Calculation Method and Analysis for the Annual Power Generation of PV Faades in China

The application of PV faades emerges greatly in recent years and however its calculation methods and analysis remains insufficient under the weather conditions of China. In such demand,this paper investigates PV faade in terms of PV electricity generation in different arrangements and weather conditions of four major cities in China. The calculation models for PV faade are developed and validated by comparing the results with the measured data from the field experiments. A parametric study is carried out to provide a reference for the optimal design of the PV faades. The results show that with various cities,building orientations,building forms,materials and arrangements of PV modules,there is a distinct difference in the electrical output energy of PV faades. Weather conditions play a very important role in terms of PV generation performance of PV faades.

Beyond the Façades in Tehran:When Tradition Meets Innovation

Over time,the traditional house in central Iran,which Tehran geographically belongs to,has undergone deep physical and morphological changes as a result of technological,social and economic transformations,passing from the characteristics of an introverted house enclosed by walls overlooking an inner courtyard to the multi-storey condominium with an extroverted outlook.Here the façade becomes a key element:it is a threshold between urban and private,outdoor and indoor.The article shows a mosaic of patterns and materials of the new mid-rise residential building façades via photographs and diagrams to emphasize the strict connection between contemporary design and local tradition.

The Development of a Smart Mobile App for Building Façade Defects Inspections

The manual visual inspections of façade building defects are posing a high and increasing cost for building asset managers,particularly when inspections delay projects or require asset outages,visits to decommissioned sites or work within hazardous environments.This paper reports on the development,testing and delivery of a working mobile app prototype to facilitate the inspections and documentation of building facade condition monitoring.The work presented builds upon the development of an online platform for remote building inspection based on the integration of methodologies and tools,including VR(virtual reality),and digital photogrammetry to collect real-time data that support automated decision making.The mobile app:(i)allows the user to import 3D models and 2D building plans;(ii)provides the means of first-person exploration of models via a VR headset;and(iii)captures,records and catalogues images of façade defect types,and the date and time.An inspection case study was used to demonstrate and evaluate the mobile app prototype.The Building Inspector app allows building professionals to manage inspections and to track past and ongoing monitoring of the condition of building façades.

Solutions for the Rehabilitation of Historical Building Facades with Local Materials

The present research aims to identify the possibilities of rehabilitation of building facades in the centre of Chisinau, through the use of high-performance materials, use of high-performance technologies in execution, reduction of facade renovation costs, etc. In the process of organising the rehabilitation works of historical buildings of architectural value, we are dealing with the following: the value of the rehabilitation works of a historical building is very high, the duration of the rehabilitation is important, the attitude of the society is insufficient, the lack of strategies for the rehabilitation of buildings at the municipality level. In order to achieve this objective, we propose to research the following tasks: definition of the concept of rehabilitation of buildings in the Historic Centre of Chisinau;legislative, normative assurance of rehabilitation of historical heritage in the Republic of Moldova;analysis of the situation in Chisinau on the example of historical buildings with limestone finishes and examination by non-destructive methods of facades;solutions for rehabilitation of facades of historical buildings by comparing two types of technologies. In conclusion, emphasis will be placed on the choice of the most efficient method in terms of material, technology and cost.

Applying Double Skin Facade with ETFE Membrane Assembly for Energy Saving and Acoustic Protection for the Building of the Czech Institute of Informatics,Robotics and Cybernetics in Prague

Multidisciplinary, integrated planning approach by architects, engineers, scientists and manufacturers to reduce energy consumption of buildings. The CIIRC Complex, located on the main campus of Czech Technical University in Prague consists of two buildings, newly constructed building and adaptive reuse of existing building. CIIRC—Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics is a contemporary teaching facility of new generation and use for scientific research teams. New building has ten above-ground floors, on the bottom 4 floors of laboratories, scientist modules, classrooms, above are offices, meeting rooms, teaching and research modules for professors and students. Offices of the rector are on the last two floors of the building. On the top floor is congress type auditorium, in the basement is fully automatic car park. Double skin pneumatic cushions facade. In the project are introduced series of architectural and technical features and innovations. Probably the most visible is the double skin facade facing south-transparent double layer membrane ETFE (Ethylen-TetraFluorEthylen) cushions with triple glazed modular system assembly. Acting as solar collector, recuperating of hot air on the top floors, saving up to 30% of an energy consumption.

The effects of cool materials,façade orientation,and morphological parameters on energy consumption at the residential neighborhood scale

Building surface cool materials are novel materials that can reduce urban heat island intensity and decrease building energy consumption.This study investigated the impact of radiative properties of materials,façade orientation,and morphological parameters on energy consumption in six typical residential neighborhoods in Nanjing,China.The neighborhood energy consumption of 16 application schemes considering the façade orientation factor is compared to determine the best energy-saving scheme.Seasonal and annual energy-saving rates,savings in electricity costs,and the price ceiling for materials per unit area are analyzed.The results show that for low-rise buildings,using cool materials only on the roof can reduce the annual energy consumption by 1%.When cool or super cool materials are also used on the building façade,the annual energy saving rate can be up to 3.4%and 4.3%,respectively.Using cool materials on the south façade of buildings is not recommended due to significant heat loss in winter.Considering savings in electricity costs and the price ceiling for materials per unit area,the price of cool and super cool materials should be less than 3.0 and 3.7 RMB/m2,respectively,assuming a lifespan of eight years in Nanjing.

Experiment and simulation to determine the optimum orientation of building-integrated photovoltaic on tropical building façades considering annual daylight performance and energy yield

Building-Integrated Photovoltaic(BIPV)on vertical façades is a potential PV application in today’s buildings.The performance of BIPV on façades is significantly influenced by the façade orientation.For tropical cities,the optimum façade orientation,in terms of maximum energy yield and daylight performance,cannot be simply determined,due to relatively symmetrical sun path throughout the day.This study therefore aims to determine the optimum orientation for BIPV on tropical building façades.To achieve the objective,experiment,modelling,and computational simulation are conducted to evaluate the BIPV energy yield and to predict the indoor daylight performance in a scale-model building with a 105Wp monocrystalline silicon PV,facing each cardinal orienta-tion in Bandung,Indonesia.The South orientation yields practically zero ASE_(1000,250),providing the best annual daylight performance,and yielding the most desirable value in four out of five daylight metrics.The greatest annual energy yield is at the North orientation,providing 179-186 kWh(95%prediction interval)per year,but with larger uncertainty compared to that at the South,due to direct sunlight occurrence.Based on three different objective functions,the South orientation is considered optimum for placing the BIPV panel on the prototype façade in the location.

Okadaic acid: a tool to study regulatory mechanisms for neurodegeneration and regeneration in Alzheimer's disease

Okadaic acid： Okadaic acid （OKA）, a polyether （C38 fatty acid） toxin, is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein phosphatase, PP1 and protein phosphatase 2A （PP2A）. It is mainly extracted from a black sponge Hallichondria okadaii and has been suggested to play a potent probe for studying the various molecular, cellular, biochemical and mechanism of neurotoxicity. It is known as a selective and potent in- hibitor of serine/threonine phosphatases 1 and 2A induces hyperphosphorylation of tau in vitro and in vivo. It has been reported that Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） is a complex multi- factorial neurodegenerative disorder and hyperphosphor- ylated tau protein is a major pathological hallmark of AD. The reduced activity of phosphatases like, PP2A has been implicated in the brain of AD patients. OKA also induced inhibition of protein phosphatases cause neurofibrillary tangles （NFTs） like pathological changes and tau hyperphos- phorylation seen in AD pathology. Our and others reports inferred that OKA induces neurodegeneration along with tau hyperphosphorylation, GSK3β activation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity which are char- acteristic of AD pathology （Figure 1）.

EFFECT OF ADDED DIETARY CALCIUM ON ESOPHAGEAL EPITHELIAL-CELL PROLIFERATION IN SUBJECTS AT HIGH RISK FOR ESOPHAGEAL CANCER: A DOUBLE-BLIND INTER-VENTION STUDY

A randomized double-blind intervention trial was carried determine whether oral calcium supplementation could lower the proliferation of epithelial cells of the esophagus. 41 subjects identified with precancerous lesions by histopathology were randomized to receive oral supplementation of their conventional diets with 0.6 g of calcium as calcium carbonate or placebo. Both at the entry to the study and at the end of the treatment, seven months later, the subjects were examined, with an emphasis on the frequency and distribution of proliferating epithelial cells of the esophagus. Patterns of cell proliferation was defined by dividing the esophageal epithelium into cell columns oriented perpendicularly to the basal cell layer and by comparing the numbers and fractions of tritiated thymidine-labeled epithelial cells in the various cell columns and cell compartments.Before dietary supplementation with calcium, the profile of proliferating epithelial cells in the esophageal compartments in calcium group is similar to that in the placebo group, which is comparable to that previously observed in subjects with high risk for esophageal cancer. Seven months after supplementation having been started, in calcium group, proliferation was significantly reduced and the profile of the esophageal columns approached to that previously observed in subjects at low risk for esophageal cancer, however, in the placebo group, the proliferation and profile maintain at the same level as that before supplementation. Our findings indicate that oral calcium supplementation induces a more quiescent equilibrium in epithelial-cell proliferation in the esophageal mucosa of the subjects at high-risk for esophageal cancer, similar to that observed in subjects at low risk.

建设项目全过程工程咨询价值增值机理仿真研究

研究全过程工程咨询价值增值机理,以促进全过程工程咨询的推广。从建设项目全生命周期出发,对全过程工程咨询项目价值增值的原理和影响因素进行识别和分析,运用系统动力学(SystemDynamics,SD)的方法,构建了全过程工程咨询服务模式价值增值系统模型,通过仿真分析揭示了全过程工程咨询服务模式的价值增值机理。结果显示:建设单位采用全过程工程咨询模式时,建设单位效益、咨询服务方效益及社会效益都会在项目建设全过程得到不同程度的提高。验证了项目决策、建设、运维之间的深度融合与项目建设阶段中设计与施工之间信息的流通,提升了项目规避风险的能力,拓宽了项目目标达成的途径。

“肺气虚”大鼠模型肺、皮肤、大肠Fas、Fas-L表达相关性的实验研究

目的:在分子水平上探讨肺与皮肤、大肠之间的内在联系。方法:单纯烟熏法建立大鼠“肺气虚”病理模型,将20只大鼠随机分为正常对照组和病理模型组。采用免疫组化SP方法,分别检测Fas、Fsa-L在两组动物肺、皮肤和大肠组织中的表达水平,并进行比较。结果:“肺气虚”病理模型组的肺、皮肤、大肠组织中Fas、Fas-L与正常对照组比较明显增高,具有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:肺、皮肤、大肠三种组织中Fas、Fas-L的表达水平呈平行相关性,从分子水平上提示肺与皮肤、大肠之间可能存在着内在联系,证实了中医学“肺外合皮毛”及“肺与大肠相表里”的重要理论。

中药异位宁对子宫内膜异位症模型大鼠Fas/FasL基因表达影响的实验研究

目的:通过研究异位宁对Fas/FasL蛋白表达的影响来阐述异位宁治疗子宫内膜异位症的作用机制。方法:取雌性Wistar大鼠,随机分为5组,正常对照组、模型对照组、异位宁高、低剂量组及西药丹那唑对照组;造模成功后各给药组灌胃给药1个月后,观察各组子宫内膜局部组织中Fas及FasL蛋白的表达情况。结果:治疗后异位宁高、低剂量组以及西药对照组Fas、FasL表达增多,染色较深,与模型组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:异位宁具有诱导Fas、FasL基因表达,提高异位内膜凋亡能力,使异位病灶得以萎缩、消失的作用。

fas基因启动子区多态性与乳腺癌发病风险关系的Meta分析

目的系统评价fas基因启动子区-1377G/A和-670A/G多态性与乳腺癌发病风险的相关性。方法检索电子数据库PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、CNKI、Wanfang Data和CBM,截止日期为2017年2月10日,按纳入与排除标准筛选文献。采用Stata13.0软件进行Meta分析,评估发表偏倚并进行敏感度分析。结果共纳入11篇研究,合并结果显示:未发现fas基因启动子区-1377G/A和-670A/G多态性与乳腺癌发病风险有关联;Egger′s线性回归分析显示不存在发表偏倚(P>0.05);逐个剔除研究后,发现Meta分析结果受单个研究的影响较小。结论 fas基因启动子区-1377G/A和-670A/G多态性可能与乳腺癌的发病风险无关。

多重PCR在瘢痕疙瘩Fas基因突变分析中的应用

目的:建立瘢痕疙瘩Fas基因常见突变外显子的多重PCR扩增反应体系,以利进行批量瘢痕疙瘩基因突变的筛选和检测。方法:取正常皮肤、增生瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩组织DNA样本,根据瘢痕疙瘩Fas基因易发突变的外显子6,8,9之序列,按照多重PCR引物设计原则,建立3对相应引物,先分别找出各外显子的最佳扩增条件,再进行综合分析,最终找到一个理想的多重PCR扩增条件。结果:各外显子单一扩增片段和多重PCR扩增条带均清晰,产量较高,无非特异性扩增,产物长度与理论值一致;DNA测序证实,各扩增产物即各外显子基因片段。结论:成功建立了瘢痕疙瘩Fas基因常发突变外显子的多重PCR扩增体系,与以往单基因分次扩增相比,实现了一次同时扩增3个基因片段,为瘢痕疙瘩基因诊断和进一步相关的分子生物学研究提供了一个经济、快捷的方法,对于瘢痕疙瘩Fas基因的突变研究具有较高的应用价值。

Example-based dynamic façade design using the façade daylighting performance improvement(FDPI)indicator

It remains challenging to conduct an efficient dynamic façade design.In this article authors try to address this issue introducing the façade daylighting performance improvement(FDPI)indicator aimed to evaluate the performance of a dynamic(adaptive)façade from its daylighting performance point of view.To illustrate the FDPI application the authors introduced the preliminary dynamic façade concept for an office building located in Tel Aviv(Hot-summer Mediterranean Climate Csa)with further shape modification based on the daylighting performance analysis compared to the three alternatives representative of different typologies of dynamic façades.Al Bahr,One Ocean and The University of Southern Denmark façade systems were simulated under the same weather and building conditions of the preliminary dynamic façade concept and were considered as a benchmark for the study.The final dynamic façade concept elaborated by the authors in the preliminary comparative workflow showed noticeable daylight performance improvement with respect to the case studies comparative scenarios.The FDPI metric allowed to estimate a daylighting performance improvement of 43%of the final dynamic façade concept over the case study dynamic façade that showed the best performance in the daylighting simulations.

双层外立面对竖直向下火蔓延影响的实验研究

通过实验研究了层间效应对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯向下火蔓延特性的影响。在6组不同立面间距的条件下,对火焰高度、温度、质量损失速率和火蔓延速率等参数进行研究,建立了传热物理模型并进行理论分析,得到了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯在预热区和热解区的辐射、对流热反馈的函数表达式。实验结果表明:随着外立面之间间距的增大,火焰厚度减小,火焰形状发生不规则变化;质量损失速率的对数与火焰高度的对数呈线性关系;在间距不同的情况下,火焰的最高温度保持不变;随着间距的增加,火蔓延速率分3个阶段逐渐下降。理论分析表明:间距变化时,对流和辐射热反馈所占主导地位不同,当间距大于6 cm时,辐射热反馈几乎可以忽略不计,且理论分析与实验结果一致。

C-ADS中质子束窗散射效应和热力学计算（英文）

质子束窗是C-ADS中隔离加速器的真空环境与靶的非真空环境的重要部件。质子束窗材料及其冷却介质造成的束流散射效应是造成束流在靶外损失的主要因素,由于质子束窗中的高能量沉积和高辐照效应,束窗的热力学计算显得尤为重要。计算结果表明:当质子束窗和散裂靶距离为1.5m时,通过选取合理的结构参数,多管道型质子束窗结构可以将靶外束流损失控制在1%以内。束窗中总的应力,包括由于温度升高造成的热应力、冷却剂的静压,以及束窗两侧加速器真空与外部非真空环境的压强差造成的应力,可以有效控制在所用材料的许用应力之内。并通过计算讨论给出C-ADS中质子束窗的初步设计参数。

Ad hoc网络的跨层技术

首先介绍了Ad hoc网络的主要构成思想和总体目标,然后简述了现今Ad hoc网络在各个领域的研究现状。并对Ad hoc网络即将面临的问题和目前存在的跨层设计问题进行了深入分析,并对这些问题的起因及解决办法进行了讨论。

Risk factors in familial forms of celiac disease

Celiac disease has been reported in up to 2% of some European populations. A similar risk has been identified in the America and Australia where immigration of Eu-ropeans has occurred. Moreover, an increasing number of celiac disease patients are being identified in many Asian countries, including China and India. Finally, celiac disease has also been detected in Asian immigrants and their descendants to other countries, such as Canada. Within these so-called "general" celiac populations, however, there are specific high risk groups that have an even higher prevalence of celiac disease. Indeed, the single most important risk factor for celiac disease is having a first-degree relative with already-defined celiac disease, particularly a sibling. A rate up to 20% or more has been noted. Risk is even greater if a specific family has 2 siblings affected, particularly if a male carries the human leukocyte antigen-DQ2. Both structural changes in the small bowel architecture occur along with func-tional changes in permeability, even in asymptomatic first-degree relatives. Even if celiac disease is not evident, the risk of other autoimmune disorders seems significantly increased in first-degree relatives as well as intestinal lymphoma. Identification of celiac disease is important since recent long-term studies have shown that the mortality of celiac disease is increased, if it is unrecognized and untreated.