Lin Yutang does a great deal in translating and introducing Chinese Classical literature to western countries,yet he also makes many mistakes in the translation and introduction. This essay talks about his three error...Lin Yutang does a great deal in translating and introducing Chinese Classical literature to western countries,yet he also makes many mistakes in the translation and introduction. This essay talks about his three errors. First,he misunderstands the functions of fa(法) in Confueianism. Next,he mistranslates some sayings such as Fafenwangshi(“发愤忘食”), so he distorts the image of Confucius. Last,he doesnot understand the meaning of Sanshierli(“三十而立”)correctly,so that he ignores the important role of li(礼) in Confucius′ whole life.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the protective effects and mechanism of action of oxymatrine (OM) on the experimental fulminant hepatitis (FH) and early hepatocyte apoptosis in murine liver tissue. METHODS: Fulminant hepatitis...OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the protective effects and mechanism of action of oxymatrine (OM) on the experimental fulminant hepatitis (FH) and early hepatocyte apoptosis in murine liver tissue. METHODS: Fulminant hepatitis mice were induced by injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intraperitoneally (ip) in galactosamine (GalN) sensitized mice.Two separate experiments were designed, including saline control group, fulminant hepatitis group and oxymatrine pretreated group (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, bid x 3 days). The levels of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) in mice from two experiments were determined at 5-hour and 7.5-hour after injecting galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide. Mouse liver samples at 5-hour time point were obtained for in situ end labeling (ISEL) staining and ultrastructural observation of apoptotic cells under transmission electron microscope (TEM). Liver samples at 7.5-hour time point were taken for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical staining of Fas and its ligand (FasL). RESULTS: As compared with the fulminant hepatitis group, the levels of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha in mice from the OM pretreated group at 5-hour and 7.5-hour time point were all significantly decreased (P展开更多
To evaluate the protective effects and mechanism of action of oxymatrine (OM) on the experimental fulminant hepatitis (FH) and early hepatocyte apoptosis in mur ine liver tissue Methods Fulminant hepatitis mice wer...To evaluate the protective effects and mechanism of action of oxymatrine (OM) on the experimental fulminant hepatitis (FH) and early hepatocyte apoptosis in mur ine liver tissue Methods Fulminant hepatitis mice were induced by injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intr aperitoneally (ip) in galactosamine (GalN) sensitized mice Two separate experim ents were designed, including saline control group, fulminant hepatitis group an d oxymatrine pretreated group (50?mg/kg, intraperitoneally, bid×3 days) The leve ls of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) in mice from two experiments were determined at 5 hour and 7 5 hour after injecting galactosamine/lipopolysacc haride Mouse liver samples at 5 hour time point were obtained for in situ end labeling (ISEL) staining and ultrastructural observation of apoptotic cells und er transmission electron microscope (TEM) Liver samples at 7 5 hour time poi nt were taken for hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical stain ing of Fas and its ligand (FasL) Results As compared with the fulminant hepatitis group, the levels of serum tumor necros is factor alpha in mice from the OM pretreated group at 5 hour and 7 5 hour t ime point were all significantly decreased ( P 【0 05 and P 【0 01 respecti vely) Hepatocyte apoptosis in mice at 5 hour time point was significantly inh ibited ( P 【0 01) Both the degree of liver injury and the degree of Fas and Fas ligand expression in the OM pretreated group were reduced remarkably ( P 【0 01 and 0 05 respectively) when compared with the saline control group Conclusions Oxymatrine protects mice from fulminant hepatitis induced by GalN/LPS and may bl ock hepatocyte apoptosis and subsequent necrosis through downregulating the prod uction of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha and the expression of Fas and Fas li gand in liver tissue展开更多
文摘Lin Yutang does a great deal in translating and introducing Chinese Classical literature to western countries,yet he also makes many mistakes in the translation and introduction. This essay talks about his three errors. First,he misunderstands the functions of fa(法) in Confueianism. Next,he mistranslates some sayings such as Fafenwangshi(“发愤忘食”), so he distorts the image of Confucius. Last,he doesnot understand the meaning of Sanshierli(“三十而立”)correctly,so that he ignores the important role of li(礼) in Confucius′ whole life.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the protective effects and mechanism of action of oxymatrine (OM) on the experimental fulminant hepatitis (FH) and early hepatocyte apoptosis in murine liver tissue. METHODS: Fulminant hepatitis mice were induced by injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intraperitoneally (ip) in galactosamine (GalN) sensitized mice.Two separate experiments were designed, including saline control group, fulminant hepatitis group and oxymatrine pretreated group (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, bid x 3 days). The levels of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) in mice from two experiments were determined at 5-hour and 7.5-hour after injecting galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide. Mouse liver samples at 5-hour time point were obtained for in situ end labeling (ISEL) staining and ultrastructural observation of apoptotic cells under transmission electron microscope (TEM). Liver samples at 7.5-hour time point were taken for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical staining of Fas and its ligand (FasL). RESULTS: As compared with the fulminant hepatitis group, the levels of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha in mice from the OM pretreated group at 5-hour and 7.5-hour time point were all significantly decreased (P
文摘To evaluate the protective effects and mechanism of action of oxymatrine (OM) on the experimental fulminant hepatitis (FH) and early hepatocyte apoptosis in mur ine liver tissue Methods Fulminant hepatitis mice were induced by injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intr aperitoneally (ip) in galactosamine (GalN) sensitized mice Two separate experim ents were designed, including saline control group, fulminant hepatitis group an d oxymatrine pretreated group (50?mg/kg, intraperitoneally, bid×3 days) The leve ls of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) in mice from two experiments were determined at 5 hour and 7 5 hour after injecting galactosamine/lipopolysacc haride Mouse liver samples at 5 hour time point were obtained for in situ end labeling (ISEL) staining and ultrastructural observation of apoptotic cells und er transmission electron microscope (TEM) Liver samples at 7 5 hour time poi nt were taken for hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical stain ing of Fas and its ligand (FasL) Results As compared with the fulminant hepatitis group, the levels of serum tumor necros is factor alpha in mice from the OM pretreated group at 5 hour and 7 5 hour t ime point were all significantly decreased ( P 【0 05 and P 【0 01 respecti vely) Hepatocyte apoptosis in mice at 5 hour time point was significantly inh ibited ( P 【0 01) Both the degree of liver injury and the degree of Fas and Fas ligand expression in the OM pretreated group were reduced remarkably ( P 【0 01 and 0 05 respectively) when compared with the saline control group Conclusions Oxymatrine protects mice from fulminant hepatitis induced by GalN/LPS and may bl ock hepatocyte apoptosis and subsequent necrosis through downregulating the prod uction of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha and the expression of Fas and Fas li gand in liver tissue
