模式识别研究

为了在复杂电磁环境中精准捕捉局部放电产生的微弱信号,设计了基于非本征法布里—帕罗干涉(EFPI)传感器的GIS局部放电模式识别方法。通过差分双波长光强强度比解调算法,粗解调EFPI传感器的腔长;利用复域相关算法,结合粗解调结果,精解调腔长,确定最终的EFPI传感器腔长,用于检测GIS设备的超声波信号;通过希尔伯特(Hilbert)变换GIS设备的超声波信号,得到Hilbert边际谱;利用2维—1维深度残差网络,提取Hilbert边际谱的特征,输出GIS局部放电模式识别结果。实验分析结果表明:该方法可有效确定EFPI传感器的腔长,采集GIS设备的超声波信号;得到GIS设备超声波信号的Hilbert边际谱;在复杂噪声环境下,该方法可精准识别GIS局部放电模式。

Fiber Fabry-Perot Demodulation System Based on Dual Fizeau Interferometers

In this study,we present a dual-Fizeau-interferometer-based high-speed and wide-range fiber-optic Fabry-Perot(F-P)demodulation system.We employ two Fizeau interferometers with air cavity thickness satisfying the quadrature requirement to increase the demodulation speed and broaden the demodulation range in order to address the issues of the existing fiber F-P demodulation system's sluggish demodulation rate and limited range.In order to investigate the demodulation properties of the dual-Fizeau-interferometer-based demodulation system,we derive and create a theoretical model of the system.The theoretical model,which primarily consists of the structural design of the interferometer and the study of the center wavelength of the light sources and their bandwidth selection,is used to construct the optical structure of the demodulation system.According to the calculation results,the demodulated signal exhibits the best contrast ratio when the two light sources'respective center wavelengths are 780nm and 850nm,and their bandwidths are 28nm and 30 nm.Finally,we finish evaluating the demodulation system's demodulation performance,parameter calibration,and assembly debugging.The test results demonstrate the constant operation of the demodulation system,an update rate of 100kHz,a demodulation range of 4.74μm,and a cavity length resolution of approximately 5 nm.Additionally,the system can perform high speed demodulation thanks to the light emitting diode's(LED's)nanosecond level switching speed and the usage of a single point detector.

微纳光纤Fabry-Perot超低温压力传感器研究

提出了一种用于超低温环境的微纳光纤非本征法布里-珀罗干涉仪压力传感器。单模光纤端面通过飞秒激光刻蚀出微孔,与无芯光纤熔接形成密闭的法珀腔。通过将无芯光纤切割、研磨等步骤,制作出微纳光纤压力传感器。利用飞秒激光微加工,可以加工出不同孔径的微孔及不同厚度的膜片,得到不同灵敏度及测量压力范围的压力传感器。实验结果表明,提出的传感器在-196℃、0~5 MPa的压力范围内表现出良好的线性度,压力升高和降低过程中腔长-压力灵敏度分别为110.33 nm/MPa和110.68 nm/MPa。该传感器能够满足超低温环境下的压力测量需求。

Simple capillary-based extrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer for strain sensing

A simple capillary-based extrinsic Fabry–Perot structure is presented and fabricated, using the manual welding method with the strain sensing characteristics investigated in detail. Strain sensitivities of 4.2, 2.8, and2.4 pm∕με are obtained experimentally with the interferometer length around 50 μm and the inner diameter of 75, 50, and 25 μm, respectively. The underlying physics of the strain sensitivity of this device is negatively correlated with the interferometer length and positively correlated with the capillary inner diameter, which provides two simple parameters to tailor the strain sensitivity.

基于非本征型Fabry-Perot干涉仪的膜片式光纤麦克风

传统声波传感器的有源性严重制约了其在强电磁场干扰、易燃易爆等特殊复杂环境中的应用,而光纤声传感器具有抗电磁干扰、体积小和灵敏度高等优点.提出了一种膜片式光纤麦克风,利用延展性较好的镍金属膜片作为传感薄膜,构成非本征型Fabry-Perot干涉仪.利用静态工作点方法对声音信号进行解调,测试其传感性能.实验结果表明:该光纤麦克风具有灵敏度高、信噪比大、线性度高以及低频响应平坦的特点.

Application of Wavelet Transform in Dual-differential Optical Fiber F-P Interferometric Micro-displacement Measurement System

Based on dual-differential comparing principle, an experimental system of optical fiber F-P interferometric micro-displacement measurement is introduced. It is capable of achieving the absolute displacement measurement, and wavelet transforms is adopted as theory fundament to extract the optical F-P interferometric characteristic signal and remove the noise, so its resolution can reach 0. 01 μm in the dynamic range of 0～ 1 mm.

基于MEMS声敏结构的光纤声波传感器

基于微机电系统(Micro Electro Mechanical System,MEMS)工艺加工声波敏感结构,将声波敏感结构与光纤端面构成非本征型光纤法布里-珀罗干涉仪(Extrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometer,EFPI)感知声波。研究了不同厚度和不同增敏环数的声压敏感薄膜结构对声波探测性能的差异,对比了信噪比测试结果。实验结果表明,针对400 nm和1000 nm厚度的声敏薄膜,在相同的测试条件下,前者的声敏结构位移更大、频率响应的信噪比更高。在相同薄膜厚度条件下,具有增敏结构的MEMS薄膜可以释放薄膜的初始应力,降低薄膜的刚性,相比无增敏结构的MEMS薄膜具有更高的灵敏度。

光纤压力传感器测量的最小偏差腔长解调算法

在光纤传感技术领域应用基于法珀腔(外腔式法布里-珀罗干涉腔)结构的光纤压力传感器进行气体压力测量时,由于传感器结构决定了腔长动态范围相对较小,需要高分辨率的腔长测量方法。因此针对基于法珀腔结构的光纤压力传感器进行绝对腔长解调算法研究,提出一种高精度最小偏差腔长解调算法,通过将法珀腔光纤压力传感器密封在压力标准源中,对等间隔压力变化产生的不同腔长进行实时解调,实现了气体压力的实时测量。实验结果表明,法珀腔光纤压力传感器腔长值随压差变化呈现出良好的线性关系和重复性,腔长测量的重复性为±1 nm,精度为0.1496%,压力测量的重复性为0.12%,压力测量的精度优于0.5%。

Generation of millimeter-wave sub-carrier optical pulse by using a Fabry-Perot interferometer

A novel scheme is proposed to transform a Gaussian optical pulse to a millimeter-wave （mm-wave） frequency modulation pulse by using a Fabry-Perot interferometer （FPI） for radio-over-fiber （ROF） system. It is shown that modulation frequency of mm-wave is determined by the optical path of the Fabry-Perot （F-P） cavity, and amplitude decay time and energy transfer efficiency axe related to the reflectivity of the F-P cavity mirror. The effect of pulse train extension on inter-symbol interference is also discussed.

Zeolite Thin Film-Coated Fiber Sensors Based on Fabry-Perot Interferometer for Detection of Chemical Vapors

A novel zeolite-coated fiber sensors for detection of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） based on the Fabry-Perot interferometer was proposed and demonstrated. The sensor comprised a polycrystalline silicalite thin film grown up on the cleaved end face of a standard single-mode fiber. The inline Fabry-Perot cavity was composed by the end face of the single-mode fiber and the thin film. The sensor device operated by measuring the interference signal, which was a function of the amount of chemical vapor adsorption in its crystalline micro porous structure. Experimental results showed that the proposed VOC sensor worked well and the sensitivities were 2.78×10^-3dB/ppm when the concentration ranged from 350ppm to 2100ppm and 1.23×10^-3 dB/ppm when the concentration ranged from 2100ppm to 5250 ppm.

Fiber Fabry-Perot Interferometer for Curvature Sensing

A curvature sensor based on an Fabry-Perot （FP） interferometer was proposed. A capillary silica tube was fusion spliced between two single mode fibers, producing an FP cavity. Two FP sensors with different cavity lengths were developed and subjected to curvature and temperature. The FP sensor with longer cavity showed three distinct operating regions for the curvature measurement. Namely, a linear response was shown for an intermediate curvature radius range, presenting a maximum sensitivity of 68.52 pm/m-1. When subjected to temperature, the sensing head produced a similar response for different curvature radii, with a sensitivity varying from 0.84 pm/℃ to 0.89 pm/℃, which resulted in a small cross-sensitivity to temperature when the FP sensor was subjected to curvature. The FP cavity with shorter length presented low sensitivity to curvature.